The Oxford Handbook of Translation and Social Practices

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

The Oxford Handbook of Translation and Social Practices illustrates the manifold interactions between linguistically based translation studies and many research fields in the social and natural sciences. Drawing on a wide array of case studies from across the world, the handbook demonstrates the increasing role of translation studies in identifying and providing practical, innovative solutions to persistent and emerging social and research challenges in the world’s transition toward sustainability. Twenty-nine chapters by scholars and professional translators from all over the world apply translation studies methods to a wide range of fields, including healthcare, environmental policy, geological and cultural heritage conservation, education, tourism, comparative politics, conflict mediation, international law, commercial law, immigration, and indigenous language policy. The essays cover numerous languages, from European and Latin American languages to Asian and Australian languages, giving unprecedented weight to the translation of indigenous languages in Australia, Asia, and the Americas. In this way, the handbook offers a forward-looking and cross-disciplinary survey of the challenges and possibilities of translating in the global world, demonstrating the research potential and social significance of translation studies and reformulating the scope of this discipline as an empirically grounded, socially oriented, technologically enhanced, and ethical research field in the 21st century.

Environmental Rationality

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Enrique Leff
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Ecological Balance ◽  
Politics Of Difference ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture And Development

Renovating our thinking as humankind (rethinking nature, culture and development) is an imperative to approach the challenges of environmental crisis and to orient the social construction of a sustainable world. If environmental crisis is a predicament of knowledge, beyond the task of reinventing science, innovating technology and managing information, we must face the challenge of inventing new ways of thinking, organizing and acting in the world; of reorienting our ethical principles, modes of production and social practices for the construction of a sustainable civilization. Innovation for sustainability is drawn by alternative rationalities. I will argue that rationality of modernity has limited capacities to reestablish the ecological balance of the planet, while environmental rationality opens new perspectives to sustainability: the construction of a new economic paradigm based on neguentropic productivity, a politics of difference and an ethic of otherness. Paramount to this purpose is the contribution of Latin American Environmental Thinking.

Ranajit Guha’s Historiography of Colonial India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasant Kaiwar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
Indian History ◽  
Bengali Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Moment

Ranajit Guha is one of the best-known and most innovative historians of modern India. The bulk of his best-known work was published between 1981 and 2002. The main historiographical issues that appear in his work include (a) the colonial appropriation of the Indian past and its representation as a “highly interesting portion of British history,” which together with the force of colonial conquest added up in Guha’s terminology to a colonial expropriation of Indian history; (b) the complicity of all branches of colonialist knowledge in the fact or force of conquest; (c) British rule in India as a “dominance without hegemony,” in which the moment of coercion outweighed the moment of persuasion by contrast with western Europe; (d) an Indian historiography of India that attempts to redress the expropriation of Indian history and make “the Indian people, constituted as a nation, the subject of their own history”; (e) a subaltern historiography that identifies the limitations of the mainstream Indian historiography of India and the need to pay attention to the “neglected dimension of subaltern autonomy in action, consciousness and culture,” the “contribution made by the people on their own”; and (f) a historiography that goes beyond “statism” to the everyday being-in-the-world of ordinary people, countering the pretensions of the “prose of world-history” with the “prose of the world.” These issues recur in various forms and combinations in Guha’s books and essays, notably the ones he contributed to Subaltern Studies, an edited series that he launched in 1982. The theoretical influences on Guha’s work are not limited to Marxism and its many offshoots. Guha used the concept of “subaltern” to signify anyone in India who did not belong to the “elite” and therefore included peasants, workers, impoverished landlords, and others whose behavior exhibited a combination of defiance and deference to the elite. It has many points of contact with Gramsci’s work. Guha drew freely on the philosophy of Hegel and Heidegger, Bengali literature, notably the works of Rabindranath Tagore, not to mention semiotics, linguistics, structuralism, and poststructuralism, the objective being not theoretical monism or purity but the mobilization of a wide range of references to shed light on history’s dark corners. The eclectic richness, if not elusiveness, of the concept of “subaltern” and Guha’s deployment of it in various forms to speak to caste, class, and gender issues has perhaps inspired its wider diffusion for rethinking the history of popular consciousness and mobilization in fields as far apart as Asian, African, and Latin American history.

scholarly journals A View from the South: The Global Creation of the War on Drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Molano Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
The World

Abstract The paper claims that it is necessary to seriously consider facts and phenomena beyond the ‘West’ in order to understand and theorise the complex social practices that shape the world. From a Latin American standpoint, it questions the traditional approach to a global matter: the War on Drugs. Researchers usually see this phenomenon in Latin America as reflecting US domination in the region. However, by identifying how and why the drug issue became a matter of security in Latin America and by specifying the collective countermeasures adopted, Latin American participation becomes more apparent in the construction of the international process that gave rise to the normative framework that holds up the War on Drugs: the 1988 Vienna Convention.

Translation and Social Practices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Meng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Policy Communication

The various chapters in this book discuss and explore the viability and social significance of adapting translation as a social intervention instrument to advance the global sustainable development agenda. It is argued that translation studies could make useful contributions to sustainable social development by engaging in translation research innovation. Existing approaches to translation studies have overlooked the function of translation as an important and powerful policy communication and research intervention instrument. However, the development of specialized translation in the healthcare, environmental, policy, and legal domains has demonstrated and will continue to have important social impacts and lasting public educational values.

A Discussion of Alexander Cooley and Jack Snyder's Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool for Global Governance

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Bo Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Science Inquiry ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Contemporary Practice

Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool of Global Governance, edited by Alexander Cooley and Jack Snyder, assembles an impressive group of political scientists to critically discuss “the important analytical, normative, and policy issues associated with the contemporary practice of ‘grading states.’” The volume addresses a topic of importance to a wide range of political scientists in comparative politics, international relations, and political theory, and raises some fundamental questions about the role of political science at the nexus of theory and practice. We have thus invited a number of colleagues to discuss the volume and its broader implications for political science inquiry.

A Discussion of Alexander Cooley and Jack Snyder's Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool for Global Governance

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Philippe C. Schmitter
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Science Inquiry ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Contemporary Practice

Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool of Global Governance, edited by Alexander Cooley and Jack Snyder, assembles an impressive group of political scientists to critically discuss “the important analytical, normative, and policy issues associated with the contemporary practice of ‘grading states.’” The volume addresses a topic of importance to a wide range of political scientists in comparative politics, international relations, and political theory, and raises some fundamental questions about the role of political science at the nexus of theory and practice. We have thus invited a number of colleagues to discuss the volume and its broader implications for political science inquiry.

A Discussion of Alexander Cooley and Jack Snyder's Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool for Global Governance

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-164
Author(s):  
Milja Kurki
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Science Inquiry ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Contemporary Practice

Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool of Global Governance, edited by Alexander Cooley and Jack Snyder, assembles an impressive group of political scientists to critically discuss “the important analytical, normative, and policy issues associated with the contemporary practice of ‘grading states.’” The volume addresses a topic of importance to a wide range of political scientists in comparative politics, international relations, and political theory, and raises some fundamental questions about the role of political science at the nexus of theory and practice. We have thus invited a number of colleagues to discuss the volume and its broader implications for political science inquiry.

scholarly journals Sociocultural dominants of developing students’ value intentions: context of civilization challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Hanna Ivaniuk ◽  
Olha Oleksiuk ◽  
Maryna Vyshnevetska
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Declining Demand

The study of the influence of sociocultural dominants on value intentions formation in young generation of specialists (teachers) is important for identifying useful ideas that can be implemented to improve axiological situation in the country and the world in accordance with civilization challenges. The article highlights a wide range of theoretical achievements and presents results of empirical research, which confirms positive dynamics of value intentions development in students of pedagogical and art specialties. Generalized conclusions about development of this important phenomenon in the context of declining demand for value dominants, are confirmed by statistics. The study was based on axiological, socio-cultural, systemic and interdisciplinary research. The research field consisted of educational institutions in Kyiv (Ukraine), the sample was 356 respondents (students of the first bachelor’s level). The adequacy of the applied experimental tools (questionnaires, Pedagogical essays) is proved. The experimental work was conducted online using Google services. The results of the study show positive dynamics of the value intentions development and a significant correlation between students’ motivation to value-oriented activities and sustainability of this direction in the future. The importance of sociocultural determinants in the development of value intentions in students of pedagogical specialties based on sociocultural knowledge is proved.

scholarly journals Science maps for exploration, navigation, and reflection—A graphic approach to strategic thinking

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0262081
Author(s):  
Flemming Skov
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Science Mapping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Papers

The world of science is growing at an unprecedented speed with more and more scholarly papers produced each year. The scientific landscape is constantly changing as research specialties evolve, merge or become obsolete. It is difficult for researchers, research managers and the public alike to keep abreast with these changes and maintain a true and fair overview of the world of science. Such an overview is necessary to stimulate scientific progress, to maintain flexible and responsive research organizations, and to secure collaboration and knowledge exchange between different research specialties and the wider community. Although science mapping is applied to a wide range of scientific areas, examples of their practical use are sparse. This paper demonstrates how to use a topical, scientific reference maps to understand and navigate in dynamic research landscapes and how to utilize science maps to facilitate strategic thinking. In this study, the research domain of biology at Aarhus University serves as an example. All scientific papers authored by the current, permanent staff were extracted (6,830 in total). These papers were used to create a semantic cognitive map of the research field using a co-word analysis based on keywords and keyword phrases. A workflow was written in Python for easy and fast retrieval of information for topic maps (including tokens from keywords section and title) to generate intelligible research maps, and to visualize the distribution of topics (keywords), papers, journal categories, individual researchers and research groups on any scale. The resulting projections revealed new insights into the structure of the research community and made it possible to compare researchers or research groups to describe differences and similarities, to find scientific overlaps or gaps, and to understand how they relate and connect. Science mapping can be used for intended (top-down) as well as emergent (bottom-up) strategy development. The paper concludes that science maps provide alternative views of the intricate structures of science to supplement traditional bibliometric information. These insights may help strengthen strategic thinking and boost creativity and thus contribute to the progress of science.

scholarly journals PERSON SPEECH BEHAVIOR MARKERS IN EXTREME SITUATION (ACCORDING TO SUAKHILI LITERARY SOURCE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida R. Fattakhova ◽  
Evgeniya A. Biyanova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Literary Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
Simultaneous Implementation

An extreme situation implies an active influence on the psychological-emotional state of a person, which is expressed in tension, agitation, aggression and other manifestations of temperament, deviated from the generally accepted norms of behavior. In artistic texts, the representation of a person's speech behavior in an extreme (conflict) situation is realized through the Swahili language means that mark a conflict communicative act. In this article, based on the material of the Swahiliazy novel "The World is Chaos" by E. Kesilahabi, an attempt is made to study the markers that reveal the speech behavior of a conflict communicative act participants. Phonetics-graphic, grammatical and lexical markers are distinguished, the most frequent of them are identified (the use of a wide range of interjections, the highlighting of a phrase with an exclamation point, syntactic repetitions, the use of invective vocabulary, etc.). The authors come to the conclusion that the simultaneous implementation of these markers is observed in the dicthemes of conflict communicative acts to a greater extent. The results of the research can be used for further developments in the field of linguistics, ethnic-linguistics, psycholinguistics, grammar, translation studies, etc

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