Spatio-temporal Perception and Boundaries of Self: Evaluation of Peripersonal Space in Schizotypy Traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S162-S163
Author(s):  
G. Di Cosmo ◽  
F. Fiori ◽  
F. Ferri ◽  
A. Salone ◽  
M. Corbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Space ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Interactive Behavior ◽  
Accurate Judgment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe peripersonal space is described as that area within the boundary between self and non-self. An accurate judgment of peripersonal space boundaries may depend on the capacity to create an organized and structured mental representation that integrates signals from different sensory modalities and brain regions. Empirical evidence suggests that these functions are altered in schizotypy, which is thought to reflect the subclinical expression of the symptoms of schizophrenia in the general population. A number of clinical studies reported that interpersonal interaction and social stimulation have an impact on the onset and progress of schizophrenia.ObjectivesWe conducted a study on personal space in a sample of student screened for schizotypal traits using a paradigm that was not affected by emotional and social interference.AimsThe aim was to evaluate the relationship between personal space and schizotypy traits.MethodsThirty-four subject recruited for the study completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). According to the SPQ results participants were splitted into two groups (High, Low). Each participant performed a PeriPersonal Space (PPS) task.ResultsOur results show a more extended boundary of the peripersonal space in people with high schizotypy compared to people with low schizotypy even without emotional and social interference.ConclusionsPeople with high traits of schizotypy suffer from a difficulty in social integration because of being unable to adapt the social behavior. A better understanding of the mechanisms for abnormal interactive behavior could provide significant valid guidelines for innovating insertion programs that aims to improve social functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Peripersonal space and schizophrenia: Looking for the self boundaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s806-s806
Author(s):  
M. Corbo ◽  
G. Di Cosmo ◽  
F. Ferri ◽  
A. Salone ◽  
D. Carlesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Space ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Interactive Behavior ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Individual

IntroductionPeripersonal space has been defined as the area immediately surrounding the body in which interactions with a person or an object can occur. Larger peripersonal space may reflect discomfort in close interpersonal situation or cognitive deficit. Individuals with schizophrenia are more sensitive to social stimulation. The capacity to provide accurate judgments of peripersonal space boundaries depend on the capacity to create an organized and structured mental representation that integrates signals from different sensory modalities and brain regions.ObjectivesWe conducted a study on personal space in patients with schizophrenia using a paradigm that was not affected by emotional and social interference.AimsWe aimed to investigate the characteristics of personal space in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWe recruited 20 schizophrenic patients according to DSM-V criterion and 20 healthy volunteers, matched by gender and age. Schizophrenic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Participants performed the peripersonal space (PPS) task. Collected data underwent statistical analyses.ResultsSchizophrenic patients demonstrate a stronger/weaker need for personal space, than the comparison group, depending on the score of negative and positive symptom, as assessed by using the PANSS even without emotional and social interference.ConclusionsInterpersonal interactions between the individual with schizophrenia and people in their immediate environment can lead to increased symptomatology. Social isolation is one of the most primary causes of poor quality of life in mental illnesses. Better understanding of the mechanisms for abnormal interactive behavior could provide significant valid guidelines for innovating intervention programs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Peripersonal space

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont ◽  
Andrea Serino ◽  
Hong Yu Wong ◽  
Alessandro Farnè
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Impact Prediction ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Affective Perception ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Research in cognitive neuroscience indicates that we process the space surrounding our body in a specific way, both for protecting our body from immediate danger and for interacting with the environment. This research has direct implications for philosophical issues as diverse as self-location, sensorimotor theories of perception, and affective perception. This chapter briefly describes the overall directions that some of these discussions might take. But, beforehand, it is important to fully grasp what the notion of peripersonal space involves. One of the most difficult questions that the field has had to face these past 30 years is to define peripersonal space. Although it bears some relations to the social notion of personal space, to the sensorimotor notion of reaching space and to the spatial notion of egocentric space, there is something unique about peripersonal space and the special way we represent it. One of the main challenges is thus to offer a satisfactory definition of peripersonal space that is specific enough to account for its peculiar spatial, multisensory, plastic, and motor properties. Emphasis can be put on perception or on action, but also on impact prediction or defence preparation. However, each new definition brings with it new methods to experimentally investigate peripersonal space. There is then the risk of losing the unity of the notion of peripersonal space within this multiplicity of conceptions and methods. This chapter offers an overview of the key notions in the field, the way they have been operationalized, and the questions they leave open.

scholarly journals Testing the adolescent social reorientation model using hierarchical growth curve modeling with parcellated fMRI data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cosme ◽  
John Coleman Flournoy ◽  
Jordan Livingston ◽  
Matthew D. Lieberman ◽  
Mirella Dapretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Task ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Brain Data

Adolescence is characterized as a period when social relationships and experiences shift toward peers. The social reorientation model of adolescence posits this shift is driven by neurobiological changes that increase the salience of status-related social information. We focused on two phenomena that are highly salient and dynamic during adolescence—social status and self-perception—and tested this hypothesis by examining longitudinal changes in neural responses during a self/other evaluation task. Using hierarchical growth curve modeling with parcellated whole-brain data, we found weak evidence for this hypothesis. Social brain regions showed increased responsivity across adolescence, but this trajectory wasn’t unique to status-related social information. Brain regions associated with self-focused cognition showed heightened responses during self-evaluation in the transition to mid-adolescence, especially for status-related social information. Together, these results qualify existing models of adolescent social reorientation and highlight the multifaceted changes in self and social development during adolescence.

Disrupted thalamo-orbitofrontal but not fronto-temporal white matter connectivity in people with schizotypal personality disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S103-S103
Author(s):  
T.Y. Lee ◽  
S.N. Kim ◽  
J.S. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

IntroductionDespite patients with schizophrenia showed the deficits in the fronto-temporal and thalamo-frontal connectivity, the white matter connectivity in patients with schizotypal personality disorder had not been systemically investigated.MethodsThis study involved 40 neuroleptic-naïve patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), 60 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), and 100 healthy controls (HC), and scanned on the 3T MRI scanner. Probablistic tractography was performed using the FATCAT software in AFNI. The target brain regions (bilateral lateral frontal, medial frontal, orbitofrontal, temporal and thalamus) were extracted from the automated segmentation and cortical parcellation. Cross-sectional comparisons in mean fractional anisotropy (FA) performed on the thalamo-lateral frontal, thalamo-medial frontal, thalamo-orbitofrontal, lateral frontal-temporal and orbitofrontal-temporal pathway. We also analyzed the relationship between the white matter pathway and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and GAF.ResultsThe diffusion tensor imaging showed that SCZ and SPD had decreased FA in the left thalamo-orbitofrontal pathway. However, SPD showed no alteration in the fronto-temporal pathway, despite SCZ showed decreased FA in the left temporo-orbitofrontal pathway. In SCZ, there were significant correlations between FA value in the left temporo-orbitofrontal pathway and negative symptoms score in PANSS and GAF score. However, SPD showed the trend level relationship between the GAF score and FA value in the left temporo-orbitofrontal pathway.ConclusionThese results suggest that the deficits in thalamo-frontal connectivity may be a trait marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, and the deficits in fronto-temporal connectivity may play a key role towards the vulnerability of psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Wittengstein's Private Language Argument: Does it Pass the Schizophrenic Mind Challenge?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S510-S511
Author(s):  
G. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Private Language Argument ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe private language argument was introduced by Ludwig Wittengstein in his Philosophical Investigations (1953). For Wittengstein, language is a rule-governed activity and a language in principle unintelligible to anyone but its originating user is impossible, as even the originator would fail to establish meanings for its putative signs. The private language argument is of paramount significance in modern debates about the nature of language and mind and continues to be disputed. Language disorder has been described since the first accounts of Schizophrenia. Multiple studies have reported anomalies at multiple levels of language processing, from lexical and syntactic particularities to the discourse field, as well as structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions that are involved with language perception and processing.Objectives and aimsWe aim to critically assess the Wittengstein's argument in the light of recent developments in neuroscience of language.Results and conclusionsWe conclude that in some patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, presenting a significant language impairment, one can infer a dysfunctional process, in which the language becomes progressively more private and the meaning of utterances harder to ascertain in the realm of interpersonal communication. The privatization of language might contribute to the social cognition deficits and the so-called negative symptomatology of these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Social Neuroscience of Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
A Value ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cooperative Decision Making

We review literature from several fields to describe common experimental tasks used to measure human cooperation as well as the theoretical models that have been used to characterize cooperative decision-making, as well as brain regions implicated in cooperation. Building on work in neuroeconomics, we suggest a value-based account may provide the most powerful understanding the psychology and neuroscience of group cooperation. We also review the role of individual differences and social context in shaping the mental processes that underlie cooperation and consider gaps in the literature and potential directions for future research on the social neuroscience of cooperation. We suggest that this multi-level approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mental and neural processes that underlie the decision to cooperate with others.

Unravelling the phenotypic tangle of autistic, schizotypal and social anxiety traits: A Network Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Zavlis ◽  
Myles Jones
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
General Adult Population

Substantial overlap exists between schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, with part of that overlap hypothesised to be due to comorbid social anxiety. The current paper investigates the interactions and factor structure of these disorders at a personality trait level, through the lens of a network model. The items of the Autism Quotient (AQ), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief-Revised (SPQ-BR), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (L-SAS) were combined and completed by 345 members of the general adult population. An Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) on the AQ-SPQ-BR combined inventory revealed two communities (factors), which reflected the general autism and schizotypal phenotypes. An additional EGA on all inventories validated the AQ-SPQ-BR factor structure and revealed another community, Social Anxiety (L-SAS). A Network Analysis (NA) on all inventories revealed several moderately central subscales, which collectively reflected the social-interpersonal impairments of the three disorders. The current results suggest that a combination of recent network- and traditional factor-analytic techniques may present a fruitful approach to understanding the underlying structure as well as relation of different psychopathologies.

Commentary

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy J. Miller ◽  
Grace E. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Personal Meanings ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Past Experiences

Chapter 12, “Commentary: Personalization,” discusses the process of personalization, based on the portraits presented in Chapters 8–11. Personalization is not just a matter of individual variation; it is a form of active engagement through which individuals endow imaginaries with personal meanings and refract the imaginary through their own experiences. The portraits illustrate how the social imaginary of childrearing and self-esteem entered into dialogue with the complex realities of people’s lives. Parents’ ability to implement their childrearing goals was constrained and enabled by their past experiences and by socioeconomic conditions. The individual children were developing different strategies of self-evaluation, different expectations about how affirming the world would be, and different self-defining interests, and their self-making varied, depending on the situation. Some children received diagnoses of low self-esteem as early as preschool.

scholarly journals Social exclusion increases the executive function of attention networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huoyin Zhang ◽  
Shiyunmeng Zhang ◽  
Jiachen Lu ◽  
Yi Lei ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

AbstractPrevious studies in humans have shown that brain regions activating social exclusion overlap with those related to attention. However, in the context of social exclusion, how does behavioral monitoring affect individual behavior? In this study, we used the Cyberball game to induce the social exclusion effect in a group of participants. To explore the influence of social exclusion on the attention network, we administered the Attention Network Test (ANT) and compared results for the three subsystems of the attention network (orienting, alerting, and executive control) between exclusion (N = 60) and inclusion (N = 60) groups. Compared with the inclusion group, the exclusion group showed shorter overall response time and better executive control performance, but no significant differences in orienting or alerting. The excluded individuals showed a stronger ability to detect and control conflicts. It appears that social exclusion does not always exert a negative influence on individuals. In future research, attention to network can be used as indicators of social exclusion. This may further reveal how social exclusion affects individuals' psychosomatic mechanisms.

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