Can You Compute?

Digitized ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Bentley

Created by pioneering mathematicians and engineers during times of political unrest and war, computers are more than electronic machines. Underneath the myriad complicated circuits and software glows a mathematical purity that is simplicity itself. The maths at the root of computers illuminates the nature of reality itself. Today explorers of the impossible still compete to find the limits in our universe. With a revolution in mathematics and technology and a million dollars at stake, who can blame them? . . . It was 1926 and the General Strike was taking place in England because of disputes over coal miners’ pay. There were no buses or trains running. Fourteen-year-old Alan Turing was supposed to be starting at a grand boarding school: Sherborne in Dorset. Yet he was living in Southampton, some sixty miles away. Many children would have simply waited for the ten-day strike to finish and have a longer holiday. Not Turing. He got on his bike and began cycling. It took him two days, with a stay in a little hotel halfway, but young Turing made it to his new school on time. Turing’s independence may have stemmed from the fact that he and his older brother John had seen little of their parents while growing up. Both parents were based in India, but decided their children should be educated in England. The boys were left with friends of the family in England until their father retired and returned in 1926—just as Turing made his way to the new school. It was an impressive start, but Alan Turing didn’t do very well at his new school—he never had in any previous school. His handwriting was terrible, his written English poor. His English teacher said, ‘I can forgive his writing, though it is the worst I have ever seen, and I try to view tolerantly his unswerving inexactitude and slipshod, dirty, work . . .’ The Latin teacher was not much more approving. ‘He is ludicrously behind.’ The problem was that Turing didn’t pay attention to the curriculum being taught. Instead he spent more time following his own interests.

Author(s):  
Sir John Dermot Turing

My uncle, Alan Turing, was not a well-dressed man. It is a tribute to those who employed him that he was able to flourish in environments that ignored his refusal to comply with social norms as much as he disregarded mindless social conventions. Social conventions, however, became an increasingly powerful influence over his life. Here I retell the story from the family perspective. There is an old photograph in the family album that shows Alan in his last years at Sherborne (Fig. 2.1). It was taken in June 1930—a few months after his friend Christopher Morcom’s death—and Alan looks relaxed and happy. But his trousers are a complete disgrace. It is not clear who took the picture, but the timing suggests that it was done at Commemoration, the annual festival at Sherborne to which parents and dignitaries are invited, and where boys, particularly senior boys, should be smartly turned-out. Ordinarily, Alan’s mother (my grandmother) would have intervened and spruced him up. But given that Alan was, like other boarding-school boys, responsible for his own clothes, she probably had no control over him any more, if indeed she ever had done. My grandmother had had little direct control over Alan during his formative years. My grandfather was serving the Empire in India, and she, as a good memsahib, was expected to be with him to run his household. (From the distance of a century or so, this seems a waste of talent, for my grandmother had a formidable intellect as well as many other gifts, and in a later age would probably have become a scientist of distinction.) So Alan was deposited in England with foster parents in St Leonards-on-Sea, and at nine years of age was sent off to a prep school called Hazelhurst, near Frant in Sussex. School seems to have been a reasonably good experience for him—at least in his first term. There was the incident of the geography test. At that time my father, being four years older than Alan, was in the top form while Alan was in the bottom one. The whole school was made to do a geography test. Turing 1 (my father) got 59 marks and Turing 2 (Alan) got 77; my father considered this a thoroughly bad show.


Author(s):  
Солдатов ◽  
D. Soldatov ◽  
Жильцова ◽  
O. Zhiltsova

The article reflects the results of the comparative empirical research of the motivational component of the adolescents’ image of the future (temporal prospective), who live in different "social situations of development", namely growing up in a family environment, and deprived from the family care. The empirical study was conducted using the MIM techniques (J. Nutten) in groups of adolescents contrast on the basis of place of residence and education: in families or in state institutions (social orphanage, boarding school, orphanage). The study revealed significant differences in motivational tendencies in the contrast groups of adolescents. The authors come to the conclusion that there consistently appear specific motivational tendencies in adolescents left without parental care, the ones that distort and inhibit personal growth, creating risk of vital failure, and therefore require well-timed psychological correction.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Akhmad roja Badrus Zaman

The Qur'an is truly a holy book containing moral teachings to guide people to the straight path. It's just that, when the Qur'an is consumed by the public, the book experiences a paradigm shift so that it is treated, received, and expressed differently according to their respective knowledge and beliefs. That expression, of course, is a concrete indicator that the Qur'an is a holy book which is always in harmony with all situations and conditions (ṣālih li kulli zamān wa makān). The model and style of the reception even now continue to be expressed and preserved by the family of Ponpes Al-Hidayah Karangsuci, Purwokerto. This study aims to determine the variety of Al-Qur'an receptions in Ponpes and try to understand the meaning inherent in it. This research was designed with qualitative methods and included in field research. In obtaining data, the instruments that researchers use are in-depth interviews, observations, and studies of related documents. The analysis used by researchers is as presented by Mohd. Soehadha, namely by reducing data, displaying data, and drawing conclusions. In clarifying the validity of the data, the researcher extends the participation and triangulation of sources and methods. From the research conducted, the results obtained include: (1) a variety of Al-Qur'an receptions in the Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School Karangsuci Purwokerto, (2) The meanings inherent in the reception variety, among others: objective meaning, expressive meaning, and documentary meaning. The objective meaning is to conclude that the variety of reception behavior at the Islamic boarding school is a symbol of compliance and injustice to the regulations of the boarding school. The expressive meaning is a form of self-internalization with positive things through the continuous learning process of the Qur'an, and the meaning of the documentary is a form of local contextualization of the whole cultural system.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Clark

The pressure of family identity and politics affected more than one generation of Burneys. Beyond Frances Burney, and her intense relationship with her father Charles Burney, were other family members who also felt the pressure to “write & read & be literary.” These tendencies can be seen most clearly in the works of juvenilia preserved in the family archive. A commonplace book bound in vellum has been discovered that preserves more than one hundred poems, mostly original compositions written by family and friends. The activity of commonplacing reflects a community in which reading and writing are valued. Collected by the youngest sister of Frances Burney, they seem to have been copied after she married. The juvenile writings of her nieces and nephews preponderate, whose talents were encouraged, as they give versified expression to their deepest feelings and fears. Literary influences of the Romantic poets can be traced, as the young authors define themselves in relation to these materials. Reflecting a kind of self-fashioning, the commonplace book helps these young writers explore their sense of family identity through literary form. This compilation represents a collective expression of authorship which can inform us about reading and writing practices of women and their families in the eighteenth century.


2018 ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Kristen Hoerl

This chapter argues that the television programs Family Ties and The Wonder Years advanced the neoconservative politics of the eighties even as they appeared to evince halting nostalgia for sixties-era dissent. The caricature of the hippie-turned-yuppie in eighties era television teaches viewers that radical beliefs, countercultural lifestyles, and women’s liberation were forms of youthful indiscretion that the baby boomer generation learned to outgrow. These programs recentered the family as the site of individual agency and moral activism, giving televisual form to the ideas undergirding neoliberalism and postfeminism.


2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
John M. Richardson

Trips to the theatre are a regular feature of many high school language arts programs, and yet the experience of watching a play is often significantly different for a teacher than it is for a student. Placing “theatre literacy” within the context of the New London Group’s definition of multiliteracies, and drawing on the work of Lankshear and Knobel as well as audience studies theorists, this article compares how a 17 year-old girl and a 43 year-old English teacher respond to a series of plays, and considers how growing up in a wireless world shapes adolescents’ understanding of live theatre.


Author(s):  
Lisa Lau

This chapter explores factors that influence the current divisiveness in sociopolitical discourse and rhetoric in the Chinese American community and, in particular, the family unit. The findings contribute to understanding the origins of ideological differences that reflect the polarization facing the U.S. at large. The author integrates her experience and knowledge of the community and draws on a range of literature on Chinese culture, sociolinguistics, and psychological theories to identify three themes that influence the world views and modes of communication of many first-generation Chinese Americans: an authoritarian orientation, a polarized psychology, and a national origin orientation. Utilizing an autobiographical research approach that combines phenomenology and autoethnography, the author captures the trauma of her parents growing up during the Chinese Communist Revolution to bring awareness to disruptive events that shape cognitive processes that underlie the three themes and contribute to the current discordance in intergenerational discourse.


2018 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian I. O'Toole ◽  
Mark Dadds ◽  
Melanie J. Burton ◽  
Alice Rothwell ◽  
Stanley V. Catts

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 83-116

Gordon Roy Cameron was born in Australia on 30 June 1899 at Echuca, a small town on the Victoria side of one of the bends on the Murray River. His father, George Cameron, was then a Methodist minister at a small village called Wamboota. George Cameron’s parents (Grandfather Cameron and his wife, earlier a Miss Miller) who came of hard-working farming stock in Dyce, Aberdeenshire, with forbears in Inverness and Fort Augustus, had left Aberdeen for Australia the day after their marriage early in the 1870’s and taken up land in Minlaton in St Vincent’s peninsula, South Australia. They had eleven children, of whom George Cameron was the eldest; he seems to have had a hard life on the farm. When he was twelve years old the Government of Victoria began opening up the Mallee area in northern Victoria, and he and his father each drove a wagon containing members of the family and their few goods over the 500 miles trek—much of it over uncleared scrub, desert and hill country—from Minlaton to the Mallee area, where they took up about a hundred acres of scrub to make a farm, later extended to some two thousand acres. There they and their neighbours built the mud house that still survived in 1920. Some fourteen years later the farm was going well, the younger children were growing up, and George Cameron, who had recently taken part in Bible Christian services and had developed a reputation as a local preacher, decided to join the Bible Christians as a candidate for the Ministry. In due course he was appointed to a circuit as a probationer in Horsham, North Victoria, where he met Emily Pascoe, whom he later married.


1967 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 56-77 ◽  

John Henry Gaddum was born on 31 March 1900 in Hale, Cheshire, the eldest child of Henry Edwin Gaddum and Phyllis Mary née Barratt. He had three brothers and two sisters. His father was a silk importer whose main energies were devoted to charitable work in Manchester, where he was a Justice of the Peace, and Chairman of many of the leading charitable committees. He got them all together in a house which was later called Gaddum House. Manchester University honoured him by giving him an honorary M.A. About his father, Gaddum wrote: ‘As the eldest I got more help from him than did the rest of the family. He made me fond of riding and natural history, and taught me to use my hands. He constructed a large sundial which was also a summer house, and which told the correct time to within about a minute at all times of the year—making due allowance for the apparent irregularities of the sun at different times of the year. It also told the day of the year. He was fond of sketching and taught me to draw— but not very successfully. He made me fond of long walks in Wales and Switzerland, and of swimming and sailing.’ John Gaddum’s maternal grandfather, Alfred Barratt, was, as Gaddum wrote, a clever man. He went from Rugby to Balliol, Oxford, under Jowett, and there achieved what was then a record in examinations: a double first in Moderations followed by First Class in Classics, Mathematics and Modern History. He wrote two books on philosophy and died young (35). A first cousin of Gaddum’s mother was Sir Samuel Hoare, later Lord Templewood, at one time Foreign Secretary and Ambassador to Spain. Another first cousin of his mother was Dick Acland, who was Bishop of Bombay and by whom he was married. A first cousin of his father, Grace Joynson, married William Hicks, who became Lord Brentford and who was Home Secretary at the time of the General Strike in 1926.


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