scholarly journals Determinants of the Declining Share of Agricultural Labour Force to Total Labour Force in Pakistan

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4II) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hameed Sheikh ◽  
Zafar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Total Labour

The agricultural labour force in Pakistan has been increasing rapidly due to population growth as well as a declining mortality rate. However, the share of the agricultural labour force to total labour force has been decreasing. The objective of this paper is to search for the factors responsible for this decline. The period covered is from 1959•60 to 1986-87. The development process is characterised as one which brings about a fundamental change in the structure of an economy. In this process, labour is shifted from low productivity areas, such as agriculture, to high productivity areas, such as the manufacturing, construction and transport sectors. The share of value added of agriculture in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has declined from 46 percent in 1959- 60 to 25 percent in 1986-87. Hence, the key determinant of declining share of agricultural labour force to total labour force (RA LF) appears to be some measure of economic development.

DEMOGRAPHY PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Elena Pekhtereva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Low Rate

The review examines the results of the December 2020 official census of the population of China, the most populous country in the world. It is noted that the Chinese government is seriously concerned about the low rate of population growth. The authorities fear that a slowdown in population growth and its aging while the size of the labour force is decreasing may seriously slow down economic growth. The opinions and statements of analysts on the prospects of the demographic situation in China in the context of its socio-economic development are presented.

scholarly journals Industries without Smokestacks

2018 ◽  
pp. 232-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
António S. Cruz ◽  
Fausto J. Mafambissa
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
Total Labour

Under the current international economic conditions, where Asian countries are strong competitors in the manufacturing commodities, low-income countries like Mozambique could attempt to compete in industries without smokestacks. Fruits and vegetables, agro-processing goods, and various tradable services are estimated to have contributed 1.9 per cent to annual average gross domestic product growth in 1993–2015, when the aggregate growth was 7.8 per cent. Around 80 per cent of the total labour force is dedicated to primary activities, producing 25 per cent of the aggregated value added in 2013–15. The share of services in total exports was only 17 per cent in 2012–14. Although still relatively small, these industries have potential for growth, if Mozambique follows a diversified growth strategy.

scholarly journals MODELLING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA: AN AUTO-REGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTIVE LAG APPROACH (1980-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Egbulonu ◽  
Erasmus E. Duru ◽  
Henry C. Dim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Labour

This research work focuses on the relationship between population growth and industrial output in Nigeria for the period 1980 to 2017. It is particularly interesting to study the relationship between population growth and industrialization in Nigeria because at present, Nigeria is making rapid effort to advance her economy while undergoing a demographic transition that has been projected to be geometric in nature. This research developed an Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model using Index of Industrial Output as the dependent variable and Population growth rate, Birth rate, Total Labour Force (as a percentage of total population that are employed), Capacity Utilization and Manpower Development Index as the independent variables. The data was obtained from the World Bank, the National Population Commission and the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletins (various issues). The findings reveal that Population Growth Rate has an inverse relationship with Industrial Output both in the short run and in the long run while Total Labour Force and Capacity Utilization also decrease Industrial Output both in the short and long-run periods. Since the Bounds test reveals a long-run relationship between population and Industrial Output, we recommend a renewed determination and political will to implement the National Policy on Population for sustainable development that outlines a sectoral strategy to manage our rising population.

Impact of average temperature, energy demand, sectoral value added, and population growth on water resource quality and mortality rate: it is time to stop waiting around

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (30) ◽  
pp. 37626-37644
Author(s):  
Hafiza Samina Tehreem ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Anser ◽  
Abdelmohsen A. Nassani ◽  
Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro ◽  
Khalid Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Average Temperature

scholarly journals Gross Domestic Product and Labour Force Development Tendencies in the Baltic States, 2000 - 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Einārs Ulnicāns
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Force Development ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Main Formula

The article with calculations analyses the development tendencies of gross domestic product, employment,unemployment, labour productivity and loss of unemployment in the Baltic States during 2000 - 2011. The results of thecalculations are explained in the description of these trends and their obvious and possible causes. A brief concept of thetheoretical background and the main formula for the calculation of labour productivity is provided as well. Conclusions aredrawn about the overall character of the development trends. The overall trends of economic development are similar in allthree countries. Gross domestic product, employment and labour productivity were growing until 2007. From 2008 to 2010they fell as a result of the economic crisis, but in 2011 all the indicators began rising again. Major changes in movement,including negative changes, are more frequently observed in Lithuania and Estonia. Differences between the countries appearin nuances, especially in Lithuania.

scholarly journals Educação superior para o desenvolvimento econômico: um olhar sobre os governos FHC (1995-2002) e Lula (2003-2010)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Uriel Boianovsky Kveller ◽  
Ronaldo Herrlein Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Unskilled Workers

O desenvolvimento econômico pode ser compreendido como a passagem de uma economia baseada em ativos primários, de baixo valor agregado e explorados por trabalhadores não especializados, para uma economia de ativos baseados no conhecimento e explorados por mão de obra especializada. O Brasil é um país cuja produção industrial e de serviços complexos, de maior agregação de valor, vem regredindo, enquanto sua pauta exportadora é composta em grande parte por produtos primários ou semi-industrializados. Além disso, enfrenta uma série de desafios que impõem dificuldades à qualificação dos trabalhadores. As instituições de ensino superior (IES) podem contribuir para fomentar o processo de desenvolvimento, pois produzem conhecimento científico e formam quadros profissionais especializados. O presente artigo procura identificar e avaliar de forma comparativa as políticas de educação superior e seus resultados consolidados durante os governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), assumindo a existência de relações significativas entre o ensino superior e o desenvolvimento econômico e visando evidenciar em que medida tais políticas contribuíram para esse processo. Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento econômico; ensino superior; conhecimento.Higher education for economic development: an overview on FHC and Lula governmentsABSTRACTEconomic development can be understood as the transition from an economy based on primary assets, low value-added and exploited by unskilled workers, to an economy of knowledge-based assets and exploited by skilled labor. Brazil is a country whose industrial production and complex services, with greater aggregation of value, has been regressing, while its export agenda is largely composed of primary or semi-industrialized products. In addition, it faces a series of challenges that pose difficulties to the qualification of workers. Higher education institutions (HEIs) can contribute to fostering the development process because they produce scientific knowledge and form specialized professional staff. This article aims to identify and evaluate in a comparative way the policies of higher education and its consolidated results during the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) and Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), assuming the existence of significant relationships between higher education and economic development, and seeking to show to what extent such policies contributed to this process.Keywords: economic development; higher education; knowledge. 

scholarly journals Impact of Tax Revenue on Economic Development in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Uket E. Ewa ◽  
Wasiu A. Adesola ◽  
Etim N. Essien
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
The Impact

There has been conflicting preposition as to the extent of tax contribution to the development of Nigerian economy. This study is to determine the impact of taxation proceeds on the development of Nigerian economy. The study explored the impact of three tax income streams – Income tax from companies’ profits, income tax from petroleum companies profits  and Value Added Tax on economic development represented by Gross Domestic Product (at current basic prices) growth for the period 1994 to 2018. The study applied Ordinary Least Square statistical tool with the help of SPSS 20.0. The study revealed a positive relationship with a coefficient of determination of 99.2% of the variation in economic development attributable to the tax income streams studied. Also although the study revealed the existence of significant effect of taxes from companies’ profits and Value Added Tax on Gross Domestic Product Growth, there is little or no significant impact of taxes on profits of Petroleum companies on Gross Domestic Product growth in Nigeria due to restriction by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries production ceiling on Nigeria’s production/sales and the global price shocks of crude oil over the decade. Also the study revealed tax payers apathy to tax payment and presence of tax leakages due to corruption and administrative inefficiencies by the tax authorities.

Cooperation Between Ukraine and the EU Towards Innovation-Driven Economic Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-269
Author(s):  
Lyubov Artemenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries ◽  
The Eu

Innovation underpins productivity and lies at the heart of economic growth. Ukraine is far from the technological frontier. Its economy depends on energy-intensive industries, producing low value-added products, and using a relatively cheap labour force. As international cooperation is an important proxy of country's technological catch-up, this chapter aims to study ways of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU towards innovation-driven economic development. The chapter provides analysis of Ukraine's participation in EU 7th Framework programme and HORIZON2020. Special emphasis is assigned to the ability of Ukrainian participants to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit gained knowledge.

scholarly journals Social capital as a key driver of productivity growth of the economy: across-countries comparison

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Jantoń-Drozdowska ◽  
Maria Majewska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
Economic Development Theory

The aim of this work was to show the possible impact of social capital on productivity of the economy. That impact can be measured by such indicators of productivity of the economy as used in our study: the GDP, the total value added of the economy (TVE), and the GNI per total labour force. Thus, this paper was organized as follows: its first part presents the relationship between the development of social capital and productivity growth of the country in the light of the economic development theory. In this context, it is pointed out that the significance of social capital as a component of the productivity potential of a given country increases when such country moves to the next stages of economic development. Therefore, social capital becomes a very important driver of the upgrading of national incomes in those countries, in which competitive advantages are based primarily on intellectual capital assets. The another part of the paper describes the methodology and the results of a research conducted on a group of 100 countries in the years 2012-2013 with an aim to illustrate the link between social capital and productivity of the economy as a whole referred to, or indicated, in the first part of the study. The results of the research allowed us to formulate a conclusion that without an appropriate ethical behaviour, not only in business, the productivity growth is hampered because it translates into a lower level of trust and unwillingness to cooperate. In other words, as, among others, W. Bartoszewski stressed, "it is worth to be decent".

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