Election Data and Levels of Analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 404-424
Author(s):  
Ken Kollman
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Duverger's Law

This chapter discusses the advantages, but also challenges, of having election data at various levels of analysis. Fortunately, election results across the world are being collected and organized into useable datasets at various levels of analysis, including voting machines, polling stations, precincts, villages, constituencies, provinces or states, regions, and countries. The author uses the literature on Duverger’s law as an example of a research area that has benefited from new sources of data and from research drawing upon those data at multiple levels of analysis. The chapter concludes that data science and new sources of data will continue to transform political science, including the study of elections.

The weirdest brains in the world

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Y. Chiao ◽  
Bobby K. Cheon
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Cultural Neuroscience ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Compelling Argument ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Levels

AbstractHenrich et al. provide a compelling argument about a bias in the behavioral sciences to study human behavior primarily in WEIRD populations. Here we argue that brain scientists are susceptible to similar biases, sampling primarily from WEIRD populations; and we discuss recent evidence from cultural neuroscience demonstrating the importance and viability of investigating culture across multiple levels of analysis.

Multiple Levels of Analysis and Time Scales

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Matt Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Methodological Individualism ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Individual Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Different Time Scales

Explanations for human behavior often involve factors operating at multiple levels of analysis (from individuals to organizations to nations) and across different time scales (immediate, developmental, and evolutionary). Continuing debates over methodological individualism within the social sciences ignore the growing consensus within philosophy of social science that influences on social life are present across individual and collective units, each with influential histories. Even if models of individual interaction offer useful templates, they do not imply that any social process started anew at any particular point in time or that individuals created social structures without being influenced by prior institutions. Using a comparison of traffic and weather, I find that these difficulties are no worse for social than natural science, once we welcome both simple patterns and complex multilevel processes. In both cases, much progress is made simply through observational generalization and many complaints involve our ability to change the world, not understand it.

scholarly journals Messi, Ronaldo, and the Politics of Celebrity Elections: Voting for the Best Soccer Player in the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Anderson ◽  
Luc Arrondel ◽  
André Blais ◽  
Jean-François Daoust ◽  
Jean-François Laslier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Soccer Player ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The World ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Soccer Fans ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Over Time

It is widely assumed that celebrities are imbued with political capital and the power to move opinion. To understand the sources of that capital in the specific domain of sports celebrity, we investigate the popularity of global soccer superstars. Specifically, we examine players’ success in the Ballon d’Or—the most high-profile contest to select the world’s best player. Based on historical election results as well as an original survey of soccer fans, we find that certain kinds of players are significantly more likely to win the Ballon d’Or. Moreover, we detect an increasing concentration of votes on these kinds of players over time, suggesting a clear and growing hierarchy in the competition for soccer celebrity. Further analyses of support for the world’s two best players in 2016 (Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo) show that, if properly adapted, political science concepts like partisanship have conceptual and empirical leverage in ostensibly non-political contests.

Lived Catholicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-163
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Kirch
Keyword(s):  
Pope Francis ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Church

Both Pope Francis and Robert Schreiter recognize that the world has been profoundly affected by conflict, globalization, and the breakdown of relationships on multiple levels. They also assert that the Church must address these situations. The ecclesiologies of both Schreiter and Francis offer effective tools for this work. This article will examine several key, shared concepts within their ecclesiologies. Specifically, their understandings of the missionary nature of the Church and their robust understanding of catholicity prove to be key concepts in the Church's response to a world marred by sin.

Collaboration platforms in water management

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hidaka ◽  
H. R. Kolar ◽  
R. P. Williams ◽  
P. G. Hartswick ◽  
S. B. Foong
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Architecture ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Collaboration Platforms

In many parts of the world, management of water resources and infrastructures is fragmented between agencies at multiple levels – state, provincial, and local – and sometimes between functions within individual agencies. Consequently it is often impossible to take a holistic view of the issues at hand to enable effective management of the resource or infrastructure – either because of the overhead of managing the coordination required, and/or because of politics between the different stakeholders. In their work for IBM, the authors created a concept of an information technology (IT)-enabled “collaboration platform” that integrates different water data sources with IT tools to enable multiple entities to maintain and share a “common operating picture.” This greatly assists with coordination and reduces politics to manageable levels. In this paper, the authors describe the collaboration platform and its benefits by reference to examples of such platforms in use, and propose a reference technical architecture for creating collaboration platforms.

scholarly journals Life during the pandemic: an international photo-elicitation study with medical students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dworkin ◽  
T. Akintayo ◽  
D. Calem ◽  
C. Doran ◽  
A. Guth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Elicitation Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global event with unprecedented impact on individuals and communities around the world. The purpose of this study is to use a modified photo-elicitation methodology to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of medical students and their communities around the world. Methods Participating medical students were asked to take photographs for 14 days. In lieu of an interview, which is customary for photo-elicitation projects, participants were asked to share a reflection (a paragraph or two) for each photograph they contributed to the study. Results Between April 27th, 2020 and May 11th, 2020 26 students from 19 medical schools across 13 countries shared photographs and reflections. Qualitative analysis of written reflections revealed that medical students felt the impact of the pandemic on several levels 1) individual, 2) interpersonal, 3) educational, and 4) societal. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of medical students on multiple levels. As individuals, students felt emotional distress but found resilience through physical activity and the establishment of new routines. Many students felt isolated as their interpersonal relationships were confined due to social distancing measures. These feelings could be combated with new educational initiatives focused on group collaboration. Lastly, students reflecting on the larger societal implications were concerned with the economic ramifications of the virus and its impact on their future. This study brought together students from several different countries to engage in an applied learning program as a model for equitable global health research.

scholarly journals Clustering in Wineinformatics with Attribute Selection to Increase Uniqueness of Clusters

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jared McCune ◽  
Alex Riley ◽  
Bernard Chen
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Attribute Selection ◽  
Short List ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Related Data

Wineinformatics is a new data science research area that focuses on large amounts of wine-related data. Most of the current Wineinformatics researches are focused on supervised learning to predict the wine quality, price, region and weather. In this research, unsupervised learning using K-means clustering with optimal K search and filtration process is studied on a Bordeaux-region specific dataset to form clusters and find representative wines in each cluster. 14,349 wines representing the 21st century Bordeaux dataset are clustered into 43 and 13 clusters with detailed analysis on the number of wines, dominant wine characteristics, average wine grades, and representative wines in each cluster. Similar research results are also generated and presented on 435 elite wines (wines that scored 95 points and above on a 100 points scale). The information generated from this research can be beneficial to wine vendors to make a selection given the limited number of wines they can realistically offer, to connoisseurs to study wines in a target region/vintage/price with a representative short list, and to wine consumers to get recommendations. Many possible researches can adopt the same process to analyze and find representative wines in different wine making regions/countries, vintages, or pivot points. This paper opens up a new door for Wineinformatics in unsupervised learning researches.

Presidentialism and the Effect of Electoral Law in Postcommunist Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Clark ◽  
Jill N. Wittrock
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Representation Systems ◽  
Legislative Agenda ◽  
Majority Control ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Duverger's Law ◽  
Electoral Law ◽  
Mixed Systems

Efforts to test Duverger’s law in the new democracies of postcommunist Europe have had mixed results. Research argues that mixed systems have an effect on the number of effective parties that is distinct from that of single-mandate district and proportional representation systems. Less attention has been given to the effect of other institutions on the party system, particularly strong presidents. Analyzing election results in postcommunist Europe, the authors find support for Duverger’s law after controlling for the strength of the executive. They argue that strong presidents substantially reduce the incentive for parties to seize control of the legislative agenda. Hence, the restraint that electoral systems exercise on the proliferation of parties and independent candidates is weakened. The authors find that a further consequence of strong presidents is that the incentive for majority control of committees and the legislative agenda is weakened.

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