Equal Parenting Time

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-476
Author(s):  
William V. Fabricius
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Children Of Divorce ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Equal Parenting ◽  
Parent Conflict

This chapter reviews several sources of evidence bearing on the question of whether equal parenting time with both parents is in the best interests of children of divorce. First, the scientific evidence consists of correlational findings that meet four conditions necessary for a causal role of parenting time: A legal context that constrains the possibility of self-selection; a “dose-response” association between parenting time and father-child relationships; positive outcomes when parents disagree and courts impose more parenting time; and negative outcomes when relocations separate fathers and children. Second, the cultural evidence is that norms about parenting roles have changed in the last generation, and this is reflected in public endorsement of equal parenting time. Third, test-case evidence comes from the 2013 equal parenting law in Arizona, which has been evaluated positively by the state’s family law professionals. Finally, examples from recent Canadian case law show courts responding to the new cultural norms by crafting individualized equal parenting time orders over one parent’s objections even in cases of high parent conflict, accompanied by well-reasoned judicial opinions about how that is in children’s best interests. The chapter concludes that the overall pattern of evidence indicates that legal presumptions of equal parenting time would help protect children’s emotional security with each of their divorced parents, and consequently would have a positive effect on public health in the form of reduced long-term stress-related mental and physical health problems among children of divorce.

Apophysites – Revue de la littérature et ­nouvelles directions

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ossification Center ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Pathology Education ◽  
Main Factor

Apophysitis are part of the growth-related diseases within youth athlete population. Despite their high incidence within this growing cohort, many doubts remain. The physiopathology is still debated. Initially, the fragmentation of the ossification center was seen as the main factor of the disease. For few years, this theory has been questioned due to consistent signs of tendon suffering. Apophysitis may have some negative long-term effect on a sporting career. There is currently poor scientific evidence on the optimal management and no treatment has been widely accepted. Prevention remains the most powerful intervention in this particular pathology. Education of the athlete’s sporting entourage (family, coaches and health staff) and the athlete himself is necessary to act quickly and adapt the training load to decrease mechanical stress on the suffering apophysis.

scholarly journals Symposium report: breast cancer in India—trends, environmental exposures and clinical implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-575
Author(s):  
Jasmine A. McDonald ◽  
Roshni Rao ◽  
Marley Gibbons ◽  
Rajiv Janardhanan ◽  
Surinder Jaswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Purpose Incidence of breast cancer (BC), particularly in young women, are rising in India. Without population-based mammography screening, rising rates cannot be attributed to screening. Investigations are needed to understand the potential drivers of this trend. Methods An international team of experts convened to discuss the trends, environmental exposures, and clinical implications associated with BC in India and outlined recommendations for its management. Results Panels were structured across three major BC themes (n = 10 presentations). The symposium concluded with a semi-structured Think Tank designed to elicit short-term and long-term goals that could address the challenges of BC in India. Conclusion There was consensus that the prevalence of late-stage BC and the high BC mortality rates are associated with the practice of detection, which is primarily through clinical and self-breast exams, as opposed to mammography. Triple-Negative BC (TNBC) was extensively discussed, including TNBC etiology and potential risk factors, the limited treatment options, and if reported TNBC rates are supported by rigorous scientific evidence. The Think Tank session yielded long-term and short-term goals to further BC reduction in India and included more regional etiological studies on environmental exposures using existing India-based cohorts and case–control studies, standardization for molecular subtyping of BC cases, and improving the public’s awareness of breast health.

scholarly journals The employment and mental health impact of integrated improving access to psychological therapies services: Evidence on secondary health care utilization from a pragmatic trial in three English counties

2021 ◽  
pp. 135581962199749
Author(s):  
Veronica Toffolutti ◽  
David Stuckler ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Ineke Wolsey ◽  
Judith Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Secondary Health Care

Objective Patients with a combination of long-term physical health problems can face barriers in obtaining appropriate treatment for co-existing mental health problems. This paper evaluates the impact of integrating the improving access to psychological therapies services (IAPT) model with services addressing physical health problems. We ask whether such services can reduce secondary health care utilization costs and improve the employment prospects of those so affected. Methods We used a stepped-wedge design of two cohorts of a total of 1,096 patients with depression and/or anxiety and comorbid long-term physical health conditions from three counties within the Thames Valley from March to August 2017. Panels were balanced. Difference-in-difference models were employed in an intention-to-treat analysis. Results The new Integrated-IAPT was associated with a decrease of 6.15 (95% CI: −6.84 to −5.45) [4.83 (95% CI: −5.47 to −4.19]) points in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [generalized anxiety disorder-7] and £360 (95% CI: –£559 to –£162) in terms of secondary health care utilization costs per person in the first three months of treatment. The Integrated-IAPT was also associated with an 8.44% (95% CI: 1.93% to 14.9%) increased probability that those who were unemployed transitioned to employment. Conclusions Mental health treatment in care model with Integrated-IAPT seems to have significantly reduced secondary health care utilization costs among persons with long-term physical health conditions and increased their probability of employment.

Lead Poisoning: Twenty Years After

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
HENRIETTA SACHS ◽  
DONALD I. MOEL
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

To the Editor.— In October 1991, the Centers for Disease Control decreased the blood lead level PbB) from 25 to 10 µg/dL and designated it as abnormal because of "overwhelming and compelling scientific evidence"1 that 10 µg/dL is associated with adverse neurobehavioral development. We have evidence to the contrary, obtained in a long-term follow-up of severely lead-poisoned children whom we treated before 1972 for PbBs between 80 and 470 µg/dL (mean, 150.3 ± 77.1 µg/dL); their mean age was 28 months.

Außerklinische Beatmung – Konzepte und Therapieempfehlungen

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (16) ◽  
pp. 1197-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schwarz ◽  
Friederike Magnet ◽  
Bernd Schönhofer ◽  
Wolfram Windisch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Home Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Außerklinische Beatmung ◽  
Health Related

AbstractThe prognosis of patients receiving home mechanical ventilation is very heterogeneous and depends on the underlying disease, the degree of respiratory dependency and the comorbidities. Due to the severe chronic diseases, the initiation of a long-term NIV must be done during an inpatient treatment. Two recently published randomized controlled trials using more aggressive forms of NPPV targeted at normalizing hypercapnic PaCO2 values, showed improved long term survival also in patients with an underlying diagnosis of COPD. Consequently, the number of patients receiving home mechanical ventilation has dramatically increased in recent years and more and more outpatient settings has been established without scientific evidence. Nevertheless, beside reliable care structures, ethical aspects and health related quality of life are of great importance in the context of home mechanical ventilation.

scholarly journals Iridoplasty for plateau iris syndrome: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000340
Author(s):  
Hugo Bourdon ◽  
Vittoria Aragno ◽  
Christophe Baudouin ◽  
Antoine Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Argon Laser ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Iridocorneal Angle

Plateau iris syndrome (PIS) is a frequent cause of angle closure. Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) has been proposed in PIS to widen the iridocorneal angle. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the available studies evaluating the efficacy of ALPI on intraocular pressure (IOP), iridocorneal angle opening and the number of medications in patients with chronic angle-closure associated with PIS. One prospective and seven retrospective studies with a minimum 1 month of follow-up were included. Although ALPI seemed to lower IOP, to decrease the number of topical antiglaucoma medications and widen the iridocorneal angle shortly after the procedure, there is no current evidence of long-term efficacy. To date, there is no robust scientific evidence to advocate ALPI as a treatment for chronic angle-closure caused by PIS.

scholarly journals The relationship between net GHG emissions and radiative forcing with an application to Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom M. L. Wigley
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper provides an assessment of Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement on climate; the main goal of which is to provide guidance on how “to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2”. Paraphrasing, Article 4.1 says that, to achieve this end, we should decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions so that net anthropogenic GHG emissions fall to zero in the second half of this century. To aggregate net GHG emissions, 100-year Global Warming Potentials (GWP-100) are commonly used to convert non-CO2 emissions to equivalent CO2 emissions. As a test case using methane, temperature projections using GWP-100 scaling are shown to be seriously in error. This throws doubt on the use of GWP-100 scaling to estimate net GHG emissions. An alternative method to determine the net-zero point for GHG emissions based on radiative forcing is derived. This shows that the net-zero point needs to be reached as early as 2036, much sooner than in the Article 4.1 window. Other scientific flaws in Article 4.1 that further undermine its purpose to guide efforts to achieve the Article 2 temperature targets are discussed.

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