scholarly journals Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
David Brydan
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Social State ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides an overview of the book and its core arguments. It introduces the history of Franco’s Spain, the nature of the regime, the idea of the Francoist ‘social state’, and Spain’s relationship with foreign powers and international organizations during the 1940s and 1950s. It introduces the history of internationalism and the scholarship surrounding it, exploring how the case of Spain furthers our understanding of the contested nature of internationalism, the continuities between pre- and post-1945 internationalism, and the role of technical experts and expertise. It also provides an overview of the book’s chapters, its use of sources, and its chronology.

The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
History Of

Virtually every important question of public policy today involves an international organization. From trade to intellectual property to health policy and beyond, governments interact with international organizations (IOs) in almost everything they do. Increasingly, individual citizens are directly affected by the work of IOs. This book gives an overview of the world of IOs today. It emphasizes both the practical aspects of their organization and operation, and the conceptual issues that arise at the junctures between nation-states and international authority, and between law and politics. While the focus is on inter-governmental organizations, the book also encompasses non-governmental organizations and public policy networks. The book first considers the main IOs and the kinds of problems they address. This includes chapters on the organizations that relate to trade, humanitarian aid, peace operations, and more, as well as chapters on the history of IOs. The book then looks at the constituent parts and internal functioning of IOs. The text also addresses the internal management of the organization, and includes chapters on the distribution of decision-making power within the organizations, the structure of their assemblies, the role of Secretaries-General and other heads, budgets and finance, and other elements of complex bureaucracies at the international level.

scholarly journals Współczesne stosunki polsko-rosyjskie: uwarunkowania, problemy, implikacje

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard ZIĘBA
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
European Security ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
International Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
International Role ◽  
Mutual Relations

Contemporary Polish-Russian relations are examined, taking into consideration the broad internal conditions in Poland and in Russia. Negative mutual stereotypes prevail in both countries, shaped in the course of a complicated history of mutual relations, while the concepts of international policies in both states are underdeveloped and divergent. Polish-Russian relations are increasingly more influenced by external conditions, such as the profound change Europe is going through and the evolution of the entire international order. The most important modern issues in Polish-Russian relations concern the persistent differences in the perception of the history of mutual relations, dissimilar concepts of the European security system, and energy security. The conditions of relations between Poland and Russia affect Poland’s ability to pursue its international interests in many areas: in relations with Russia and the CIS, in the forum of international organizations (NATO, EU, Council of Europe, OSCE and the UN), in relations with Poland’s closest allies and partners (Germany, France, U.S. and Ukraine). Finally, Polish-Russian relations influence the position and international role of Poland, limiting it when these relations are bad or augmenting it when they are good. Since late 2007 Poland has been trying to conduct a pragmatic policy and normalize its relations with Russia. In general, Polish-Russian reconciliation seems feasible.

From subjects to objects: Knowledge in International Relations theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bentley B. Allan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of

There has been a resurgence of interest in the role of scientific knowledge and expertise in International Relations, but it is not clear what the theoretical value-added of this work is. This article places recent work on scientific knowledge and expertise in a longer-term perspective. The history shows that knowledge has played an important role in International Relations theory since Carr and Morgenthau, but that thinking has been trapped within a simple conceptual framework centered on tracing how knowledge shapes the beliefs and interests of international subjects. This mode of theorizing first entered International Relations via Mannheim and has been further developed by Foucauldian and practice-based approaches since the 1990s. Outlining the history of knowledge from Carr through Haas to the present makes it possible to identify the distinctive contribution of recent work: whereas International Relations has focused on how knowledge shapes subjects such as states and international organizations, recent work by Corry, Sending, and others reorients International Relations to the constitution of governance objects. On the object-centered view, knowledge plays a key role in the construction of the hybrid entities like the economy and the climate that structure the landscape of international politics.

Part II History, Ch.5 International Organizations, 1945–Present

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimni Bhupinder
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Third World ◽  
World State ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Dimensions

This chapter primarily focuses on histories of post 1945 international organizations (IOs) told from different theoretical perspectives by political scientists and legal scholars. It is organized as follows. Section I discusses the mainstream history of IOs as told by liberal and neo-liberal scholars in the form of a narrative of progress. Section II briefly narrates three alternative stories about the role of IOs in the post 1945 period: third world, Marxist, and feminist histories of IOs. These histories i.e. mainstream and critical histories need not be read as mutually exclusive histories. In many ways these capture different dimensions of the history of IOs. Section III reflects on salient issues and themes that are the subject of current debates including the emergence of a nascent world state.

scholarly journals Franco's Internationalists

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brydan
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Public Health Medicine ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Social State ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

This book tells the story of the experts who sold the idea of Franco’s ‘social state’. Despite the repression, violence, and social hardship which characterized Spanish life in the 1940s and 1950s, the Franco regime sought to win popular support by promoting its apparent commitment to social justice. This book reveals the vital role which the idea of the social state also played in the regime’s ongoing search for international legitimacy. It shows how social experts, particularly those working in the fields of public health, medicine, and social insurance, were at the forefront of efforts to promote the regime to the outside world. By working with international organizations and transnational networks across Europe, Africa, and Latin America, they sought to sell the idea of Franco’s Spain as a respectable, modern, and socially just state. In doing so the book also seeks to disrupt our understanding of the modern history of internationalism. Exploring what it meant for Francoist experts to think and act internationally, it challenges dominant accounts of internationalism as a liberal, progressive movement by foregrounding the history of fascist, nationalist, imperialist, and religious forms of international cooperation. The case of Spain reveals the contested and heterogenous nature of mid-twentieth-century internationalism, characterized by the tumultuous interplay of overlapping global, regional, and imperial projects. It also brings into focus the overlooked continuities between international structures and projects before and after 1945.

Just Security in an Undergoverned World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Durch ◽  
Joris Larik ◽  
Richard Ponzio
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions

This chapter offers the context for the book, introducing its overarching theme of the need to address security and justice concerns simultaneously and with equivalent weight and urgency when facing the major threats, challenges, and opportunities for global governance in the present era. It looks at the history of international organizations in the last century and at the role of the United Nations, and summarizes the book’s chief research questions and arguments and how they also informed the choice of the book’s three main thematic baskets (violent conflict and state fragility, climate governance, and managing the hyperconnected global economy). It concludes by highlighting key points from the remaining chapters.

South Pacific

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Crowl
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Book History ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines book history in the anglophone South Pacific, focusing on how creative writing as well as reading developed from small localized efforts within systems of colonial management and then as part of international pressures to decolonize. The discussion begins with a look at the role of European missionaries in promoting literacy in the South Pacific, and how colonial administrators used missions in pacification and to provide education to Indigenous populations. The chapter then considers the publishing activities of colonial governments and how the history of the novel in the Pacific was shaped by regional and international organizations. It also describes publishing by nation states after independence and by groups and individuals despite numerous challenges.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of a family history of adenocarcinomas in patients with Barrett oesophagus

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A442-A442
Author(s):  
P TSIBOURIS ◽  
M HENDRICKSE ◽  
P ISAACS
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barrett Oesophagus

Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

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