Related to Relativity

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-284
Author(s):  
Steven J. Osterlind
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
Time Continuum

This chapter provides the context for the early twentieth-century events contributing to quantification. It was the golden age of scientific exploration, with explorers like David Livingstone, Sir Richard Burton, and Sir Ernest Shackleton, and intellectual pursuits, such as Hilbert’s set of unsolved problems in mathematics. However, most of the chapter is devoted to discussing the last major influencer of quantification: Albert Einstein. His life and accomplishments, including his theory of relativity, make up the final milestone on our road to quantification. The chapter describes his time in Bern, especially in 1905, when he published several famous papers, most particularly his law of special relativity, and later, in 1915, when he expanded it to his theory of general relativity. The chapter also provides a layperson’s description of the space–time continuum. Women of major scientific accomplishments are mentioned, including Madame Currie and the mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani.

The Lens of Gravity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
History Of Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
History Of

This chapter describes how gravity provided the backdrop for one of the most important paradigm shifts in the history of physics. Prior to Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity, trajectories were paths described by geometry. After the theory of general relativity, trajectories are paths caused by geometry. This chapter explains how Einstein arrived at his theory of gravity, relying on the space-time geometry of Hermann Minkowski, whose work he had originally harshly criticized. The confirmation of Einstein’s theory was one of the dramatic high points in twentieth-century history of physics when Arthur Eddington journeyed to an island off the coast of Africa to observe stellar deflections during a solar eclipse. If Galileo was the first rock star of physics, then Einstein was the first worldwide rock star of science.

Theory of Relativity, The

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam James Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
The Relationship

The Theory of Relativity is the name given to two separate theories put forth by Albert Einstein (1879–1955): ‘Special Relativity’ and ‘General Relativity’. When first published in 1905, Einstein’s ‘Theory of Special Relativity’ upended Newtonian Mechanics and was in agreement with James Clerk Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism. The theory opened up new avenues for particle physics and is thought to have ushered in the nuclear age. Relativity was also used to predict the existence of black holes and other cosmological phenomena. Special Relativity, Einstein’s theory of small particles, includes possibly the world’s most famous physics equation: E=mc², which predicts the relationship between mass and energy where energy is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by the speed of light squared.

Psychological Space-time Reinforcement Sensitivity Hypothesis & Mental Disorders: From Special to General Relativity Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Meriama Hansali Mebarki
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The reinforcement sensitivity theory lacks basic sources of any human experience :time, place, and learning contexts that have shaped the reinforcement; therefore I have assumed a missing link in Gray's framework based on special relativity relying on the «what, where, and when of happenning»? as major resources of human conscious experience, which under punishment or reward exceed the sensitivity to pleasant or unpleasant stimuli transcending therefore the Weber law, that's why I called it: Psychological Space-Time Reinforcement Sensitivity “PSTRS” axis. The lasts explains BAS and BIS systems sensitivity to reinforcement across the cognitive space-time continuum of episodic memory, and not only across the two great dimensions of fear/anxiety and defensive distance of the McNaughton & Corr model of 2004. So, based on the disruption of the high-sensitivity information processing system in the brain, the four-dimensional conscious experience is distorted by its underlying sources and context. Thus, one of the timedominating records prevents the individual from overcoming the present., such in depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (psychological sensitivity to the past). These temporal records clearly lose their sequence and associative nature in dissociative symptoms due to the disruption of the most important milestone on which Einstein's physics was based. Consequently, psychological space-time reinforcement sensitivity supposes that psychological disorders can be interpreted according to the laws of special relativity (acceleration / deceleration), but this seems more complicated when it comes to mental disorders where the self is disturbed on its spatio-temporal axis as observed in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia looks like a three-componements disorder characterized by a disruption of the experience of time, place and self, which could be asummed up as a “self space-time disturbance". Notably schizophrenic patients appear losing the ability to gather in a dynamic way these componements, as if the world seemed missig the gestalt characteristic or fragmented. The past felt like an inevitable destiny inhibits the direction towards the future; sometimes disorient the self to the point of feeling lost, as if the psychological time slows down to the point of feeling separated from the « now » the physical time. So are we dealing with an Euclidian space? The article attempts to provide a non-traditional interpretation of mental disorders by including general relativity in psychological studies, based on the neurobiological bases involved in the spatio-temporal processing of the conscious experience in the quantum brain.

The Unchanging Universe

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Demetris Nicolaides
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Time Continuum ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Block Universe

Heraclitus declares the being (that which exists, nature) but identifies it with becoming, but Parmenides declares just the Being; only what is, is, what is not, is not. All “follows” from that: change, he argues, is logically impossible and so what is, is one and unchangeable! This dazzling absolute monism is in daring disagreement with sense perception, but curiously it has found a well-known genius as a supporter. Emboldened by his theory of relativity, Einstein considers the universe as a four-dimensional “block” (a space-time continuum like a loaf of bread) which, remarkably, contains all moments of time (of past, present, and future) always, and where change is an illusion. He said, “For we convinced physicists, the distinction between past, present, and future is only an illusion, however persistent.” In the block universe, the past is not gone, it is present; and the future, like the present, is, well, present, too.

General relativity, language, and learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Briggs ◽  
Hans Halvorson ◽  
Andrew Steane
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
General Reader ◽  
Learning Space

General relativity is the theory of space, time, and gravity introduced by Albert Einstein. The chapter introduces the concepts of this theory, for a general reader, with a view to showing how they offer useful wider perspectives on language and learning. Space–time is an elusive reality, never directly perceived yet always the arena for what is perceived. When space–time is itself malleable and dynamic, our attempts to probe it are fraught with the difficulty that we don’t initially know even what type of question we may be asking. The empirical answers teach us what our questions really mean. This offers useful metaphors and lessons in thinking, especially to the more subtle and more demanding task of theological reflection.

scholarly journals Theory of General Relativity: Historical Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Ranjit Prasad Yadav
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Big Bang Model ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Theories Of Gravitation

General relativity was developed by Albert Einstein near about 100 Years ago. This article attempt to give an outline about the brief history of general theory of relativity and to understand the background to the theory we have to look at how theories of gravitation developed. Before the advent of GR, Newton's law of gravitation had been accepted for more than two hundred years as a valid description of the gravitational force between masses i.e. gravity was the result of an attractive force between massive objects. General relativity has developed in to an essential tool in modern astrophysics. It provides the foundation for the understanding of black holes, regions of space where gravitational attraction is strong that not even light can escape and also a part of the big bang model of cosmology.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v4i0.12358Academic Voices Vol.4 2014: 49-52

Physics and Geometry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Symmetry Property ◽  
Maxwell's Equations ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Relativistic Invariance ◽  
Henri Poincaré ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
French Mathematician

This chapter concerns the ongoing debate about the meaning of Einstein's theory in the formative years, with particular attention to the relation between physics and geometry. It also compares Einstein's thinking on this issue with that of the French mathematician and philosopher Henri Poincaré and deals with the role of symmetry in the theory of relativity—one of Einstein's enduring legacies. The role of symmetry becomes evident, for instance, in the lecture on special relativity, in which it is shown how relativistic invariance, a symmetry property of the spacetime continuum, shapes Maxwell's equations and other laws of physics. In the period under consideration, the understanding of symmetry is deepened by the emergence of Emmy Noether's famous theorems, for which the theory of general relativity was an important source of inspiration.

Bridgman, Percy William (1882–1961)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Suppe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Experimental Physics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Position

Bridgman founded high-pressure experimental physics and was committed to a classical empiricist view of science – a view challenged by twentieth-century developments in relativistic and quantum mechanics. He argued that developments in special relativity showed the experimental operations scientists performed were suitable substitutes for basic constituents of matter, thus founding operationalism, a methodological position which influenced logical positivism and, transformed beyond his recognition, was expropriated by the behaviourist school in the social sciences. As Bridgman grappled with the challenges of general relativity and quantum mechanics, he increasingly parted company with his positivistic and behaviourist followers by moving more towards subjectivist views of science and knowledge. These later views led him to see and explore intimate connections between foundations of scientific knowledge and human freedom.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document