Oral cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Robinson ◽  
Keith Hunter ◽  
Michael Pemberton ◽  
Philip Sloan
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Minor Salivary Gland ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa

The term ‘oral cancer’ encompasses all malignant neoplasms affecting the oral cavity. The majority, greater than 90%, are squamous cell car¬cinomas. The remainder are uncommon and comprise minor salivary gland adenocarcinomas, malignant melanoma, sarcomas, haemato-logical malignancies, and metastases to the oral cavity from cancers at other sites. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the lining mucosa of the oral cavity. The tumour shows vary¬ing degrees of squamous differentiation and is characterized by invasion of local structures and metastasis to regional lymph nodes, followed by metastasis to other organ systems (e.g. lungs and bones) later in the course of the disease. Epidemiological data pertaining to oral cancer can be difficult to evalu¬ate because of variations in the methods of data collection (Box 3.1). Notwithstanding these confounding variables, a database produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (GLOBOCAN), esti-mated there were over 400,000 new cases of lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer worldwide in 2012, placing the disease in ninth position with breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, cervical, stomach, liver, and uterine cancer being more common. These data suggest that oral cancer is uncommon, but there are enormous variations worldwide. Whereas oral cancer is relatively uncommon in the UK, accounting for 2% of all cancers, in India and parts of South-East Asia it is the most common malignant neoplasm and accounts for around a third of all cancers. Furthermore, the incidence rates for large countries, such as India and the USA, conceal regional and ethnic variations. For example, incidence rates tend to be higher in urban as opposed to rural communities, and in the USA are higher for blacks than whites. In the United Kingdom, inci¬dence rates are slightly higher in Scotland than in England and Wales. In the United Kingdom the incidence of oral cancer is 9 per 100,000 of the population, which represents around 6,800 new cases per annum. The disease is more common in men than in women; the male:female ratio is currently 2:1. Oral cancer incidence increases with age, and the majority of cases (greater than two-thirds) are diagnosed after the age of 50 years old; less than 5% occur in individuals below the age of 40 years old.

Histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions – A tertiary care experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Ishani Gupta ◽  
Rekha Rani ◽  
Jyotsna Suri
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year

Oral cancer is one of a major health problem in some parts of the world especially in the developing countries. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world whereas in India it is one of the most prevalent cancer. Oral cavity lesions are usually asymptomatic. Accurate diagnosis of the lesion is the first step for the proper management of patients and histopathology is considered as the gold standard. The objective is to study the different patterns of oral cavity lesions seen in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu: One year retrospective study. Post graduate department of pathology.: It was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care centre for a period of one year from March 2020 to Feb 2021. 148 cases of oral cavity lesions were included in this study. The parameters that were included in the study were sociodemographic data, site of the lesion, clinical features and histological diagnosis. Data collected was analysed.148 cases of oral lesions were identified during the period of study. The age of patients varied from 5 to 78years and Male to Female ratio was 2.2:1. Buccal mucosa (30%) was the most common site involved which was followed by tonsil (19%). Out of 148 cases 70 cases were malignant, 10 cases pre malignant and 21 cases were benign. Squamous cell carcinoma (33.7%) was the most common lesion present in our study. Oral cavity lesions have a vast spectrum of diseases which range from tumour like lesions to benign and malignant tumours. Our study concluded that squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion of oral cavity. Histological typing of the lesion is important for confirmation of malignancy and it is essential for the proper management of the patient.

Kaolin and halloysite deposits of Brazil

Clay Minerals ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Wilson ◽  
H. de Souza Santos ◽  
P. de Souza Santos
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractBrazil is a significant producer of kaolin with almost 2.5 Mt in 2005 representing 10% of the world's total of 25.0 Mt. Brazil is now the second largest producer in the world, after the USA, having overtaken the United Kingdom in 2005. The kaolin resources are widespread throughout the country and are varied in their origin, physical and chemical properties and morphology. The kaolin industry in Brazil has shown a dramatic rise over the last 15 years with production of beneficiated kaolin increasing from 0.66 Mt in 1990 to 2.5 Mt in 2005. The reason for the growth is solely the development of large kaolin deposits in the Amazon Basin that account for 90% of Brazil's production. In 2005 there are just two companies involved in the production and sales of kaolin from the Amazon Basin, namely Imerys (RCC — Rio Capim Caulim) and Caemi (a subsidiary of CVRD — Companhia Vale do Rio Doce) with kaolin operations of CADAM (Jari River) and PPSA (Capim River operations).

Hospital Infection Surveillance in the United Kingdom

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 320-322
Author(s):  
G.A.J. Ayliffe
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Hospital Infection ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Infection Control Nurse

Surveillance methods vary in different hospitals, but are mainly based on laboratory reports, as in Sweden. These reports are supplemented by ward visits by the infection control nurse and by the usual epidemiologic methods in the investigation of outbreaks.An increasing interest in surveillance of hospital infection occurred in the 1950s when outbreaks of staphylococcal infection were causing problems throughout the world. The appointment of an MD as infection control officer in every hospital was suggested in 1955 by Colebrook in the Birmingham Accident Hospital, but no full-time officer has so far been appointed in the United Kingdom (UK). The task was taken on by medical microbiologists, who are usually physicians and, currently in England and Wales, make up 82% of infection control officers.”In the early days, the recording of the incidence of infection was usually confined to surgical wounds, as in the US. The problem of collecting a large amount of data by the microbiologist was recognized by Moore who appointed the first infection control nurse.” He also described the importance of laboratory reports in the early detection of outbreaks.Surveillance was a major topic for discussion at the international Conference on Nosocomial Infections in 1970, and Moore suggested that incidence rates were of little value for determining changes in a hospital or for comparisons between hospitals. The number of infections in individual hospitals was too small for statistical comparison, particularly if rates were low and infections influenced bv many factors were not corrected for in the overall rates.

Community of interest: ARCLIB, the architecture school librarians’ group1

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Catherine Tranmer
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Pressure Group ◽  
School Librarians ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Discussion List ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Set Up

Originally set up in 1988, ARCLIB has become a lively pressure group involving not only architecture school librarians in the United Kingdom but also those in other European countries and the USA. National conferences have provided an annual focus and these are listed in the appendix, but there have also been active international contacts over the years, the current hosting of the ARCLIB discussion list in Venice being one example. ARCLIB also publishes its own Bulletin, which reports on the Group’s activities and keeps members in contact with one another.

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