Emergent Chance

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-144
Author(s):  
Alastair Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Principal Principle ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Objective Chance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bridge Principles ◽  
Metaphysics Of Modality

This chapter offers a theory of objective chance in the Everettian context, often seen as the main challenge facing EQM. By supplementing diverging EQM with quantum modal realist bridge principles connecting the physics of quantum mechanics with the metaphysics of modality, we obtain a package deal: Indexicalism. Indexicalist objective chance is an essentially self-locating phenomenon: chances are chances of self-location within the multiverse. I provide three arguments for Indexicalism: it establishes the right qualitative connections between chance and possibility, it establishes the right quantitative connection between chance and prediction, and it establishes the right epistemological story about how quantum mechanics is confirmed by empirical evidence. The resulting theory of chance is naturalistic and reductive; fundamental reality is deterministic, but chance arises at the non-fundamental level of Everett-worldbound perspectives. The theory provides unique resources for motivating an Everettian version of Lewis’s Principal Principle, helping to clarify at last the persistently mysterious connection between chance and rational credence.

Humean Objective Chance

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-97
Author(s):  
Carl Hoefer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Principle ◽  
Rational Agents ◽  
The World ◽  
Objective Chance ◽  
The Right

In this chapter, Humean objective chance (HOC) is laid out and discussed using a number of examples. The theory can be summarized as follows: Chances are constituted by the existence of patterns in the mosaic of events in the world. These patterns are such as to make the adoption of credences identical to the chances rational in the absence of better information, if one is obliged to make guesses or bets concerning the outcomes of chance setups. The full set of objective chances in our world is a Best System composed of many kinds of chances, at various levels of scale and with varying kinds of support in the Humean base. What unifies all the chances is their ability to play the role of guiding credence, as codified in the Principal Principle. The Best System(s) involved in HOC are, as with Lewis, determined by a balance of simplicity and strength and fit; through examples, the right way to understand these notions is sketched. HOC is explicitly pragmatic and is tied to the needs and capacities of limited rational agents.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autoritarismo de Derechas en población colombiana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrain Garcia-Sanchez ◽  
Nelson Molina Valencia ◽  
Estefanía Buitrago ◽  
Zabdi Sanz ◽  
Valentina Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
The Right

El autoritarismo es un constructo ampliamente estudiado en psicología para investigar comportamientos políticos. Para su medición se suele usar la escala de autoritarismo de derechas (RWA), la cual tiene variaciones en sus propiedades psicométricas según cada contexto. En este artículo traducimos y adaptamos una versión reducida del autoritarismo de derechas al contexto colombiano. En dos estudios (NEstudio1=417;NEstudio2=396), identificamos tres dimensiones: agresión-autoritaria, sumisión-autoritaria y convencionalismo; y encontramos que la RWA estuvo asociada positivamente con: dominancia social, deshumanización del adversario, apoyo al conflicto, patriotismo, sexismo, homofobia y la prohibición de políticas sociales consideradas como liberales (e.g., aborto, matrimonio igualitario, eutanasia). Se aporta evidencia empírica a favor de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de RWA en el contexto colombiano. Authoritarianism is widely used construct to study political behaviors.For its measurement, researchers usually use the right authoritarianism scale (RWA), which has variations in its psychometric properties according to each context. In this article we translate and adapt a reduced version of RWA to the Colombian context. In two studies (NStudy1=417; NStudy2=396), we identified three dimensions: authoritarian-aggression, authoritarian-submission,and conventionalism. We also found that RWA was positively associated with: social dominance, dehumanization of the adversary, support for conflict, patriotism, sexism, homophobia and the prohibition of social policies considered liberal (e.g., abortion, equal marriage, euthanasia). Empirical evidence is provided in favor of the psychometric properties of the RWA scale in the Colombian context

scholarly journals Skill and strategic control

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Fridland
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Sports Psychology ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThis paper provides an account of the strategic control involved in skilled action. When I discuss strategic control, I have in mind the practical goals, plans, and strategies that skilled agents use in order to specify, structure, and organize their skilled actions, which they have learned through practice. The idea is that skilled agents are better than novices not only at implementing the intentions that they have but also at forming the right intentions. More specifically, skilled agents are able formulate and modify, adjust and adapt their practical intentions in ways that are appropriate, effective, and flexible given their overall goals. Further, to specify the kind of action plans that are involved in strategic control, I’ll rely on empirical evidence concerning mental practice and mental imagery from sports psychology as well as evidence highlighting the systematic differences in the cognitive representations of skills between experts and non-experts. I’ll claim that, together, this evidence suggests that the intentions that structure skilled actions are practical and not theoretical, that is, that they are perceptual and motor and not abstract, amodal, or linguistic. Importantly, despite their grounded nature, these plans are still personal-level, deliberate, rational states. That is, the practical intentions used to specify and structure skilled actions are best conceived of as higher-order, motor-modal structures, which can be manipulated and used by the agent for the purpose of reasoning, deliberation, decision-making and, of course, the actual online structuring and organizing of action.

Council House Sales and Residualization

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Williams ◽  
J. Sewel ◽  
F. Twine
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
General Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Right To Buy ◽  
Council House

ABSTRACTIt has been argued that council house sales will contribute towards a more general process of residualization of public sector housing. Empirical evidence is presented in this context derived from surveys of purchasers and non-purchasers of council dwellings in the city of Aberdeen. This evidence confirms that purchasers and non-purchasers exhibit different socio-economic characteristics and after only four years of the Right to Buy legislation significant numbers of households in social classes I, II and III have left the public sector via the mechanism of sales. The small number of sales relative to the stock as a whole, however, has meant that the overall contribution of sales towards residualization has been small. This evidence from Aberdeen is compared to evidence from elsewhere and related to the varying pattern of sales across the country as a whole.

scholarly journals The β-cyclodextrin/benzene complex and its hydrogen bonds – a theoretical study using molecular dynamics, quantum mechanics and COSMO-RS

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 118-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Erika Helga Köhler ◽  
Nicole Grczelschak-Mick
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Benzene Molecule ◽  
Glucose Unit ◽  
Hand Orientation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
The Right

Four highly ordered hydrogen-bonded models of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its inclusion complex with benzene were investigated by three different theoretical methods: classical quantum mechanics (QM) on AM1 and on the BP/TZVP-DISP3 level of approximation, and thirdly by classical molecular dynamics simulations (MD) at different temperatures (120 K and 273 to 300 K). The hydrogen bonds at the larger O2/O3 rim of empty β-CDs prefer the right-hand orientation, e.g., O3-H…O2-H in the same glucose unit and bifurcated towards …O4 and O3 of the next glucose unit on the right side. On AM1 level the complex energy was −2.75 kcal mol−1 when the benzene molecule was located parallel inside the β-CD cavity and −2.46 kcal mol−1 when it was positioned vertically. The AM1 HOMO/LUMO gap of the empty β-CD with about 12 eV is lowered to about 10 eV in the complex, in agreement with data from the literature. AM1 IR spectra displayed a splitting of the O–H frequencies of cyclodextrin upon complex formation. At the BP/TZVP-DISP3 level the parallel and vertical positions from the starting structures converged to a structure where benzene assumes a more oblique position (−20.16 kcal mol−1 and −20.22 kcal mol−1, resp.) as was reported in the literature. The character of the COSMO-RS σ-surface of β-CD was much more hydrophobic on its O6 rim than on its O2/O3 side when all hydrogen bonds were arranged in a concerted mode. This static QM picture of the β-CD/benzene complex at 0 K was extended by MD simulations. At 120 K benzene was mobile but always stayed inside the cavity of β-CD. The trajectories at 273, 280, 290 and 300 K certainly no longer displayed the highly ordered hydrogen bonds of β-CD and benzene occupied many different positions inside the cavity, before it left the β-CD finally at its O2/O3 side.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous data-processing optimization with CLARA’s adaptive workflow orchestrator

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 05020
Author(s):  
Vardan Gyurjyan ◽  
Sebastian Mancilla
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Streaming Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Adaptive Workflow ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
The Right

The hardware landscape used in HEP and NP is changing from homogeneous multi-core systems towards heterogeneous systems with many different computing units, each with their own characteristics. To achieve maximum performance with data processing, the main challenge is to place the right computing on the right hardware. In this paper, we discuss CLAS12 charge particle tracking workflow orchestration that allows us to utilize both CPU and GPU to improve the performance. The tracking application algorithm was decomposed into micro-services that are deployed on CPU and GPU processing units, where the best features of both are intelligently combined to achieve maximum performance. In this heterogeneous environment, CLARA aims to match the requirements of each micro-service to the strength of a CPU or a GPU architecture. A predefined execution of a micro-service on a CPU or a GPU may not be the most optimal solution due to the streaming data-quantum size and the data-quantum transfer latency between CPU and GPU. So, the CLARA workflow orchestrator is designed to dynamically assign micro-service execution to a CPU or a GPU, based on the online benchmark results analyzed for a period of real-time data-processing.

M&A vs. Greenfield

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Sana Moid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
International Market ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Right

The chapter has raised two critically important questions. First, is the M&A boom a one-time effect of privatization, or is it likely to be followed by a rise in Greenfield investment? Second, do these two types of FDI mode have different macroeconomic consequences in terms of aggregate investment and growth? The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze the two entry modes, mergers and acquisitions and Greenfield investment, specifically, and to present a comparative view of the same and how it leads to the economic growth of a nation. It is concluded that one should choose the right mode according to the different situation about the firms in the international market. The present chapter also concludes that Greenfields and M&As do have a positive homogenous effect on growth. Additionally, the enhancement of human capital is an important condition for the host countries to derive the maximum benefits from Greenfields and M&As. Also, there is empirical evidence of a two-way linkage between FDI and growth. However, the bidirectional relationship exists only for the M&A's growth nexus.

The Right to Privacy and the Protection of Personal Data in a Digital Era and the Age of Information

2012 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
William Bülow ◽  
Misse Wester
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

As information technology is becoming an integral part of modern society, there is a growing concern that too much data containing personal information is stored by different actors in society and that this could potentially be harmful for the individual. The aim of this contribution is to show how the extended use of ICT can affect the individual’s right to privacy and how the public perceives risks to privacy. Three points are raised in this chapter: first, if privacy is important from a philosophical perspective, how is this demonstrated by empirical evidence? Do individuals trust the different actors that control their personal information, and is there a consensus that privacy can and should be compromised in order to reach another value? Second, if compromises in privacy are warranted by increased safety, is this increased security supported by empirical evidence? Third, the authors will argue that privacy can indeed be a means to increase the safety of citizens and that the moral burden of ensuring and protecting privacy is a matter for policy makers, not individuals. In conclusion, the authors suggest that more nuanced discussion on the concepts of privacy and safety should be acknowledged and the importance of privacy must be seen as an important objective in the development and structure of ICT uses.

Improving Industrial Product Lifecycle Management by Semantic Data Federations

2012 ◽  
pp. 415-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Kunz ◽  
Benjamin Fabian ◽  
Markus Aleksy ◽  
Matthias Wauer ◽  
Daniel Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Distributed Information System ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Industrial Service ◽  
The Right

It is expected that the amount of product information available from the Internet of Things and Services will be so tremendous that the main challenge will be to provide the right information, at the right time, in the right place, and to the right people. This objective is addressed by Aletheia – a distributed Information System that enables the federation and semantic integration of very heterogeneous information sources. This chapter discusses the goals, functionality, and architecture of Aletheia, guided by a real-world case study in the industrial service sector and conducted in cooperation with ABB, a major company providing power and automation technologies, products, and services for utility and industry customers. Further, the authors discuss several issues from the Aletheia project experience they believe to be valuable for researchers and implementers of semantic data federation systems as well as practitioners in the industrial service sector.

Information Technology and the Internationalization of the Firm

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Michael J. Mol ◽  
Otto R. Koppius
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Global Sourcing ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Suitable Location ◽  
Future Information

A key concern for all multinationals is where to find a suitable location for their business activities, bearing in mind that they must find the right balance between global integration and local responsiveness. This article contributes to the internationalization debate by asking: in what sense will information technology enable globalization? We focus on the sourcing process, an area where globalization is often claimed to be the case. Re-examination of empirical evidence shows that global sourcing is not as generally predominant as is claimed. Consequently inhibitors to global integration exist and we classify these inhibitors into three categories: geographical, relational and environmental inhibitors. We then analyze the role information technology plays in reducing these inhibitors and formulate propositions that are then illustrated in two case studies. Information technology is proposed to reduce the geographical and relational inhibitors, but it will have no effect on environmental inhibitors. However, the latter category of inhibitors will become more prominent in the future. Information technology thus shifts the balance towards global integration, but simultaneously creates new problems in managing internationalization.

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