Depressive Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Dietz ◽  
Jennifer Silk ◽  
Marlissa Amole
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Depressed Adolescent ◽  
Treatment Plans

Depressive disorders onset early in development. Depression during childhood and adolescence is associated with serious disruptions in emotional, social, and occupational functioning into adulthood and a high likelihood of recurrence. This chapter discusses clinical manifestations, prevalence, and course of depression presenting in early childhood (ages 3–6), middle childhood/preadolescence (ages 7–12), and adolescence (13–18). An overview is presented of standardized interviews and questionnaires for clinical assessment of depression in children and adolescents; the chapter summarizes research on empirically supported treatments for youth depression. Also included is a case study of a depressed adolescent with treatment plans formulated from both cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy perspectives. Future directions for research on depressive disorders in youths are discussed, including neuroimaging research using ecologically valid stimuli, empirically supported interventions for younger children and preadolescents, and personalization of psychosocial treatment to youth’s profiles of risk and protective factors to increase effectiveness.

Depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence 2010– a KinderAGATE analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Stegmann ◽  
K Wenzel-Seifert ◽  
A Dörfelt ◽  
W Haen
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychopathology and Treatment Action

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Beauchaine ◽  
Aimee R. Zisner ◽  
Elizabeth P. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Heterotypic Continuity

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that common forms of psychopathology derive from complex interactions among neurobiological vulnerabilities and environmental adversities. These interactions can alter neurobehavioral development to yield progressively intractable forms of psychopathology across childhood and adolescence. This chapter focuses on neurobiological mechanisms of trait impulsivity, trait anxiety, stress reactivity, and emotion regulation/executive function. How these traits confer vulnerability to externalizing disorders, internalizing disorders, heterotypic comorbidity, and heterotypic continuity is described. Next, neurobiological mechanisms of treatment response are considered. Trait impulsivity and trait anxiety are highly heritable and derive initially from subcortical structures that mature early in life. In contrast, emotion regulation and executive function, which modulate trait impulsivity and trait anxiety, are more sensitive to environmental influence and derive from cortical structures that mature into young adulthood. Neurobiological mechanisms of psychosocial treatment response are represented largely in the cortex and its neuromodulatory connections with the subcortex.

Harm Avoidance and Mobility During Middle Childhood and Adolescence among Hadza Foragers

Human Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa N. Crittenden ◽  
Alan Farahani ◽  
Kristen N. Herlosky ◽  
Trevor R. Pollom ◽  
Ibrahim A. Mabulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

scholarly journals Correction to: Harm Avoidance and Mobility During Middle Childhood and Adolescence among Hadza Foragers

Human Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa N. Crittenden ◽  
Alan Farahani ◽  
Kristen N. Herlosky ◽  
Trevor R. Pollom ◽  
Ibrahim A. Mabulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

scholarly journals Natural language processing (NLP) tools in extracting biomedical concepts from research articles: a case study on autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Peng ◽  
Mengge Zhao ◽  
James Havrilla ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Chunhua Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Research Articles

Abstract Background Natural language processing (NLP) tools can facilitate the extraction of biomedical concepts from unstructured free texts, such as research articles or clinical notes. The NLP software tools CLAMP, cTAKES, and MetaMap are among the most widely used tools to extract biomedical concept entities. However, their performance in extracting disease-specific terminology from literature has not been compared extensively, especially for complex neuropsychiatric disorders with a diverse set of phenotypic and clinical manifestations. Methods We comparatively evaluated these NLP tools using autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a case study. We collected 827 ASD-related terms based on previous literature as the benchmark list for performance evaluation. Then, we applied CLAMP, cTAKES, and MetaMap on 544 full-text articles and 20,408 abstracts from PubMed to extract ASD-related terms. We evaluated the predictive performance using precision, recall, and F1 score. Results We found that CLAMP has the best performance in terms of F1 score followed by cTAKES and then MetaMap. Our results show that CLAMP has much higher precision than cTAKES and MetaMap, while cTAKES and MetaMap have higher recall than CLAMP. Conclusion The analysis protocols used in this study can be applied to other neuropsychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders that lack well-defined terminology sets to describe their phenotypic presentations.

Assessing Children's Peer Relationships

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J. Pepler ◽  
Wendy M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Interactions With Peers

Peers have both positive and negative influences on children; therefore, considerable attention has focused on assessing peer relationships and friendships through childhood and adolescence. The present article provides an overview of the main methods of assessing peer relationships. The adaptive nature of children's peer relations has been assessed through four main methodologies: (1) asking the children themselves about elements of peer relations and friendships; (2) asking children about their perceptions of others within the peer group; (3) asking adults (i.e. parents and teachers) about the peer relations skills of children in their care; and (4) directly observing children during interactions with peers. Each of these approaches is described, with attention to relative strengths and weaknesses and their suitability for assessing peer relations in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence.

scholarly journals Alternative methods for controlling nasal obstruction in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
V. V. Dvorianchikov ◽  
M. V. Drozdova ◽  
S. V. Ryazantsev ◽  
Yu. S. Preobrazhenskaya ◽  
S. S. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Vasomotor Rhinitis ◽  
Positive Treatment

Currently, rhinitis accompanied by nasal obstruction is one of the most common diseases in children and adolescents. Regardless of the cause of its occurrence - an infectious or non-infectious (allergic) process, each time there is a vascular (vasomotor) reaction. In children of preschool and primary school age, the most common is infectious rhinitis, which develops with viral and bacterial infections. The group of non-allergic rhinitis, which develops more often in adolescents, is united by the term idiopathic (vasomotor) rhinitis.Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of a complex preparation containing calendula, witch hazel, esculus, menthol and zinc oxide in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis in children.Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients of childhood and adolescence, of both sexes (23 girls and 17 boys) aged 6 to 14 years with an established diagnosis of vasomotor (idiopathic) rhinitis, without concomitant pathology, not registered with specialists, without constant admission The study drug was used to lubricate the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity or put turundas with ointment for 3-5 minutes 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment was 7-10 days. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by the dynamics of clinical data and the severity of the subjective symptoms of the disease.Results. A comparisons of these scores for re-assessing the status of patients relative to the timing of the study drug use showed a uniform positive trend in terms of the clinical picture and subjective complaints of patients.Conclusions. The inclusion in the complex therapy of pediatric patients with idiopathic (vasomotor) rhinitis of the drug Fleming’s Ointment, or monotherapy with this agent, contributes to a  rapid and pronounced weakening of  the  clinical manifestations of the disease, allowing you to quickly achieve positive treatment results in the form of relief of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, edema of the mucous membrane of the cavity nose, sneezing. There is a positive trend in the state of the mucous membrane itself. 

scholarly journals PENERAPAN DIR FLOORTIME PADA ANAK DENGAN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SOSIAL

Psibernetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elita Kirana ◽  
Ediasri T Atmodiwirjo ◽  
Debora Basaria
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior

<p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Children with autism have deficit characteristics in social communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, and limited interests or activities. As children grow and engage in a wider environment, this is become a problem because of the lack of social skills on children with autism. The purpose of this research is to improve the social skills of children with autism. There are several methods that can be applied to children with autism to improve their social skills. One of them is the DIR </em>(<em>Developmental, Individual Differences, &amp; Relationship Based</em>) <em>Floortime method. DIR Floortime aims to help children reach the stage of their emotional development through play activities. This type of research is a clinical case study, involving two middle childhood boys that are diagnosed with a mild level of autism. The instruments used in this study are Autism Social Skills Profile and Functional Emotional Assessment Scale. This research involves 20 sessions, conducted in May until June 2018, consisting of 10 sensory sessions and 10  symbolic sessions for each subject. The results of this research show an improvement in social skills in both participants, marked by an increase in the post test scores, but not significantly. Qualitatively, both subject demonstrates an improvement on social skills in their daily behavior after they had participated in the intervention.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>: </strong><em>autism spectrum disorder, middle childhood, </em>DIR <em>Floortime,social skills</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong>: </strong>Anak autistik memiliki karakteristik kesulitan dalam komunikasi dan interaksi sosial serta adanya yang minat terbatas, perilaku berulang, atau keterikatan dalam minat dan aktivitas. Hal ini menjadi masalah saat anak tumbuh seiring usia dan terlibat dalam lingkungan yang lebih luas karena kurangnya kemampuan sosial pada anak autistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sosial anak autistik. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat diterapkan pada anak autistik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sosial. Salah satunya adalah metode DIR (<em>Developmental, Individual Differences, &amp; Relationship Based</em>) <em>Floortime</em>. DIR<em> Floortime</em>  bertujuan membantu anak mencapai tahap perkembangan emosionalnya melalui kegiatan bermain. Jenis penelitian ini adalah case study yang melibatkan dua orang partisipan, yaitu anak laki-laki berusia <em>middle childhood</em> dengan autisme <em>level Mild</em>. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah <em>Autism Social Skills Profile dan Functional Emotional Assesment Scale</em>. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 20 sesi intervensi yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2018. Sesi intervensi terdiri dari 10 sesi sensori auditori dan 10 sesi simbolik bagi masing-masing subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada kapasitas emosi, tetapi kemampuan sosial kedua partisipan tidak meningkat secara signifikan. Secara kualitatif, kedua subjek menunjukkan kemampuan sosial yang lebih baik setelah mengikuti sesi intervensi, hal ini tampak dalam perilaku sehari-hari.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: autisme<em>, middle childhood, </em>DIR <em>Floortime,</em> kemampuan sosial</p>

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlos Melo Martins ◽  
Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa ◽  
Maria Clara de Magalhães-Barbosa ◽  
Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the current evidence on clinical and laboratory characteristics of infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during childhood and adolescence. Data source: This is a narrative review conducted in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature in the Virtual Health Library (LILACS/VHL), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The terms used were SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, novel coronavirus, child, newborn, and adolescent. Data synthesis: Unlike adults, most children infected by SARS-CoV-2 have mild or asymptomatic clinical presentations. Symptomatic children mainly have low fever and cough, with some associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe cases are rare and occur especially in infants under one year of age. Detection of viral particles in feces seems to be more persistent in children and can be used as a tool for diagnosis and control of the quarantine period. Different from adults, children can present distinct inflammatory responses, as has happened in new cases of Kawasaki-like syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Most children have asymptomatic or mild presentations, with a prevalence of fever, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms. New cases with different systemic inflammatory reactions in children have been reported, with clinical manifestations distinct from those typically found in adults.

scholarly journals The association between obesity and depression in adults: a meta-review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S267-S267
Author(s):  
Abdi Malik Musa ◽  
Samuele Cortese ◽  
Olivia Bloodworth
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Medical File ◽  
Depressed Adolescent ◽  
Meta Review

AimsObesity and depression are increasing in prevalence and have become key issues in the public health of the modern day. We performed a meta-review to summarise the association between obesity and depression in adults.MethodA systematic literature search was undertaken on MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science for systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses (MA) on the association between obesity and depression in adults (>18 years) published before 18 September 2018. Any approach to define depressive disorders (e.g. via structured interview or code in medical file) was accepted. Likewise, any method to assess obesity was accepted. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment was completed by two reviewers independently, with a third reviewer to arbitrate any disagreement. AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the pertinent SRs/MAs.ResultAfter duplicate removal, we identified 6007 potentially pertinent citations. Following, title, abstract and full-text screening, 10 studies were included in the review; nine SRs with MAs and one SR. A statistically significant association between obesity and depression was reported in all nine SRs with MAs, with odds ratios ranging from 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11-1.26) to 1.57 (95% CI = 1.53-2.01). Increased severity of obesity (body mass index over 40) was associated with a greater odds of becoming depressed. Odds of developing depression were greater for obese females, compared to obese males, but this difference was not statistically significant. Depression was shown to be a significant risk factor for future obesity in all four relevant MAs with odds ratios ranging from 1.18 (95% CI = 1.13-1.23) to 1.40 (95% CI = 1.14-1.71) . Depressed adolescent females had the highest odds of becoming obese, significantly more so than depressed adolescent males and depressed adults. The quality of the included studies were mixed with five scoring moderate quality, three low quality and two critically low quality.ConclusionThe findings suggest a reciprocal association between depression and obesity, which may be modulated by age and gender. Future research should assess the potential effect of obesity and depression severity more carefully while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. These results warrant the investigation of the effect of obesity or depression intervention on the outcomes of the other.FUNDINGThis research received no financial sponsorship.

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