How Firms Leverage Crowds and Communities for Open Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel West ◽  
Jonathan Sims
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Integrate Research

There are many similarities in how firms pursuing an open innovation strategy can utilize crowds and communities as sources of external innovation. At the same time, the differences between these two network forms of collaboration have previously been blurred or overlooked. In this chapter, we integrate research on crowds and communities, identifying a third form—a crowd–community hybrid—that combines attributes of both. We compare examples of each of these three network forms, such as open source software communities, gated contests, crowdsourcing tournaments, user-generated content, and crowd science. We then summarize the intrinsic, extrinsic, and structural factors that enable individual and organizational participation in these collaborations. Finally, we contrast how these collaborative forms differ regarding their degree of innovativeness and relevance to firm goals. From this, we identify opportunities for future research on these topics.

Adopting Open Source Software in Smartphone Manufacturers' Open Innovation Strategy

2018 ◽  
pp. 7369-7381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nabil Almunawar ◽  
Muhammad Anshari ◽  
Heru Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
It Use ◽  
Smart Mobile ◽  
A Company

We are witnessing the rapid adoption of smart mobile devices globally, especially smartphones. Unlike cell phones, most computer functions can be performed by smartphones. The established players of cell phones have lost their grip on the market and new players have quickly captured the market's interest. Open Source (OSS) can be viewed as a kind of Open Innovation where a company outsource software needed to the community or alternatively a company can contribute its software to the community after turning it to open source software. This chapter discusses the Open Innovation and adoption of OSS in smartphone industry. The development OSS and it use in smartphones will be presented. The competition between proprietary and OSS operating systems for smartphones will be discussed as platforms or operation systems shape the smartphone industry.

Adopting Open Source Software in Smartphone Manufacturers' Open Innovation Strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1325-1338
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nabil Almunawar ◽  
Muhammad Anshari ◽  
Heru Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Smart Mobile ◽  
A Company ◽  
Smart Mobile Devices

We are witnessing the rapid adoption of smart mobile devices globally, especially smartphones. Unlike cell phones, most computer functions can be performed by smartphones. The established players of cell phones have lost their grip on the market, and new players have quickly captured the market's interest. Open source (OSS) can be viewed as a kind of open innovation where a company outsource software needed to the community, or alternatively, a company can contribute its software to the community after turning it to open source software. This chapter discusses the open innovation and adoption of OSS in smartphone industry. The development OSS and its use in smartphones will be presented. The competition between proprietary and OSS operating systems for smartphones will be discussed as platforms or operation systems shape the smartphone industry.

A Classification Analysis of the Success of Open Source Health Information Technology Projects

2011 ◽  
pp. 256-273
Author(s):  
Evangelos Katsamakas ◽  
Balaji Janamanchi ◽  
Wullianallur Raghupathi ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Health Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Information Technology Projects ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Future Research Directions

As the number of open source software (OSS) projects in healthcare grows rapidly, researchers are faced with the challenge of understanding and explaining the success of the open source phenomenon. This article proposes a research framework that examines the roles of project sponsorship, license type, development status and technological complements in the success of open source health information technology (HIT) projects and it develops a systematic method for classifying projects based on their success potential. Drawing from economic theory, a novel proposition in the authors’ framework suggests that higher project-license restrictiveness will increase OSS adoption, because organizations will be more confident that the OSS project will remain open source in the future. Applying the framework to a sample of open source software projects in healthcare, the authors find that although project sponsorship and license restrictiveness influence project metrics, they are not significant predictors of project success categorization. On the other hand, development status, operating system and programming language are significant predictors of an OSS project’s success categorization. Application implications and future research directions are discussed.

Demography of Open Source Software Prediction Models and Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 620-652
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
M. M. Mahbubul Syeed ◽  
Imed Hammouda
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Insight Into

Open source software (OSS) is currently a widely adopted approach to developing and distributing software. Many commercial companies are using OSS components as part of their product development. For instance, more than 58% of web servers are using an OSS web server, Apache. For effective adoption of OSS, fundamental knowledge of project development is needed. This often calls for reliable prediction models to simulate project evolution and to envision project future. These models provide help in supporting preventive maintenance and building quality software. This chapter reports on a systematic literature survey aimed at the identification and structuring of research that offers prediction models and techniques in analysing OSS projects. The study outcome provides insight into what constitutes the main contributions of the field, identifies gaps and opportunities, and distils several important future research directions. This chapter extends the authors' earlier journal article and offers the following improvements: broader study period, enhanced discussion, and synthesis of reported results.

Taming of ‘Openness' in Software Innovation Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gencer ◽  
Beyza Oba
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Emergent Community ◽  
Strategic Pattern ◽  
The Continuum

In large-scale open source software (OSS) innovation ecosystems that incorporate firms, a variety of measures are taken to tame the potentially chaotic activities and align the contributions of various participants with the strategic priorities of major stakeholders. Such taming rests on the dual desires of this emergent community of firms to unleash the innovation potential of OSS and to drive it to a certain direction, and it emerges in the form of various organizational activities. By drawing on a sample of large-scale OSS ecosystems, the authors discuss that methods employed for taming are isomorphic, and overview the emerging strategic pattern for establishing systems of innovation. This pattern involves a related set of practices to balance virtues of OSS community while introducing corporate discipline. In contrast to approaches such as open innovation, which favor isolated reasoning, they present a systemic and historical perspective to explain the continuum in emergence and establishment of strategic patterns.

Empowerment of SMEs Through Open Innovation Strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Hakikur Rahman ◽  
Isabel Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Strategy Management ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Adoption Of Innovation ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Innovation Strategies

Adoption of innovation strategies in entrepreneurship is an age old phenomenon, but inclusion of open innovation or collaborative innovation strategies in the business processes is a newly evolved concept. By far, most research reveals that the majority of successful global ventures are adopting open innovation strategies in their business proceedings. However, despite their contribution to entrepreneurship and national economy, the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) are well below the expectation level in terms of acquiring this newly emerged trend of doing business. Moreover, not much research is being conducted to investigate SMEs potencies, expectations, delivery channels and intricacies around the adoption, nourishment and dissemination of open innovation strategies. This research proposes a contextual framework leading to an operational framework to explore the lifecycle of open innovation strategy management activities focusing technology transfer (inbounds or outwards). It discusses a few issues on future research in empowering SMEs through utilization of open innovation strategies.

scholarly journals A market for trading software issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvika Rao ◽  
Georg J P Link ◽  
Don Marti ◽  
Andy Leak ◽  
Rich Bodo
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Open Source Software Development ◽  
Trading Market

Abstract The security of software is becoming increasingly important. Open source software forms much of our digital infrastructure. It, however, contains vulnerabilities which have been exploited, attracted public attention, and caused large financial damages. This article proposes a solution to shortcomings in the current economic situation of open source software development. The main idea is to introduce price signals into the peer production of software. This is achieved through a trading market for futures contracts on the status of software issues. Users, who value secure software, gain the possibility to predict outcomes and incentivize work, strengthening collaboration and information sharing in open source software development. The design of such a trading market is discussed and a prototype introduced. The feasibility of the trading market design is corroborated in a proof-of-concept implementation and simulation. Preliminary results show that the implementation works and can be used for future experiments. Several directions for future research result from this article, which contributes to peer production, software development practices, and incentives design.

scholarly journals The Economics of Open Source Software: A Survey of the Early Literature

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Closed Source

This paper reviews the recent literature on the economics of open source software. Two different sets of issues are addressed. The first looks at the incentives of programmers to participate in open source projects. The second considers the business models used by profit-making firms in the open source industry, and the effects on existing closed source firms. Some possible future research directions are also given.

scholarly journals Online division of labour: emergent structures in Open Source Software

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Palazzi ◽  
Jordi Cabot ◽  
Javier Luis Cánovas Izquierdo ◽  
Albert Solé-Ribalta ◽  
Javier Borge-Holthoefer
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bipartite Networks ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Development Framework

Abstract The development Open Source Software fundamentally depends on the participation and commitment of volunteer developers to progress on a particular task. Several works have presented strategies to increase the on-boarding and engagement of new contributors, but little is known on how these diverse groups of developers self-organise to work together. To understand this, one must consider that, on one hand, platforms like GitHub provide a virtually unlimited development framework: any number of actors can potentially join to contribute in a decentralised, distributed, remote, and asynchronous manner. On the other, however, it seems reasonable that some sort of hierarchy and division of labour must be in place to meet human biological and cognitive limits, and also to achieve some level of efficiency. These latter features (hierarchy and division of labour) should translate into detectable structural arrangements when projects are represented as developer-file bipartite networks. Thus, in this paper we analyse a set of popular open source projects from GitHub, placing the accent on three key properties: nestedness, modularity and in-block nestedness –which typify the emergence of heterogeneities among contributors, the emergence of subgroups of developers working on specific subgroups of files, and a mixture of the two previous, respectively. These analyses show that indeed projects evolve into internally organised blocks. Furthermore, the distribution of sizes of such blocks is bounded, connecting our results to the celebrated Dunbar number both in off- and on-line environments. Our conclusions create a link between bio-cognitive constraints, group formation and online working environments, opening up a rich scenario for future research on (online) work team assembly (e.g. size, composition, and formation). From a complex network perspective, our results pave the way for the study of time-resolved datasets, and the design of suitable models that can mimic the growth and evolution of OSS projects.

Measuring Open Source Quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ruiz ◽  
William N. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Resolution Rate ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Software Product

There is an ample debate over the quality of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) with mixed research results. The authors show that a reason for these mixed results is that quality is being defined, measured, and evaluated differently. They report the most popular approaches including software structure measures, process measures, and maturity assessment models. The way researchers have built their samples has also contributed to the mixed results with different project properties being considered and ignored. Because FLOSS projects evolve with each release, their quality does too, and it must be measured using metrics that take into account their communities’ commitment to quality rather than just the structure of the resulting code. Challenges exist in defining what constitutes a defect or bug, and the role of modularity in affecting FLOSS quality. The authors suggest three considerations for future research on FLOSS quality models: (1) defect resolution rate, (2) kind of software product, and (3) modularity—both technical and organizational.

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