scholarly journals JD.com

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Lydia J Price ◽  
Liu Xiaowen ◽  
Ni Jing Hua
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Internet Business ◽  
Local Farmers

JD.com is one of China’s largest e-commerce companies, capturing more than a quarter of the country’s $600 billion B2C market in 2017. It is seeking to become one of the world’s most trusted companies and is working with local farmers’ cooperatives, the Chinese, and a local internet business owner to create a programme called Running Chicken to source free-range chickens at scale from low-income farmers in Wuyi County in northern Hebei Province. JD buys chickens at three times the average market price provided that strict standards are adhered to and monitored. The result has been increased farmer incomes that have raised hundreds of families out of poverty and removed Wuyi County from the national poverty list. Pilots are underway to replicate the programme in other poverty-stricken counties of China.

scholarly journals Local Farmer Perspectives on Improving Produce Distribution Networks in Low-Income Urban Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Kelley Koeppen ◽  
Dahiany Zayas-Toro ◽  
Nina Martin ◽  
Lisa Poirier ◽  
Emma Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Corner Store ◽  
Corner Stores ◽  
The City ◽  
Local Farmers

Abstract Objectives The Baltimore food system includes small hyper-local urban farms within city limits, larger local farms surrounding the city, and ubiquitous corner stores particularly in low-income neighborhoods of the city. In this system, farmers mainly reach consumers through farmer's markets that are only open for a limited number of hours per week, seasonally, and may not be adequate for meeting the needs of low-income households with low access to fresh produce. To address this gap, our team is working to develop a mobile application (app), called the Baltimore Urban food Distribution (BUD) app, that will provide a platform for farmers to sell their produce directly to corner stores for resale. Our present aims were to: (1) understand farmer's current interactions with corner stores; (2) explore perceived challenges that the BUD app may pose to farmers; and (3) pinpoint how the BUD app can sustainably expand farmers’ market base to include corner stores. Methods After designing a BUD app prototype based on formative research, 1-hour in-depth interviews were conducted with hyper-local and local farmers. Farmers were asked about their current distribution practices within Baltimore and perceived challenges in adopting the app. Farmers were then shown the prototype and asked to provide input on user-friendliness, and interest level in future use of the app. Results Local farmers currently have little to no interaction with corner stores. Interviews revealed that local farmers did not want the responsibility of delivering produce to corner stores due to long travel times. Choosing a central location for pickup by corner store owners, such as a farmer's market, could address this. Farmers liked app features such as product info pages and alerts for deals to support market expansion to corner stores. Social networking opportunities within the app can help foster sustainable relationships among local farmers and corner store owners. Conclusions A stronger distribution network is needed to facilitate increased access to fresh produce in low-income urban settings and strengthen connections between local farmers, corner stores, and consumers. Mobile technology offers a promising approach to improve food distribution between local farmers and corner stores and should be further explored. Funding Sources NHLBI, NIH, award number R34HL145368.

Strategic Approaches and Delivery of Affordable Housing in Nairobi City County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Sammy Kanjah Kimani ◽  
Janesther Karugu
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Government

Affordable housing system is a word used in Kenya to refer to that part of society whose revenue is below the average revenue of the family. Affordable housing becomes a main problem particularly in developing countries where it is not possible for a majority of the population to purchase homes at market price. Most individuals around the world live in towns and 1 billion live in slums, which will double by 2030. Urban populations are increasing at a pace that is much quicker than they can be consumed and managed, resulting in requirements on services and infrastructure that exceed supply. This leaves most inhabitants in many emerging market towns with few choices but living in slums. Increasing access to affordable housing of high quality has a deep effect on the person as well as on society as a whole. However, housing is a difficult and capital-intensive industry characterized by delays and regulatory problems, resulting in it rarely gaining the spotlight on impact investors and social entrepreneurs. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence the strategic approaches adopted by the government in delivering affordable housing in Kenya with specific focus on Nairobi County. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the influence of modern construction technologies, innovative housing financing, collaborative approach and legal and regulatory reforms in delivering affordable housing in Kenya with specific focus on Nairobi County. The research was anchored on the theory of monopoly rivalry, regulatory theory and the model of cooperative strategy. The research also demonstrated a conceptual framework for the connection between the factors. Descriptive research design was used in the study. For this research, the target population was officers in the county government concerned with a total of 106 homes. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling methods were utilized in selecting a sample size of 64, which represented 60 percent of the entire research population. Research used primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to officers by drop-down and later by selecting technique. Using SPSS (version 21), data gathered was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the use of modern construction technologies greatly influenced the delivery of affordable housing. The study also revealed that the innovative housing financing influenced the delivery of affordable housing to great extent. The study further found that the collaborative approaches had influenced the delivery of affordable housing by the government to a great extent. Based on the findings the study recommended that the government sensitize the developers to fully adopt modern technologies in construction of the houses, so as to reduce the costs of the houses. Additionally, the study recommended that the government come up with innovative financing such as allowing the access of pension benefits by individuals to help in financing the ownership of houses. The study also recommended that the government seek more collaborative opportunities such as through public private partnerships to help in realizing the goal of delivering affordable housing especially to the low income earners. 

Are Low-Income Consumers Willing to Pay for Fortification of a Commercially Produced Yogurt in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Agnew ◽  
Spencer Henson ◽  
Ying Cao
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Low Income Households

Background: There is an active debate over the potential for market-based strategies to address micronutrient deficiencies in low- and middle-income countries. However, there are questions over the viability of market-based strategies, reflecting limited evidence on the value that low-income households attach to the nutritional attributes of processed foods. Objective: The objective of this article is to investigate the willingness to pay of primary food purchasers in low-income households in rural Bangladesh for Shokti+, a nutritionally fortified yogurt produced and distributed by Grameen Danone Foods Limited. Methods: A real choice experiment with economic incentives was conducted with 1000 rural food purchasers sampled from the distribution area of Shokti+ in rural Bangladesh. The choices of respondents revealed attribute nonattendance, favoring the fortification attribute over price. Results: Results from a random parameter logit model found that respondents were willing to pay an average of 18 BDT (US$0.22) for fortification and 6 BDT (US$0.073) for brand name. The market price for Shokti+ at the time of the study was 10 BDT (US$0.12). The results from a random effects model suggest the magnitude of willingness to pay for fortification was primarily driven by the nutritional awareness of respondents but offset by household food insecurity. Conclusions: The article concludes that, while there is a viable market for fortified yogurt in rural Bangladesh, efforts to promote this product as a strategy to address micronutrient deficiency are best targeted at low-income households with some capacity to pay for low priced commercially produced foods.

Evaluating the Implementation of a Farmers’ Market Targeting WIC FMNP Participants

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanae Ball ◽  
Amy McCauley ◽  
Tracey Paul ◽  
Kenneth Gruber ◽  
Lauren Haldeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Farmers Market ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Coupon Redemption ◽  
Local Farmers

The present study planned and implemented a new farmers’ market (FM) at a WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) clinic in North Carolina, of which WIC FM Nutrition Program (FMNP) participants were the main priority population. The purpose of this FM was to provide convenience and improve access to locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables in the community and to increase the FMNP coupon redemption rate. The main objective of this study was to describe the overall process and key strategies involved in implementing a FM at a WIC clinic. A community-based participatory research design using different formative methods documented the process and key inputs in FM implementation. Local farmers, program administrators, and community advocates were involved in documenting the implementation process. Multiple formative methods included direct observation and semistructured interviews with staff and farmers (n = 13). A community partnership was key in implementing the FM. The market operated weekly over the course of 24 weeks, involved 12 WIC-approved farmers, and featured over 50 types of fresh fruits and vegetables. The FMNP coupon redemption rate at the county level increased from 51.3% to 62.9%. The results demonstrate that a FM can be successfully located near a WIC clinic with positive effects of increasing availability to fresh fruits and vegetables for a low-income population and revenue for local farmers.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status of fishers of the old Brahmaputra river in Mymensingh sadar upazila, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Imam Sayeda Saberin ◽  
Md Shaheed Reza ◽  
Md Abul Mansur ◽  
Md Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Small Family Size ◽  
Age Range

A survey was conducted to assess the socio-economic status of the fishers of the old Brahmaputra River in Mymensingh Sadar Upazila from April 2011 to March 2012. Data were collected from randomly selected 30 traditional fishermen of Kagdahor, Shambhuganj, Kawatkhali, BAU Campus, Shesmor, Sutiakhali, Char Kalibari, Char Ishwardia and Char Nilakshmia using a well-structured questionnaire. The research revealed that besides fishing, the fishers occasionally undertook a variety of non-fishery related activities. The average annual income ranged from 25,000-84,000 BDT which significantly depends on fishing effort, season of the year and market price of fish. Majority of them belonged to age range 15-30 years (59.25%). Almost 63% of the fishermen were illiterate and cannot write their names, while only 14.81% had received education up to primary level. It was also revealed that family size of 60% of the fishermen were medium consisting of 5-7 members while only 10% had small family size of 2-4 members. Despite their low income and large family sizes, 80% of the fishermen were living in semi-constructed houses. Sometimes for coping with adverse situation many of them took loans from different national and local NGOs like BRAC, ASSA. A declining trend of fish resources in the river and lack of working capital were identified as the major constrains for the fishers of the Old Brahmaputra River.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 229-235, December 2017

scholarly journals The digitalization of marketing for egg-based livestock SMEs in Sumberagung Village

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1489-1494
Author(s):  
Silvi Rushanti Widodo ◽  
Imam Safi’i ◽  
Heribertus Budi Santoso ◽  
Sri Rahayuningsih ◽  
Lolyka Dewi Indrasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Low Income ◽  
System Development ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Product Identity ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Chicken eggs are considered an important animal protein source and are easily accessible in terms of availability and affordability, particularly for low-income earners. Trade competition is a major problem facing the egg-based livestock SMEs in Sumberagung village. According to a particular business owner, marketing media is essential in creating more awareness and demands. This enterprise is managed independently, with the support of family members. Therefore, effective management principles are rarely applied. However, observation, discussion and problem-solving methods were employed, in addition to the waterfall system development model. The present research explored the Shopee e-commerce application to design a digital platform to market products and create extensive public awareness. The website also served as a faster medium to manage consumer requests directly. Therefore, the development of information systems is expected to boost SMEs productivity, create a wider product identity and compete favorably with other producers, with the potentials of increasing business profits.

Does Electoral Competition Exacerbate Interethnic or Interpartisan Economic Discrimination? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Market Price Bargaining

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTIN MICHELITCH
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Discrimination ◽  
Electoral Cycle ◽  
Show Evidence

Does political competition exacerbate economic discrimination between citizens on ethnic or partisan cleavages? Individuals often discriminate on group lines in ordinary economic activities, especially in low-income settings. Political competition, and thus mobilization of partisan and ethnic groups, waxes and wanes over the electoral cycle. This study therefore investigates discrimination over the electoral cycle in a commonplace yet consequential economic activity: market price bargaining. By conducting field experiments on taxi fare bargaining at three points in time around Ghana’s 2008 election, the research reveals that drivers accept lower prices from coethnics regardless of temporal proximity to the election. However, only at election time, drivers accept lower prices from copartisans and demand higher prices from noncopartisans. In sum, political competition affects commonplace economic transactions between citizens on the partisan cleavage. This study is the first to show evidence of interpartisan discrimination in everyday behavior and expands our knowledge of electoral cycle effects.

scholarly journals Implementasi Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2011 terhadap Kondisi Perumahan bagi Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah di Kota Medan

PERSPEKTIF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
H. Riza Sirait ◽  
Rudi Salam Sinaga ◽  
Maksum Syahri Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Common House

The purpose of this research is to Know and explain the results of the evaluation of the quality of housing conditions for low-income people (MBR) in Medan City, Know and explain the implementation of Law no. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlement Areas for MBR in Medan City, Knowing and explaining the supporting factors and obstacles to improving the quality of housing conditions for low-income people (MBR) in Medan City. This research is a qualitative design. The research approach is based on phenomenology and the constructivism paradigm in developing science. The results of the research are normatively Law no. 1 of 2011 has been quite effective in accommodating the provision of housing support for low-income families. Implementation of 1 Year 2011, there are still many problems, especially those related to the role and capacity of local governments, both in terms of commitment and funding, so it is necessary to develop derivative regulations related to local governments. There are still weaknesses in housing regulations, among others, related to the current income limit for MBR, which is relatively 35% higher than the average wage / salary income of people in Indonesia, as well as the benchmark for common house prices which are 44% lower in value than the market price in accordance with construction costs on the market.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Perception about the Use of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces and Their Genetic Erosion in South Wollo Administrative Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Silamlak Birhanu Abegaz ◽  
Faris Hailu Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Land Size ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Local Farmers

Genetic erosion can result in the loss of sorghum landrace genetic diversity. In the study areas, although it is generally believed that genetic erosion had occurred, there are no data on its amount and extent. Thus, this study is aimed to assess farmers’ perception about the use of sorghum landraces and their genetic erosion and to identify suggested reasons for the replacement of sorghum landraces. To this end, a field survey of 1200 farmers, randomly selected over the three districts (Tenta, Mekdela, and Delanta) during 2006 to 2015/2016 main cropping seasons, was undertaken. Structured questionnaire survey of households, focused group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations were used to collect data. Moreover, the data for samples collected during 1980 were obtained from the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI). Sorghum landrace history profile analysis indicated that there was an insight in the use of local varieties among local farmers over the past three or above decades. However, there is a reduction trend due to the different selection criteria described by farmers. “Kokita,” “Merar,” “Marchuke,” “Tinkish” (except for “Necho-Tinkish” and “Jofa-Tinkish”), and “Fesho” were totally excluded (lost) by local farmers attributed by home consumption preferences. The interviewed farmers indicated that genetic erosion had occurred. Genetic erosion of 100% was observed in white sorghum in Mekdela and 66.7% in Delanta and Tenta districts. Likewise, genetic erosion of red sorghum, 25%, 20%, and 75%, respectively, was detected in Tenta, Mekdela, and Delanta. For yellow sorghum grains, genetic erosion was 33.4% in Tenta and 66.7% in Mekdela and Delanta. Genetic erosion for “Tinkish” was found to be 66.7% in Tenta and 50% in Mekdela and Delanta. Based on farmer responses, genetic erosion was attributed to reduced benefits from landraces, drought, climate change, market price and demand, and reduction in land size. The actions of both natural and conscious selection on farm were also discussed in detail as genetic erosion scenarios. Therefore, attention should be given to conservation of farmers’ varieties in which involving farmers’ participation is very important in order to use their indigenous knowledge for conservation of FVs and on-farm conservation strategies should be practiced for FV sustainable use. Thus, genetic resource conservation is attained.

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