Cardiovascular system

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Green ◽  
Kirsten Huby
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body System ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Failure ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology

This chapter will outline the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and the changes that occur during childhood as this body system matures. Signs and symptoms of cardiovascular failure and nursing assessment and monitoring of the child will also be discussed. This knowledge will enable the nurse to recognize cardiovascular failure as early as possible and commence appropriate interventions. A range of interventions and clinical skills required for cardiovascular support are also explained, utilizing evidence-based guidelines. All aspects of care will be discussed using a family centred and child-friendly approach. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) introduced the use of essential skills clusters (ESC) to help pre-registration nursing students meet the standards of proficiency required for registration (NMC, 2007b). They are written from the perspective of what the public can expect of a newly qualified nurse and are designed to improve safe and effective practice. The information contained within this chapter covers aspects of most of the skills clusters. In particular, the underpinning principles from: care, compassion, and communication (1); organizational aspects of care (9, 10); infection prevention and control (22, 25, and 26); and nutrition and fluid management (29, 32) which are integrated throughout the discussion. At the end of this chapter you will: ● Understand the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and the changes that occur during childhood as this body system matures. ● Learn to recognize signs and symptoms of cardiovascular failure. ● Be familiar with nursing assessment and cardiovascular monitoring of the child. ● Understand how the nurse recognizes cardiovascular failure as early as possible and commences appropriate interventions. ● Begin to develop an understanding of the range of interventions and clinical skills required for cardiovascular support. The cardiovascular system is vital for supplying the tissues of the body with blood. This blood supply enables the needs of individual cells for oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste products to be met (metabolic demands). The body is also able to achieve these functions under a variety of circumstances: at rest or sleeping; during exertion through exercise; and during the extra demands placed on the body as a result of illness.

Teaching Systems Thinking for Advanced Family Nursing Practice: A Theory-Based Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Looman
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Student Development ◽  
Family Systems ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Family Nursing ◽  
Assessment Of Competence

Systems thinking is essential for advanced family nursing practice, yet this skill is complex and not innate. The Family Nursing Assessment and Intervention Map (FN-AIM) was developed to support student development of systems thinking competencies for Family Systems Nursing practice (see Marigold Family Case Study). The FN-AIM is a pedagogical tool grounded in a family systems framework for nursing with a focus on core family processes as a foundation for interventions. The FN-AIM was implemented as an educational tool to support student skill development as part of a graduate family nursing course in the United States. Through a self-assessment of competence in family nursing practice, 30 students demonstrated an enhanced ability to articulate the distinction between family as context and family as system approaches to family nursing after using the FN-AIM mapping approach. The FN-AIM may be a useful strategy for supporting systems thinking in preparation for clinical skills development in graduate nursing students.

What's Behind That Smile: Using Analogies, Facial Expressions, and Special Senses to Demonstrate the Interactions Between Body Systems in Anatomy and Physiology Lab Classes

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 661-667
Author(s):  
James Williamson ◽  
Cathy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
State College ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Hands On

Human anatomy and physiology classes for pre-nursing students at Gordon State College are taught using the body systems approach, focusing on one organ system in each learning unit. The body systems approach does not always generate a deeper understanding of the interdependence of organ systems. To address this issue we developed an analogy-based lab activity consisting of four modules (Module 1, cranial bone markings; Module 2, cranial nerves; Module 3, facial and neck muscles; and Module 4, inter-relationships that produce common activities, such as smiling, frowning, chewing, olfaction, vision, eyeball movements, gustation, etc.). Unlike traditional lab exercises that follow the body systems approach, this set of lab activities can emphasize the specific interactions between body systems for common body functions, such as smiling. This linking method utilizes a number of the hands-on lab activities featuring text, diagrams, and models. Assessment of these activities demonstrates that students can effectively learn the relationships between different organ systems by using a series of lab activities that emphasize creativity and fun.

The circulatory system

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 548-553
Author(s):  
Ian Peate
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body System ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Other Substances

The circulatory system transports blood around the body. The blood carries a number of other substances needed by the body to function effectively; the cardiovascular system keeps life pumping through the body. This article offers an overview of this essential body system. It is vital to understanding the various functions of the cardiovascular system, along with its various pathways of veins, arteries and capillaries when providing people with safe and effective care. A glossary of terms has been included. A short quiz at the end of the article has been provided to encourage recall and learning.

The study of anatomy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiological Anatomy ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
And Function

Human anatomy concerns the structure of the human body. Anatomy is often interpreted as the study of only those structures that can be seen with the naked eye (gross anatomy). Anatomy also covers the study of structure at the cellular (histology) and subcellular level (ultrastructure). The formation (embryology) and growth of anatomical structures (developmental anatomy) influence their organization, appearance, and their relationship to other structures and often explain gross anatomical arrangement. Historically, physiology (the study of the function of the body) was regarded as a separate subject from anatomy but the relationships between structure and function (functional anatomy) is critical to understanding how the body works at all levels. Most modern dental curricula now have some degree of integration between anatomy and physiology to emphasize their interrelationship in the study of the human body. It is impossible to recognize changes in structure brought about by disease and their clinical manifestations and effects on function without an understanding of healthy structure and function. It is impossible to use any surgical procedures effectively and safely without a good working knowledge of the anatomy of the relevant part of the body. In clinical work, internal structures often need to be located accurately even when they cannot be visualized directly. A good example of this is the need to be able to locate the nerves supplying the teeth in order to deliver local anaesthetic accurately prior to carrying out a restoration or extraction. Fortunately, most structures have a fairly constant relationship to surface features (surface anatomy) to allow their position to be determined with considerable accuracy. Information about deep structures can also be obtained by the use of imaging techniques such as X-rays or scanning technology. Interpretation of radiographs and scans requires knowledge of the radiographic appearance of normal body structures (radiological anatomy). Surface and radiological anatomy are obviously of great practical importance and are covered in the relevant sections of the book. The principal aim of this book is to provide you with sufficient practical information about the anatomy of the human body to form a basis on which to build your clinical skills and practice.

Theory-Practice Gap: The Experiences of Nigerian Nursing Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Dorothy Odetola ◽  
Olusola Oluwasola ◽  
Christoph Pimmer ◽  
Oluwafemi Dipeolu ◽  
Samson Oluwayemi Akande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Theory Practice Gap

The “disconnect” between the body of knowledge acquired in classroom settings and the application of this knowledge in clinical practice is one of the main reasons for professional fear, anxiety and feelings of incompetence among freshly graduated nurses. While the phenomenon of the theory-to-practice gap has been researched quite extensively in high-income country settings much less is known about nursing students’ experiences in a developing country context. To rectify this shortcoming, the qualitative study investigated the experiences of nursing students in their attempt to apply what they learn in classrooms in clinical learning contexts in seven sites in Nigeria. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data gained from eight focus group discussions (n = 80) with the students. The findings reveal a multifaceted theory-practice gap which plays out along four tensions: (1) procedural, i.e. the difference between practices from education institutions and the ones enacted in clinical wards – and contradictions that emerge even within one clinical setting; (2) political, i.e. conflicts that arise between students and clinical staff, especially personnel with a lower qualification profile than the degree that students pursue; (3) material, i.e. the disconnect between contemporary instruments and equipment available in schools and the lack thereof in clinical settings; and (4) temporal, i.e. restricted opportunities for supervised practice owing to time constraints in clinical settings in which education tends to be undervalued. Many of these aspects are linked to and aggravated by infrastructural limitations, which are typical for the setting of a developing country. Nursing students need to be prepared regarding how to deal with the identified procedural, political, material and temporal tensions before and while being immersed in clinical practice, and, in so doing, they need to be supported by educationally better qualified clinical staff.

DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF THE STATE OF THE ORGANISM BASED ON PHOTOPLETISMOGRAPHY USING TECHNOLOGIES OF DIGITAL ADAPTIVE FILTRATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Алексей Дмитриевич Акишин ◽  
Иван Павлович Семчук ◽  
Александр Петрович Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Adaptive Filtering ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Постоянно растущий интерес к разработке новых неинвазивных и безманжетных методов измерения параметров сердечной деятельности, использование которых давало бы возможность непрерывного и удаленного контроля сердечно-сосудистой системы, обуславливает актуальность данной работы. В многочисленных публикациях продолжаются обсуждения преимуществ и недостатков различных методов ранней диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Однако артефакты движения являются сильной помехой, мешающей точной оценке показателей функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы. Одним из перспективных методов контроля является метод оценки физиологических параметров с использованием фотоплетизмографии. Данная статья посвящена разработке устройства для фотоплетизмографических исследований и алгоритмических методов обработки регистрируемых сигналов для обеспечения мониторинга сердечного ритма с заданной точностью. В работе используются технологии цифровой адаптивной фильтрации полученных сигналов для мониторинга сердечного ритма в условиях внешних механических и электрических помеховых воздействий, ухудшающих точностные характеристики системы, а также разработана архитектура системы и изготовлен макет устройства, который позволил провести измерения для определения оптимального алгоритма цифровой обработки сигналов. При использовании устройства применялись методы адаптивной фильтрации на основе фильтров Винера, фильтров на основе метода наименьших квадратов и Калмановской фильтрации. Разработанное устройство для фотоплетизмографических исследований обеспечило возможность мониторинга сердечного ритма с заданной точностью, контроля текущего состояния организма и может быть использовано в качестве средства диагностики заболеваний сердца The constantly growing interest in the development of new non-invasive and cuff-free methods for measuring the parameters of cardiac activity, the use of which would give the possibility of continuous and remote monitoring of the cardiovascular system, determines the relevance of this work. Numerous publications continue to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, motion artifacts are a strong hindrance to the accurate assessment of the performance of the cardiovascular system. One of the promising control methods is the method for assessing physiological parameters using photoplethysmography. This article is devoted to the development of a device for photoplethysmographic studies and algorithmic methods for processing recorded signals to ensure monitoring of the heart rate with a given accuracy. The work uses technologies of digital adaptive filtering of the received signals to monitor the heart rate in conditions of external mechanical and electrical interference, which worsen the accuracy characteristics of the system, as well as the architecture of the system and a prototype of the device, which made it possible to carry out measurements to determine the optimal algorithm for digital signal processing. When using the device, the methods of adaptive filtering based on Wiener filters, filters based on the least squares method and Kalman filtering were used. The developed device for photoplethysmographic studies provided the ability to monitor the heart rate with a given accuracy, control the current state of the body and can be used as a means of diagnosing heart diseases

Clinical Skills in Children's Nursing

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Key Terms

Children's Nurses require excellent clinical skills to provide high quality care to children and young people across a range of different ages. After the first year of their training, children's nursing students must master skills of increasing complexity whilst developing clinical judgement and confidence. Therefore, it is vital that links are made to children's biology and development, family needs, legal issues and problem solving but until now, it has been hard to find all this in one place. Clinical Skills for Children's Nursing is designed for children's and general nursing students in second year onwards to facilitate the transition from closely supervised beginners, to qualified professionals. By clearly explaining essential principles, evidence and special considerations, this text helps students to build up their confidence, not just in performing skills, but also in decision-making in readiness for registration and beyond. Step-by-step guides to performing core and advanced procedures are presented in tables for easy comprehension and revision, illustrated by photographs and drawings. Each skill draws on the available evidence base, which is updated regularly on the accompanying Online Resource Centre. Uniquely, this text develops students' critical thinking skills and ability to deliver child centred care by providing clear links to anatomical, physiological and child development milestones as well as regular nursing alerts which help prevent readers from making common mistakes. Clearly reflecting the Nursing and Midwifery Council's Essential Skills Clusters for registration and beyond, Clinical Skills for Children's Nursing is designed to support student nurses develop into competent practitioners. Supported by a dedicated Online Resource Centre with up-to-date evidence, realistic scenarios, and a wealth of other tools. On the Online Resource Centre: For registered lecturers and mentors: - Figures from the book, ready to download and use in teaching material For students: - Evidence, guidelines and protocols, reviewed and updated every 6 months - Over 40 interactive scenarios - Active web links provide a gateway to the articles cited in the book - Flashcard glossary to help learn key terms

Indigenous Theory Building for Māori Children and Adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury and their Extended Family

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hinemoa Elder
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Indigenous Theory

Background: International research identifies indigeneity as a risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Aotearoa New Zealand studies show that mokopuna (grandchildren; used here to encompass the ages and stages of infant, child and adolescent development and those in young adulthood) are significantly overrepresented in TBI populations. The important role of whānau (family) is also well established in child and adolescent TBI scholarship. Despite awareness of these factors, no studies have been identified that explore whānau knowledge about mokopuna TBI. The aim of this study was to explore two questions: (1) What do Māori people say about mokopuna TBI in the context of the Māori cultural belief that the head is the most sacred part of the body? and (2) How could this information be used to build theory that could inform addressing the rehabilitation needs of this group?Method: Eighteen marae wānanga (culture-specific fora in traditional meeting houses) were held. The wānanga typically lasted approximately 2 hours. Footage and written transcripts were analysed using Rangahau Kaupapa Māori (Māori indigenous research methods).Results: The wairua theory of mokopuna TBI proposes that TBI not only injures brain anatomy and physiology but also injures wairua (defined here as a unique connection between Māori and all aspects of the universe). Injury to wairua means that culturally determined interventions are both indicated and expected. The wairua theory of mokopuna TBI thereby provides a guide to intervention.Conclusion: A Māori theory of mokopuna TBI has been identified which describes a culture-specific aspect of TBI. This theory proposes that pre-existing whānau knowledge salient to TBI is critical to optimising recovery. Further research is needed to test this theory not only in TBI but also in other areas such as in mental illness, neurodegenerative disease and addiction.

TAMI-01. BRAIN METASTASES: CURRENT LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi198-vi198
Author(s):  
Ruchi Raval ◽  
Aadi Pandya ◽  
Jaspreet Behl ◽  
Sumul Raval
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
The Brain

Abstract PURPOSE As more information is gathered about brain metastases, it still remains that the current prognosis of brain metastases is very poor. Due to this, it is imperative that physicians are aware of the most important components regarding brain metastases. This literature review will encompass the most current literature in order to highlight the most crucial information. METHODS All mentioned studies and literature reviews cited in the paper were obtained through various sites, and were published between 1996 and 2017. The main components that were required from the papers reviewed included where in the body the brain metastases originated from, where in the brain they tended to spread to, what the signs and symptoms typical of patients with brain metastases are, and what the options are in terms of treatment. RESULTS Using the results from a variety of studies performed within the past three decades, it is apparent that brain metastases most commonly originate from, in order of increasing frequency, lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. In addition, it is reaffirmed that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best diagnostic tool to be used when dealing with brain metastases. The most frequent signs and symptoms of a brain metastases include cognitive changes, headaches, weakness, and seizures. Finally, supportive treatment includes use of corticosteroids, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and anticoagulation therapy. Definitive treatment for brain metastases varies based on size, location, and prevalence in the brain, but the most effective options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. CONCLUSIONS The study’s results confirm the need for more research to be done regarding brain metastases, and better options to increase the survival of patients.

scholarly journals Introductory anatomy and physiology in an undergraduate nursing curriculum

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Brown ◽  
S. White ◽  
N. Power
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
High Achievers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Human Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
High Achieving

Using an educational data mining approach, first-year academic achievement of undergraduate nursing students, which included two compulsory courses in introductory human anatomy and physiology, was compared with achievement in a final semester course that transitioned students into the workplace. We hypothesized that students could be grouped according to their first-year academic achievement using a two-step cluster analysis method and that grades achieved in the human anatomy and physiology courses would be strong predictors of overall achievement. One cohort that graduated in 2014 ( n = 105) and one that graduated in 2015 ( n = 94) were analyzed separately, and for both cohorts, two groups were identified, these being “high achievers” (HIGH) and “low achievers” (LOW). Consistently, the anatomy and physiology courses were the strongest predictors of group assignment, such that a good grade in these was much more likely to put a student into a high-achieving group. Students in the HIGH groups also scored higher in the Transition to Nursing course when compared with students in the LOW groups. The higher predictor importance of the anatomy and physiology courses suggested that if a first-year grade-point average was calculated for students, an increased weighting should be attributed to these courses. Identifying high-achieving students based on first-year academic scores may be a useful method to predict future academic performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document