Style and Surprise in García Márquez

2021 ◽  
pp. 340-353
Author(s):  
Michael Wood
Keyword(s):  
Literary Creation ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Cien Anos De Soledad ◽  
Over Time

The guiding theme of this article is the deceptive simplicity of García Márquez’s prose. One has only to think of the work of contemporaries like Lezama Lima and Cabrera Infante or even Cortázar or Donoso to see how “readable” García Márquez is. But then both the simplicity and the deception are real. This style owes a lot to that of Kafka, as García Márquez repeatedly said, as well as to his own career as a journalist, but finally, the language of his fiction is an extraordinary literary creation in its own right, full of hints and silences that allow the prose to do justice both to complex historical circumstances and to powerful imaginings of alternative worlds. This article argues also that this language develops over time and can productively be studied in three stages: the early fiction (1955–1962); Cien Años de Soledad and El Otoño del Patriarca (1967–1975); and the later work, especially El Amor en los Tiempos de Cólera (1985 and after).

scholarly journals The framing of scientific domains: about UNISIST, domain analysis and art history

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Dam Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Art History ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scientific Domain ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – By using the UNISIST models this paper argues for the necessity of domain analysis in order to qualify scientific information seeking. The models allow better understanding of communication processes in a scientific domain and they embrace the point that domains are always both unstable over time, and changeable, according to the specific perspective. This understanding is even more important today as numerous digitally generated information tools as well as collaborative and interdisciplinary research are blurring the domain borders. Nevertheless, researchers navigate “intuitively” in “their” specific domains, and UNISIST helps understanding this navigation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The UNISIST models are tentatively applied to the domain of art history at three stages, respectively two modern, partially overlapping domains, as well as an outline of an art historical domain anno c1820. The juxtapositions are discussed against the backdrop of, among others, poststructuralist concepts such as “power” and “anti-essentialism” Findings – The juxtapositions affirm the point already surfacing in the different versions of the UNISIST model, that is, structures of communication change over time as well as according to the agents that are charting them. As such, power in a Foucauldian sense is unavoidable in outlining a domain. Originality/value – The UNISIST models are applied to the domain of art history and the article discusses the instability of a scientific domain as well as, at the same time, the significance of framing a domain; an implication which is often neglected in scientific information seeking.

“Western” Influence on Some Palace Gardens in Historical Peninsula of Istanbul

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
M. Bekar ◽  
M Var
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Main Material

From past to present, Istanbul has witnessed many empires and historical events. This accumulation has made Istanbul one of the most important cities in Turkey. The architecture and historic potential of the city dates back to centuries ago. Palace architecture is the most important cultural inventories of the city. Over time, technological developments and the industrial revolution brought the “western influence” to Turkey. This effect is observed on planning character and on the planting design. The main material of the work is Topkapı Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace and Dolmabahçe Palace. In this context, this paper consist of three stages. Literature studies have been carried out in the first stage. “Western effect” on the palaces has been investigated after the second step consisting of the field study and mapping. As result of the examinations, western influence was studied in three stages as general planning character, structural material and plant material. As a result of the study, results were obtained for each title. Suggestions were made for rehabilitation and palace gardens planning.

scholarly journals Linking the Historical Sample of the Netherlands with the USA Censuses, 1850–1940

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Diogo Paiva ◽  
Francisco Anguita ◽  
Kees Mandemakers
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Reasonable Result ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Historical Sample ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Over Time

During the 19th and early 20th century about 220,000 Dutch born persons migrated to the USA. The Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) contains about 85,500 persons born in the Netherlands between 1812 and 1922. In this article we report the way we have matched persons from the HSN with the American censuses from the period 1850 till 1940. For this purpose, a linking process was designed, comprising of three stages: harmonization, matching and validation. The different nature of the two datasets (HSN and the USA Censuses) asked for some harmonization prior to the matching. Once the data had been properly prepared, two strategies were applied in order to link the data sets. The first one, called Similarity Approach, matched individuals from both datasets by comparing on the basis of resemblance of first and last names. The second approach, called Transformation Approach, made use of dictionaries with Anglicized versions of Dutch first and last names and their most common or most likely Dutch original(s). Because of the sample character of the HSN even exact matches showed ambiguity that needs to be resolved. For this reason, a validation process comparing the household context was run to provide a more trustworthy result. In the end we identified 484 individuals present in the HSN database with reliable links to the American censuses. We also evaluated the result in the light of what we know from emigration patterns to the USA over time and period and we concluded that our efforts have produced a reasonable result. Nevertheless, we are aware that we may have missed links. We also found that at least 45% of the emigrants returned to the Netherlands at some point during their life course.

scholarly journals La elección de los grados de Maestro/a: análisis de tendencias e incidencia del género y la titulación

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-324
Author(s):  
Diana Marín Suelves ◽  
Enrique García Tort ◽  
Vicente Gabarda Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
University Degree ◽  
Over Time

La elección de estudios universitarios es un proceso complejo en el que influyen diferentes variables. En este estudio se analizan los motivos de elección de carrera del alumnado de los Grados de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria de la Universitat de València en la última década, así como las posibles diferencias en los motivos a lo largo del tiempo y en función del Grado y del sexo. Utilizando como instrumento de recogida de información, un cuestionario adaptado de otra investigación en el contexto español, se analizan las motivaciones de un total de 769 estudiantes de estas titulaciones, recogidas en tres tiempos (cursos: 2010-2011, 2014-2015 y 2018-2019). Los resultados permiten detectar que las motivaciones del alumnado de los grados de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria son de carácter fundamentalmente intrínseco, independientemente del momento, del sexo de los participantes y del grado elegido. Sin embargo, las motivaciones extrínsecas, que ocupan el segundo lugar en el caso de los hombres, descienden a lo largo del tiempo, mientras que las trascendentes, las segundas en el caso de las mujeres, aumentan según avanza la década. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a entender por qué en estos grados la demanda es alta y la tasa de abandono muy baja. Choosing a university degree is a complex process influenced by different variables. This study reports on the reasons provided by students at the Universitat de València to enrol in the Infant and Primary Education degrees during the last decade. This study also identifies possible differences in the motives over time and depending on the degree and gender. Using as a tool for collecting data a questionnaire adapted from existing research in the Spanish context, the motivations of a total of 769 students of these degrees, collected in three stages, were analysed. The outcome allows us to detect that the motivations of the students to choose this kind of Degrees are fundamentally intrinsic, regardless of the moment, the gender of the participants and the degree. However, extrinsic motivations, which are the second most referred to in the case of men, decrease over time, while transcendent ones, the second most referred to type of motivation by women, increase as the decade progresses. These results can help to understand why the demand for these degrees is high and the dropout rate is very low.

scholarly journals Paperwork of a Mamluk Muqṭaʿ

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
National Library ◽  
Land Grants ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Archival Practices ◽  
Over Time

This article follows prevailing trends in research on the archival practices of the premodern Middle East by emphasizing the importance of documentary life cycles. Specifically, it examines the afterlives of a microsample of documents from an underexplored historical context: the administration of amirs who held iqṭāʿ land grants in areas of Egypt outside Cairo. Though iqṭāʿ holders (muqṭaʿs) were key administrative actors in the Mamluk sultanate, we know little about their activities on the ground. The material investigated here is related to the administration of justice in far-flung districts of Egypt, one of the less-known roles of these muqṭaʿs, and is preserved in the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library in Vienna. Contextualizing the documents by relating them to the activities of several named amirs, I delineate three stages in the documents’ afterlives: archiving, reuse, and disposal. I rely on the materiality of the documents, an indispensable tool for identifying the more enigmatic aspects of documentary life cycles. I then turn to reflect on what these afterlives can tell us about the archival spaces of this administrative setting. By examining the muqṭaʿs’ paperwork, I highlight shifts in meaning that documents underwent over time, calling attention to the phenomenon of casual storage, or “documents lying around.”

Three Stages of Hypno-Family Therapy for Psychosomatic Problems

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Time Change ◽  
Dynamic Pattern ◽  
Psychosomatic Complaints ◽  
Psychosomatic Problems ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Over Time

In dealing with psychosomatic complaints it has been found useful and necessary to bring together three stages or techniques of psychotherapy. First, along with teaching relaxation, the therapist directs the client to define the symptom in a symbolic or figurative way describing size, shape, color, consistency, smell, and sound. These descriptors assess intensity and, over time, change in intensity of the symptom. Second, several hypnotic techniques are used to determine the dynamic pattern that has created the symptom. Such uncovered patterns have been found to invariably involve family dynamics. Third, hypnotic and family therapy techniques assist the client in changing the pattern. Examples are presented.

Profiling Gastronomes from their Food Experience Journey

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-950
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Babolian Hendijani ◽  
Huey Chern Boo
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Leisure Participation ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Behavior Development ◽  
Food Experience ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique ◽  
Over Time

Identifying the conditions that will lead gastronomes to challenge their assumptions and knowledge are paramount for interest research in tourism settings and for marketers who aim to develop appropriate marketing strategies. An interpretivist paradigm adopted here consisted of the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique, which allowed the investigation on behavior development and interest among gastronomes and depict their typology. Findings revealed three stages of the development process which are labelled as (a) novice, (b) learner, and (b) expert to symbolize the different stages of development in food exploring of gastronomes over time. The typology with characteristics of gastronomes in different stages offers researchers and marketers an appealing way to think about the change in leisure participation. Results revealed that the value of participating in this activity is not merely not only to gain novel sensory experiences but also to actively seek for positive feelings and ideas that gastronomes associate with food exploring. The results reported here offer new insights for food tourism strategies in management and marketing.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR, UNSUR, DAN TIPE TEKS DALAM TEKS CERITA FANTASI KARYA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 7 PADANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Erina Novita ◽  
Nursaid Nursaid
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Real World ◽  
Complete Structure ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Text Structures ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Six Elements ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study aims to describe the structure of the text (orientation, complications, resolution), elements, and types of text contained in the  fantasy text stories written by students of class VII of  SMP Negeri 7 Padang. The data to be analyzed in the form of structure, elements, and type of text contained in the text of a fantasy story. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out through three stages. First, researchers read and understand the text of fantasy stories. Second, researchers mark the sections related to the structure of the text, elements, and types of text of fantasy stories. Third, inventorying findings related to the structure, elements, and type of text into the data inventory format Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded three things as follows. First, in general students of class VII SMP 7 Padang have used the three text structures of fantasy stories. This is evident from the 48 fantasy story texts analyzed there are 2 fantasy story texts that do not have a complete structure. Second, students generally use six elements of fantasy story text. This is evident from the 48 fantasy texts analyzed which all have complete elements, namely themes, plot, characters and characterizations, settings, points of view, and mandates. Third, the type of fantasy story text is divided into two, namely (1) based on conformity with the real world, students are more likely to write slices of fantasy stories and (2) based on story settings, students tend to write stories over time, from the present to the past. Kata Kunci: Struktur, Teks Cerita Fantasi Tipe, Unsur 

Elijah Benamozegh and Evolutionary Theory: A Nineteenth-Century Italian Kabbalist’s Panentheistic Response to Darwin

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Langton
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Common Descent ◽  
Biblical Commentary ◽  
Cosmic Evolution ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Over Time

The Italian rabbi and philosopher Elijah Benamozegh (1823–1900) engaged widely with non-Jewish European culture, especially with regard to theology, philosophy and science. With respect to evolutionary theory, his views went through three stages. These stages correspond to his engagement with ideas of transmutation in three key works, namely, the Hebrew biblical commentary ʾEm la-miqra⁠ʾ (1862–1865), the Italian theological treatise Teologia dogmatica e apologetica (1877), and his posthumous great work in French, Israël et l’humanité (1914). Over time, Benamozegh came to view Darwin’s account of the common descent of all life as evidence in support of kabbalistic teachings, which he synthesized to offer a majestic vision of cosmic evolution, with radical implications for understanding the development of morality and religion itself. In the context of the creation-evolution debate in Europe, Benamozegh’s significance is as the earliest Orthodox Jewish proponent of a panentheistic account of evolution.

scholarly journals Stage-dependent Plasticity in Biomass Allocation and Allometry of Abutilon Theophrasti in Response to Population Density 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wang ◽  
Dao-Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Active Response ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Trait Size ◽  
Multiple Stages ◽  
Over Time

Abstract How plants respond to density via modular plasticity is obscure, probably because relevant studies using covariance and allometry analyses rarely focus on multiple stages of plant growth, and also the two approaches are seldom used simultaneously in a same study. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted by subjecting plants of Abutilon theophrasti to low, medium and high densities and measuring the mass of various plant modules, before covariance and allometry analyses at three stages of plant growth. Results showed inconsistent responses in allocation traits and allometric relationships at each growth stage. At 30 d, high density increased root:stem, root:leaf and stem:leaf ratios, but did not affect any allometric relationships. At 50 d, density altered most allocation traits, but not for allometric exponents. At 70 d, density altered allometric relationships, with no effects on allocation traits. The stage-dependent allometric relationships and inconsistent results of allometric and covariance analyses suggested one-stage allometric plasticity might be apparent plasticity. In response to the increase of density, plants first altered the strategy of biomass partitioning, then growth rate or developmental stage, indicating density effects intensified over time. For plasticity in a modular trait, size effects can be regarded as a component of (indirect) environmental effects, with the left variation after removal of size effects being the other component of plant (direct) active response. The insights into apparent plasticity of allometry and two components of plasticity should be of essential importance to investigating phenotypic plasticity and its implications in plants.

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