Findings of Fact

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Bodies

Most regulatory bodies provide for fitness to practise and disciplinary hearings to be conducted in stages, and for findings of fact to be considered and announced by the tribunal or committee before consideration of misconduct, impairment and sanction.

Ethical Responsibilities of Brick and Mortar Retailers

Think India ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Bodh Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Ethical Responsibilities

Retailers have ethical responsibilities in their dealings with different stakeholders. All the stakeholders have expectations from retailers and the retailers in obligation to fulfil their expectations in an ethical manner. Retailers have ethical responsibility towards customers, employees, suppliers, financers, competitors, government, and the community as a whole. In fact, some researchers have conceptualised responsibilities of retailers but the in-depth empirical investigation has not yet done. The study empirically examines the ethical responsibilities of brick and mortar retailers towards various stakeholders. The data were obtained from 200 retailers through a self-designed schedule. The exploratory factor analysis extracted ten factors out of various variables representing ethical responsibilities of retailers towards different stakeholders. The results indicate that brick and mortar retailers are moderately ethical towards various stakeholders. The present study will be highly beneficial for the researchers, retailers, customers, regulatory bodies and policy makers for new insights and better regulation.

A Comparison of CSR Disclosure Guidelines and a Self-Prepared CSR Disclosure Index- A Study of Select Automotive Companies

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Gupta ◽  
Shilki Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Voluntary Guidelines

In India, corporate social responsibility and its disclosure got attention during the eighties and have been gaining importance with time in present economic environment, especially after adoption of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) (Goswami, 2011). Guidelines, principles, and codes are being developed by various regulatory bodies in India and across the globe to increase transparency and accountability about both a companys daily operations and the impact of these operations on society (Tran, 2014) In this paper, the author has studied the CSR guidelines laid down by Global Reporting Initiative G3.1 (GRI-G-3) and The National Voluntary Guidelines by Ministry of Corporate Affairs (NVG-MCA) and has compared them with a self-composed CSR Disclosure Index (CSRDI). The social responsibility initiatives taken by select Indian Automotive Companies have been analyzed and the companies have been rated as per the disclosures made by them. The main focus of the research is to compare the CSR Rankings of companies as per CSRDI with the companies rankings as per GRI-G-3 and NVG-MCA. It was observed that out of 30 sensex companies, Maruti Suzuki and TATA Motors have been the pioneers in contribution towards CSR initiatives. The top five rated companies were TATA Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Mahindra and Mahindra, Hero Motocorp, Bajaj Auto, and Apollo Tyres.

scholarly journals Tackling the challenges of nanomedicines: are we ready?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B Hertig ◽  
Vinod P Shah ◽  
Beat Flühmann ◽  
Stefan Mühlebach ◽  
Gunar Stemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Nature ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Patient Benefit ◽  
World Congress ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Hospital Pharmacists ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Regulatory Landscape

Abstract Purpose This review provides an overview of the proceedings of the symposium “Tackling the Challenges of Nanomedicines: Are We Ready?” organized by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Hospital Pharmacy Section and Non-Biological Complex Drugs (NBCDs) Working Group at the 2019 FIP World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Debate centered on reasons underlying the current complex regulatory landscape for nanomedicines and their follow-on products (referred to as nanosimilars) and the pivotal role of hospital pharmacists in selecting, handling, and guiding usage of nanomedicines and nanosimilars. Summary The evaluation and use of nanomedicines are recognized among scientific, pharmaceutical, and regulatory bodies as complex. Interchangeability and substitutability of nanomedicines and nanosimilars are confounded by a lack of pharmaceutical and pharmacological equivalence, reflecting the inherent complex nature of these drug products and manufacturing processes. Consequences include implications for clinical safety and efficacy and, ultimately, comparability. Local regulatory approvals of some nanomedicines have occurred, but there is no standard to ensure streamlined evaluation and use of consistent measures of therapeutic equivalence of reference products and their nanosimilars. Hospital pharmacists are expected to be experts in the selection, handling, and substitution of nanomedicines and familiarize themselves with the limitations of current methods of assessing pharmaceutical and clinical equivalence of nanosimilars in order to ensure informed formulary decision-making and eventual patient benefit. Conclusion Supportive guidance for pharmacists focusing on the substitutability and/or interchangeability of nanomedicines and their nanosimilars is needed. Current FIP guidance for pharmacists on therapeutic interchange and substitution should be extended to include nanomedicines and nanosimilars.

scholarly journals Pharmacy premises licensing policy formulation: experience from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustina Koduah ◽  
Reginald Sekyi-Brown ◽  
Joseph Kodjo Nsiah Nyoagbe ◽  
Daniel Amaning Danquah ◽  
Irene Kretchy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Pharmacy Council ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Licences to operate pharmacy premises are issued by statutory regulatory bodies. The Health Institutions and Facilities Act (Act 829) and Health Professions Regulatory Bodies Act (Act 857) regulate pharmacy premises and the business of supplying restricted medicines by retail, respectively, and this could create a potential regulatory overlap for pharmacy practice in Ghana. We theorise that the potential overlap of regulation duties stems from how law-makers framed issues and narratives during the formulation of these Acts. Objective To describe the policy actors involved, framing of narratives and decision-making processes relating to pharmacy premises licensing policy formulation. Methods A qualitative study was conducted and data gathered through interviewing eight key informants and reviewing Hansards, reports, bills, memoranda and Acts 829 and 857. Data were analysed to map decision-making venues, processes, actors and narratives. Results The Ministry of Health drafted the bills in July 2010 with the consensus of internal stakeholders. These were interrogated by the Parliament Select Committee on Health (with legislative power) during separate periods, and decisions made in Parliament to alter propositions of pharmacy premises regulations. Parliamentarians framed pharmacies as health facilities and reassigned their regulation from the Pharmacy Council to a new agency. The Pharmacy Council and the Pharmaceutical Society of Ghana could not participate in the decision-making processes in Parliament to oppose these alterations. The laws’ contents rested with parliamentarians as they made decisions in venues restricted to others. Legislative procedure limited participation, although non-legislative actors had some level of influence on the initial content. Conclusion Implementation of these laws would have implications for policy and practice and therefore understanding how the laws were framed and formulated is important for further reforms. We recommend additional research to investigate the impact of the implementation of these Acts on pharmacy practice and business in Ghana and the findings can serve as bargaining information for reforms.

To err is system; a comparison of methodologies for the investigation of adverse outcomes in healthcare

2021 ◽  
pp. 251604352199026
Author(s):  
Peter Isherwood ◽  
Patrick Waterson
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
System Level ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
System A ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Patient safety, staff moral and system performance are at the heart of healthcare delivery. Investigation of adverse outcomes is one strategy that enables organisations to learn and improve. Healthcare is now understood as a complex, possibly the most complex, socio-technological system. Despite this the use of a 20th century linear investigation model is still recommended for the investigation of adverse outcomes. In this review the authors use data gathered from the investigation of a real life healthcare near incident and apply three different methodologies to the analysis of this data. They compare both the methodologies themselves and the outputs generated. This illustrates how different methodologies generate different system level recommendations. The authors conclude that system based models generate the strongest barriers to improve future performance. Healthcare providers and their regulatory bodies need to embrace system based methodologies if they are to effectively learn from, and reduce future, adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals Bodies on the margins: regulating bodies, regulatory bodies

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kath Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Bodies

The relevance of Global Standards to social work education in Australasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
David John McNabb ◽  
Marie Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Work Education ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Work Education

Underpinned by the Global Standards published for the promotion of quality social work education, and as a benchmark for social work education at national levels, a qualitative content analysis is conducted to explore the alignment of national standards of the Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia regulatory bodies with the Global Standards. A number of equity issues are identified: service users and student participation, student representativeness, indigenous rights and political action, gender and cultural equity, and equitable access. The implications for social work education internationally are considered, including a possibility of the role of the Global Standards in democratizing social work education.

Loss reserve variability and loss reserve errors

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Nii Boi Quaye ◽  
Charles Andoh ◽  
Anthony Q.Q. Aboagye
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Loss Reserve ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Property And Liability Insurance ◽  
Industry Trends

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to assess the level and variability of Ghanaian property and liability insurer’s reserve estimates to examine its sources and ascertain if reserve errors are random or not (i.e. manipulated or not). Design/methodology/approach – It uses information on insurer claim reserve provisions, claims outstanding, claims incurred and claims paid for the period of 2000-2010. Categorizing the sources of variation as endogenous and exogenous, the authors use the panel correlated standard error regression model to determine sources and magnitude of industry reserve error. Findings – The study finds that size, age, lag of loss reserve error, inflation rate and real gross domestic product are significant in determining the degree of reserve error variation. Type of ownership (domestic or foreign) is, however, not a significant source of variation. Further, the authors found that industry reserve errors are random (not manipulated) across firms, suggesting that sampled insurers act independently on reserve error decision making and are not influenced by industry trends and competition. Research limitations/implications – The main research study limitation is the difficulty involved in obtaining annual statements from insurance companies in Ghana. Reluctance of companies to make statements available impeded on the smooth flow of the study during data collection. Practical implications – Policy-wise, this suggest that regulatory bodies can uniquely set reserve error levels for existing firms with little influence on competition. Further, the Ghanaian insurance regulator does not to focus on the type of ownership (foreign or local) when setting regulatory standards. However, size of the company and age (length of operation) should be considered. Originality/value – This paper is the first empirical study to examine the loss reserve error and loss reserve variability of Ghanaian property and liability insurance companies.

scholarly journals London Street Noises: A Ground-Breaking Field Recording Campaign from 1928

Acoustics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-136
Author(s):  
John L. Drever ◽  
Aysegul Yildirim ◽  
Mattia Cobianchi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sound ◽  
Daily Mail ◽  
Recording Technology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Field Recordings ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Uk

In a leading article by Sir Percival Philips in the UK popular newspaper, the Daily Mail, July 16, 1928, came the following headlines: “Millions Lost by Noise – Cities’ Worst Plague – Menace to Nerves and Health – What is Being Done to Stop it”. The article was supported by research from Prof Henry J. Spooner, who had been researching and campaigning on the ill-effects of noise and its economic impact. The article sparked subsequent discussion and follow-up articles in the Daily Mail and its international partners. In an era of rapid technological change, that was on the cusp of implementing sound pressure measurements, the Daily Mail, in collaboration with the Columbia Graphophone Company Ltd, experimented with sound recording technology and commentary in the field to help communicate perceived loudness and identify the sources of “unnecessary noise”. This resulted in the making of series of environmental sound recordings from five locations across central London during September 1928, the findings of which were documented and discussed in the Daily Mail at the time, and two recordings commercially released by Columbia on shellac gramophone disc. This was probably the first concerted anti-noise campaign of this type and scale, requiring huge technological efforts. The regulatory bodies and politicians of the time reviewed and improved the policies around urban noise shortly after the presentation of the recordings, which were also broadcast from the BBC both nationally and internationally, and many members of the public congratulated and thanked the Daily Mail for such an initiative. Despite its unpreceded scale and impact, and the recent scholarly attention on the history of anti-noise campaigning, this paper charts and contextualises the Daily Mail’s London Street Noise campaign for the first time. As well as historical research, this data has also been used to start a longitudinal comparative study still underway, returning to make field recordings on the site on the 80th and 90th anniversaries and during the COVID-19 lockdown, and shared on the website londonstreetnoises.co.uk.

scholarly journals Role of Regulatory Bodies in the Banking and Energy Sectors

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Miomir Jakšić
Keyword(s):  
Central Banking ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Abstract The article discusses the status and role of regulatory bodies and the aftermaths of their independence and accountability to the public and the parliament. The author analyses different legal statuses of regulatory bodies in Montenegro and Serbia in the central banking and energy sectors and concludes that it is necessary that national constitutions, as the highest legal acts in each state, prescribe in a separate article that “Regulatory bodies are independent and accountable to Parliament”. Relevant separate legal acts should closely define the procedures for establishing, enforcing, and sanctioning of possible breaching of: 1) independence of regulatory bodies, 2) accountability of regulatory bodies to the parliament, and 3) transparency of their activities.

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