Ties that Bind

British Gods ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 23-50
Author(s):  
Steve Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Language Barriers ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Apparent Resistance

This chapter examines the relationship between local social structures and the popularity of religion through structured comparisons of three Scottish islands (Lewis, Orkney, and Shetland) and four Welsh villages. It also considers whether the apparent resistance of fishing and mining communities to secularization is best explained by the unpredictably dangerous nature of fishing and mining or by the relative isolation of those communities. It argues that, contra the view of some US sociologists, competition between churches, sects, and denominations weakens rather than strengthens religion. The enduringly religious parts of Britain remained so because they shared a common religion, and that consensus was possible because such communities were unusually socially homogenous and were relatively isolated (by geography and by language barriers) from the cultural mainstream.

Islam et structures sociales chez les immigrés Soninké en France

1979 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constant Hames
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Country ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Category ◽  
French Society ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Immigration ◽  
The Relationship

In spite of the fact that Islam represents the second largest religious community in France, as a result of the African Muslim immigration, we do not know anything about its dif ferent national components, nor about the reactions or the transformations it undergoes in a foreign country. This article presents a few elements of a survey devoted to the case of the Mauritanian Soninké. The author emphasizes the relationship which exists between religion and a certain social category, the moodi, i.e. those who are depositaries of religious knowledge. Religious action is seen under two aspects : Muslim teaching as it is provided by the moodi, on the one hand, and certain magic practices which claim to be attached more or less to Islam, on the other. While the latter practices enjoy the possibility of being spread through im migration, the teaching nevertheless continues to be given in the context of the homes that are provided for the immigrants. As a result, Islam seems to be advancing amidst the soninké immigration, except for the practices of ramadân. This is due not only to the permanent character of the soninké social structures which are reproduced during immigration — the moodi continue to play their role, but also to a shift in Muslim values, which tend to identify themselves with the sociological essence of the community which confronts a French society perceived as a danger for the soninké identity.

Centre/ing decolonial feminist psychology in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shose Kessi ◽  
Floretta Boonzaier
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Feminist Psychology ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Psychology as a discipline has historically served the interests of dominant groups in society. By contrast, contemporary trends in psychological work have emerged as a direct result of the impact of violent histories of slavery, genocide and colonisation. Hence, we propose that psychology, particularly in its social forms, as a discipline centred on the relationship between mind and society, is well placed to produce the critical knowledge and tools for imagining and promoting just and equitable social relationships and social structures. Starting with an overview of the historical assumptions of the discipline that served to legitimate systems of slavery, colonisation and apartheid, this article then introduces a framework for centring decolonial, feminist ways of doing psychological work with a focus on the particularities of the African context. We argue that a decolonial feminist approach to psychology curricula and psychological research is necessary for the discipline to remain relevant in contemporary African contexts.

scholarly journals Topography of social touching depends on emotional bonds between humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (45) ◽  
pp. 13811-13816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juulia T. Suvilehto ◽  
Enrico Glerean ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar ◽  
Riitta Hari ◽  
Lauri Nummenmaa
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Touch ◽  
Emotional Bonds ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Relationship

Nonhuman primates use social touch for maintenance and reinforcement of social structures, yet the role of social touch in human bonding in different reproductive, affiliative, and kinship-based relationships remains unresolved. Here we reveal quantified, relationship-specific maps of bodily regions where social touch is allowed in a large cross-cultural dataset (N = 1,368 from Finland, France, Italy, Russia, and the United Kingdom). Participants were shown front and back silhouettes of human bodies with a word denoting one member of their social network. They were asked to color, on separate trials, the bodily regions where each individual in their social network would be allowed to touch them. Across all tested cultures, the total bodily area where touching was allowed was linearly dependent (mean r2 = 0.54) on the emotional bond with the toucher, but independent of when that person was last encountered. Close acquaintances and family members were touched for more reasons than less familiar individuals. The bodily area others are allowed to touch thus represented, in a parametric fashion, the strength of the relationship-specific emotional bond. We propose that the spatial patterns of human social touch reflect an important mechanism supporting the maintenance of social bonds.

The Individual and Society

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bevir
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

What is the relationship of the individual to society? This paper argues it is one of mutual dependence. Individuals cannot hold beliefs or perform actions other than against the background of particular social structures. And social structures only influence, as opposed to restricting or deciding, the beliefs and decisions of individuals, so social structures can arise only out of performances by individuals. The grammar of our concepts shows it is a mistake to postulate a moment of origin when either individuals or social structures must have existed prior to the other. Our concepts of an individual and a social structure are vague, and this allows for their existence being dependent on one another.

scholarly journals Book Review: Dealing in Desires

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patara McKeen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Sector ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
International Interactions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This is a review of Kimberly Kay Hoang’s (2015) Dealing in Desire. Her ethnographic study observes four different bars in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: 1) Kong Sao Bar, 2) Naught Girls, 3) Secrets, and 4) Lavender. Hoang traces different representations of the global financial sector after the 2008 financial crisis and explores the relationship between Asian ascendancy and Western decline. From the local to the international, interactions with clients and hostesses in the bars of Ho Chi Minh City demonstrate a new global trend: the rise in transactions occurring among a global financial sector undefined by traditional social structures (e.g., commercial or national banks). By moving from observer to participant, Hoang develops a deeper understanding of the capital and labour practices that these men and women engage in, highlighting how their everyday experiences demonstrate that nightlife in the city is a way for locals to move up the socio-economic ladder.

scholarly journals CLARIFICATION OF SASA GOURMET POWDER ADVERTISEMENT TOWARDS INDONESIAN PERCEPTIONS: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jauhar Helmie ◽  
Arsyi Fadilah Al Khoeri ◽  
Euis Nursifa Laila Nugraha ◽  
Tassya Salsabila Ramadhiani
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Discourse Practice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Language Text

This research describes the advertisement of Sasa Gourmet Powder which clarify issues that develop in Indonesian society about the use of MSG that is harmful for health. The source data used in this research is a “Sasa Gourmet Powder Advertisement #NikmatiHidupSepenuhnya (2021)” which has 29 seconds in long. The advertisement selected is available on Youtube. The aims of this research to reveal the purpose about why this advertisement is made and the social conditions underlying the making of the advertisement. This research applies descriptive qualitative method, which describes and explains the social world phenomenon or events. One of types in qualitative research is text analysis. This research utilizes text analysis in Sasa Gourmet Powder using Discourse analysis approach. The theory that used in this research is about Three-Dimensional Approach by Fairclough (1995). This theory explain about the relationship exists between social structures and discourse, because discourse influences social conventions, while social structures influence discourse. It focuses on analysis of language text, discourse practice (texts production and interpretations of text), and sociocultural practice. This research found that Sasa Gourmet Powder advertisements are designed to bring a new packaging from the company and to clarify its problems about MSG that have spread in society. With this advertisement, Sasa wants to show the fact that the MSG product does not cause stupidity. Sasa explained that its MSG products are safe to consume provided the limits of use are appropriate. Its products were also safely and halalled certified.Keywords: Discourse analysis, Advertising discourse, Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional theory, Sasa Gourmet Powder.

scholarly journals Social Ontologies Online: The Representation of Social Structures on the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511769364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Krämer ◽  
Julia Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Data Structures ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Ontological Commitments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

It is commonly said that “there are” social structures on the Internet. But how can they exist there, how can we identify and classify them? A theoretical and methodological framework is presented that describes the relationship between data structures, algorithms, and different types of social structures. We suggest that the latter are “represented” online in different senses of the word: They are not only described, but, by manipulating data, social structures can also be constituted and modified. We then outline a methodology for the analysis of social structures on the Internet: By analyzing the practical meaning of the structures of Internet platforms, we can reconstruct their providers’ and users’ ontological commitments (i.e., what kinds of social structures they have to assume “there are”).

Smoke Screen

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Social Structures ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
The West ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents three cases that illustrate how the underlying drivers of wildland-urban interface (WUI) wildfires frequently mischaracterize the relative role of ecological and social structures of influence. The first case explores the rather unscientific origins of the term firestorm and the credibility it is afforded as a legitimate fire classification through its normative use and acceptance in mainstream fire discourse. This process diminishes the very social and profitable origins of the WUI fire problem and naturalizes these areas as a hazardous by-product of larger, exogenous, and inviolable environmental forces such as climate change. The second case examines recent efforts to study and explain the relationship between mountain pine beetles and fire activity in the western United States. The third case describes the deeply political and protracted process of challenging the economically powerful wood shingle and cedar shake industry. Collectively all three cases illustrate how contemporary discourses on fire tend to truncate the scope of what counts (or is allowed to be brought to the debate table) as an underlying driver of increased fire activity in the West.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Residential Space in Response to Changed Lifestyles: Focusing on the Characteristics of Residents and the Relationship between Individual and Family

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2006
Author(s):  
Hyun-ah Kwon ◽  
Soomi Kim
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Residential Space ◽  
The Relationship

The housing type of apartments, which has been spreading widely in South Korea, has penetrated deep into the domestic housing culture, thanks to the advantage of “convenience” resulting from the mass production of industrial capitalism that prioritizes functionality and efficiency. However, as capitalist social structures undergo transformation, in the 21st century, under a paradigm emphasizing creativity over functionality and efficiency, the characteristics of everyday life are also changing. Therefore, this study focuses on newly emerging lifestyles resulting from this transition of social structures. It analyzes the characteristics of residential space that reflect this trend, centering on “the characteristics of residents” and “the relationship between individual and family”. To this end, we compared lifestyle magazines aimed at the general public and architectural magazines aimed at architectural experts. Section 3 explores the changed lifestyles of residents by analyzing the articles containing interviews with residents in lifestyle magazines, while Section 4 focuses on the characteristics of residential spaces in reflecting these changes by analyzing houses and articles of architects and critics in architectural magazines. This analysis consistently brought forth the question of the limit of existing spaces of apartments and the desire to overcome them. A correspondence between residential spaces and the needs of everyday lives and lifestyles is a basic requirement for sustainable housing. Thus, the design of residential spaces will have to begin with a clear understanding of residents and their lifestyles, which can then be mapped onto the characteristics of residential spaces that can support them.

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