Alan Bennett’s The Old Country (1977) and An Englishman Abroad (1983)
Theatre critic Michael Billington has spoken of Alan Bennett’s ‘peculiar radical nostalgia’ and described him as ‘a writer who believes in progress but who is irrevocably attached to his country’s cultural inheritance; and it’s specifically England, rather than Britain, that stirs his deepest sympathy’. This chapter analyses the radical nostalgia of two of Bennett’s dramatic characters, both traitors in exile: the Audenesque Hilary in The Old Country, who many people assumed was based on Kim Philby, and Guy Burgess in An Englishman Abroad. It probes the seeming paradox at the core of both plays, that these Soviet defectors continue imaginatively to inhabit, and long for, the country they betrayed. The chapter ends by quoting George Orwell’s essay The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius, in which he explains the nagging resilience of Englishness—something that leaves an indelible mark on the traveller and the traitor alike, the way Ithaca left its mark on Odysseus.