The verbs ‘rain’ and ‘snow’ in Gallo-Romance, and other morphological mismatches in diachrony

2020 ◽  
pp. 385-402
Author(s):  
Martin Maiden
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Entire Word

The historical morphology of the verb ‘snow’ in Francoprovençal presents a conundrum, in that it is clearly analogically influenced by the verb ‘rain’, for obvious reasons of lexical semantic similarity, but the locus of that influence is not the ‘root’ (the ostensible bearer of lexical meaning) but desinential inflexion-class members, which are in principle independent of any lexical meaning. Similar morphological changes are also identified for other Gallo-Romance verbs. It seems, in effect, that speakers can identify exponents of the lexical meaning of word-forms in linear sequences larger than the apparent ‘morphemic’ composition of those word-forms, even when such a composition may seem prima facie transparent and obvious. It is argued that these facts are inherently incompatible with ‘constructivist’, morpheme-based, models of morphology, and strongly compatible with what have been called ‘abstractivist’ (‘word-and-paradigm’) approaches, which generally take entire word-forms as the primary units of morphological analysis.

scholarly journals Action of vanillin (Vanilla planifolia) on the morphology of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles after nerve injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Peretti ◽  
Juliana Sobral Antunes ◽  
Keli Lovison ◽  
Regina Inês Kunz ◽  
Lidyane Regina Gomes Castor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Fiber Atrophy ◽  
Oral Doses

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the action of vanillin (Vanilla planifolia) on the morphology of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles after peripheral nerve injury. Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups, with seven animals each: Control Group, Vanillin Group, Injury Group, and Injury + Vanillin Group. The Injury Group and the Injury + Vanillin Group animals were submitted to nerve injury by compression of the sciatic nerve; the Vanillin Group and Injury + Vanillin Group, were treated daily with oral doses of vanillin (150mg/kg) from the 3rd to the 21st day after induction of nerve injury. At the end of the experiment, the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were dissected and processed for light microscopy and submitted to morphological analysis. Results The nerve compression promoted morphological changes, typical of denervation, and the treatment with vanillin was responsible for different responses in the studied muscles. For the tibialis anterior, there was an increase in the number of satellite cells, central nuclei and fiber atrophy, as well as fascicular disorganization. In the soleus, only increased vascularization was observed, with no exacerbation of the morphological alterations in the fibers. Conclusion The treatment with vanillin promoted increase in intramuscular vascularization for the muscles studied, with pro-inflammatory potential for tibialis anterior, but not for soleus muscle.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Non-Traumatic Canalicular Peripheral Neuropathy of the Arm

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
F.A. Lupo ◽  
A. Paladini
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
The Cost

The term canalicular neuropathy is applied to nerve lesions arising on nerve segments passing through the osteofibrous canals or other narrow orifices and resulting in nerve compression and entrapment. We studied 31 patients referred to us for non-traumatic canalicular syndromes in the upper limbs. After clinical, electrophysiological and morphological analysis of each case, we emphasize the role of MR imaging in establishing prognosis and selecting treatment. Anatomosurgical specimens correlated well with MR features, whereas there was little correlation between electrophysiological severity and anatomical changes. In summary, canalicular neuropathy is a clinical syndrome. The aim of MR investigation is to document the morphological changes which will serve to institute appropriate treatment. When patients have clinical and electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy without MR demonstration of the nerve lesion, therapy will be conservative, thus saving the cost and risk of surgery. On the other hand, when clinical and electrophysiological findings are flanked by MR demonstration of the neuropathy, the disease is known to be advanced and surgery will be indicated to prevent neurotmesis.

scholarly journals Morphological analysis of cerium oxide stabilized nanoporous gold catalysts by soft X-ray ASAXS

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (72) ◽  
pp. 45344-45350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rumancev ◽  
A. R. von Gundlach ◽  
S. Baier ◽  
A. Wittstock ◽  
J. Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gold Catalyst ◽  
Gold Catalysts ◽  
Nanoporous Gold ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stabilizing Effect

Soft X-ray SAXS and ASAXS reveal nanostructural properties and temperature induced morphological changes in catalyst materials. The stabilizing effect of cerium oxide deposits on the gold catalyst and the morphological properties of the cerium oxide were determined.

scholarly journals The Homeric poems in Romanian attire. A diachronic analysis (II)

Diacronia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petre Gheorghe Bârlea
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
First Case ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Diachronic Analysis

In this article we continue the diachronic analysis of the Romanian versions of the Homeric poems, cf. Bârlea (2015c). The triple perspective of the approach is being maintained: a) the evolution of international Homeric studies, which facilitates evermore detailed and exact editions of the Homeric texts; b) the evolution of the literary Romanian language in the period considered (1837–2012), with some references to older periods; c) the differences between translational choices. This time we are concerned with more distinct domains in the language structure of the translations—phonological-morphological and lexical-semantic aspects. Special attention is paid to linguistic localizations, closely linked to the mentalities and historical realities of the Romanian space of circulation of these successive translations from Homer. In the first case, we have concentrated on the problems of orthography and stress, while in the second we have considered not only the diachronic distributions of word forms and meanings, but also their diastratic and diatopic location.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEPHROTOXICITY OF DOXORUBICIN AND NANOSTRUCTURED DOXORUBICIN IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSPLANTABLE CARCINOGENESIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
I. N. Chairkin ◽  
N. V. Chairkina ◽  
O. N. Deryabina ◽  
V. Y. Medvezhonkov ◽  
O. V. Kalmin
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

The study was carried out on 120 mongrel white laboratory rats, to whom were transplanted the ascitiс Zaidel's hepatoma and which were divided into three equal groups. Of these, the first group of animals was a control group without treatment. In the second group, to animals doxorubicin was injected, in the third group, nanostructured doxorubicin was injected to the animals for 21 days. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of morphological changes in the tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys under the influence of nanostructured doxorubicin and doxorubicin in the condition of transplantable carcinogenesis. Given the nephrotoxicity of the chemotherapy drugs studied, the dynamics of structural changes in the tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys was studied. Conducted a comparative morphological evaluation of the changes occurring in the kidneys. The results of a morphological study of the structural components of the kidneys prove that doxorubicin and nanostructured doxorubicin have different effects on both the tubular apparatus and the glomeruli of the kidneys in the condition of transient carcinogenesis. The use of doxorubicin is accompanied by a relatively pronounced nephrotoxic effect, which is indicated by dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the epithelium of convoluted tubules and the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys. The use of nanostructured doxorubicin is limited to moderately expressed dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the tubular apparatus of the kidneys, the glomerular apparatus remains intact at the same time. Thus, the use of the preparation of nanostructured doxorubicin for the treatment of the ascitic hepatoma of Zaidel in experimental animals has a less pronounced toxic and damaging effect on the renal parenchyma.

scholarly journals The morphological analysis and synthesis of word forms in the linguistic analyzer

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 558-564
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor Mengliyev ◽  
Shohida Shahabitdinova ◽  
Shahlo Khamroeva ◽  
Shakhnoza Gulyamova ◽  
Adiba Botirova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Word Forms

scholarly journals Building Corpus-Based Semantic Classifications of Some Tatar Affixes

10.29007/kcnh ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Nevzorova ◽  
Alfiia Galieva ◽  
Dzhavdet Suleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
New Words ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Contextual Environment ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
National Corpus

This study is aimed at exploring the semantic properties of Tatar affixes. Turkic languages have complicated morphology and syntax, which is a challenge for language processing.The fundamental principle of inflection and derivation in Tatar, as well as in other Turkic languages, is agglutination, when the stem joins postpositive affixes in a strictly determined order.The Tatar language has affixes of different types:a) derivational affixes expressing only lexical meaning and forming new words;b) inflectional affixes changing the word form (for example, case affixes);c) affixes serving as means of derivation as well as inflection.The current study is devoted to the ambiguous Tatar –lık polyfunctional affix which may be joined to nominal, adjectival and verbal stems and form derivatives of different types depending on contextual environment, the meaning of the stem and the composition of the affixal chain of a derivative. -Lık affix is a productive affix in modern Tatar which builds nominal, adjectival and verbal derivatives.The answer to the question of the number of the types of derivatives and word forms produced with -lık affix is not trivial, and different researchers distinguish different types of derivatives.Based on a thorough analysis of Tatar derivatives containing - lık affix we identified some empirical features of these constructs and then performed their manual and automatic classification. Four classes were distinguished. For our experiments we used data from the Tatar National Corpus “Tugan Tel” (http://corpus.antat.ru).The results obtained may be used for disambiguation in Tatar National Corpus and for analyzing other Tatar ambiguous affixes.

Analogy in Morphology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Core ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Formal Relationship

Analogy is traditionally regarded as one of the three main factors responsible for language change, along with sound change and borrowing. Whereas sound change is understood to be phonetically motivated and blind to structural patterns and semantic and functional relationships, analogy is licensed precisely by those patterns and relationships. In the Neogrammarian tradition, analogical change is regarded, at least largely, as a by-product of the normal operation (acquisition, representation, and use) of the mental grammar. Historical linguists commonly use proportional equations of the form A : B = C : X to represent analogical innovations, where A, B, and C are (sets of) word forms known to the innovator, who solves for X by discerning a formal relationship between A and B and then deductively arriving at a form that is related to C in the same way that B is related to A. Along with the core type of analogical change captured by proportional equations, most historical linguists include a number of other phenomena under the analogy umbrella. Some of these, such as paradigm leveling—the reduction or elimination of stem alternations in paradigms—are arguably largely proportional, but others such as contamination and folk etymology seem to have less to do with the normal operation of the mental grammar and instead involve some kind of interference among the mental representations of phonetically or semantically similar forms. The Neogrammarian approach to analogical change has been criticized and challenged on a variety of grounds, and a number of important scholars use the term “analogy” in a rather different sense, to refer to the role that phonological and/or semantic similarity play in the influence that forms exert on each other.

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