Delivering Administrative Justice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Delivery Model ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Current Systems ◽  
Administrative Justice

This chapter examines administrative justice as a system, asking if justice is delivered (rather than ‘accessed’). The background issues are: What do people seek, and what is the incidence of problems? It notes the relevance of the Regulatory Delivery Model that is being applied to regulatory authorities. It then poses three criteria for evaluation of the system: (1) How do people identify and access information, advice, support, and assistance in solving their problems? (2) How do we ensure that dispute-resolution pathways are simple, effective, and cost-effective and deliver justice to people and organizations? (3) How do we identify systemic problems, and address them so as to reduce risk of future recurrence? The data available for answering those questions in relation to administrative justice in England and Wales do not support comfortable answers as to the functioning of current systems in various respects. Suggestions for future reform and research therefore arise.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Hearing Aid Technology-A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3427-3429
Author(s):  
Animita Das
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System On Chip ◽  
Audio Signals ◽  
Technology System ◽  
The People ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
On Chip ◽  
System 1

Hearing aids are electroacoustic gadgets commonly worn in or behind the ear and are intended to enhance the speech Nowadays hearing aids support various application unlike the traditional ones such that it can act like headphones streaming audio signals from internet-enabled devices connected wirelessly via Bluetooth. This paper aims to review the various advancements in the hearing aid technology. System on chip technology of the microcontroller have been used in various studies to develop and design an effective hearing assistant device and help the people with hearing impairment to lead a normal life. Ten articles have been reviewed for the study and it can be concluded that IoT is the future for an efficient, cost effective hearing assistive system [1]

Effect of Mixing Quality on NOx Emissions in Reheat Combustion of GT24 and GT26 Engines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Michael Du¨sing ◽  
Andrea Ciani ◽  
Adnan Eroglu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Flow Characteristic ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
System 1

Alstoms GT24 and GT26 engines feature a unique sequential combustion system [1, 2]. This system consists of a premixed combustor (called EV), which is followed by a high pressure turbine, a reheat combustor (called SEV) and a low pressure turbine (Figure 1). Recently improvements in NOx performance of the SEV have been demonstrated. Starting with relatively simple methods numerous design variants have been tested and down selected. Further down-selection has been done with methods of increased complexity. Overall a fast and cost effective development process has been assured. During the development process the variation coefficient and unmixedness measured and calculated for mixing only systems (CFD and water channel) has proven to be a reliable indicators for low NOx emissions for the real combustion system on atmospheric and high pressure test rigs. To demonstrate this a comparison of both quantities against NOx emissions is shown. The paper focuses on the NOx results achieved during this development and its relation to mixing quantities. Using this relation, together with a detailed understanding of the flow characteristic in the SEV burner, reductions in NOx emissions for GT24 and GT26 SEV burner and lance hardware can be reached using relatively simple methods.

Internal review systems and administrative justice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Internal Review ◽  
Administrative Justice

Internal review is a process whereby an administrative organization reconsiders its own decisions. The rationales typically offered for internal review are that it provides a means of challenging administrative decisions which is more accessible, quicker, and more cost-effective than external remedies such as appeals to tribunal and judicial review, and encourages improvement in the quality of initial decision-making in public administration. This chapter reviews the use made of internal review and evaluates the performance of several existing systems of internal review, concluding that they have failed to deliver the benefits claimed for them. Possible reasons for this failure are discussed and suggestions made as to what is required for internal review systems to achieve the aims to providing effective remedies for bad decisions and to contributing to improving initial decision-making.

The Changing Face of Assistive Technology

2015 ◽  
pp. 2068-2076
Author(s):  
James R. Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Access Information

Computer-based Assistive Technology (AT) has had a powerful effect on people with disabilities in the areas of reading, writing, communicating, and accessing information. One of the roadblocks for use has always been the expense of AT. Advancements in computing and mobile technology, however, are making some technology more readily available, accessible, and cost effective for people with disabilities. Computer operating systems, for example, now contain features to magnify screens for reading and in the entering of text. The mobile movement of smartphones, e-readers, and tablets has also been changing the way people with disabilities access information. The capabilities of these devices combined with the immediate availability, affordability, and ease of use, has been making the world more accessible for people with disabilities, and with mobile devices increasingly becoming a necessity for most, this trend is anticipated to only continue.

16. Introduction to Judicial and Dispute Resolution Functions

Public Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 484-500
Author(s):  
Andrew Le Sueur ◽  
Maurice Sunkin ◽  
Jo Eric Khushal Murkens
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Court System ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
System A ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Administrative Justice

This chapter provides an overview of the themes covered in Part 4 of the book, consisting of Chapters 16 to 20. Chapter 17 examines the constitutional position of judges within the United Kingdom, looking in particular at judicial independence and at the process by which judges are appointed. Chapter 18 looks at redress mechanisms outside the court system—a terrain often referred to as the landscape of ‘administrative justice’. Chapter 19 examines the grounds on which the courts will judicially review the legality of actions taken by public authorities; Chapter 20 examines the use of human rights arguments against these authorities.

Medical Malpractice: A Challenge to Alternative Dispute Resolution.

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Chester N. Mitchell ◽  
Shona McDiarmid
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Adversarial System ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Fault Compensation

Ideally, medical malpractice actions should deter medical negligence and compensate victims in a manner that is fair, speedy, cost-effective and accessible. Tort critics, however, argue that tort law in general and malpractice actions in particular do not match this ideal. But there is considerable debate about whether the identified faults are inherent or optional in tort adjudication. Those who believe adjudication itself is faulty propose alternative strategies including no-fault compensation schemes, public law prosecution and arbitration. In the paper's first section we consider whether the performance of the traditional adversarial system of dispute resolution in medical malpractice cases is inadequate. Arbitration's effectiveness as an alternative to litigation is then evaluated with reference to three arbitration models employed in the United States. We conclude that arbitration reforms offer distinct advantages but are no panacea for some basic justice problems that stem from political, legal and economic power imbalances between physicians and their clients.

STUDY OF EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR REMOVING OR DISPERSING OIL FROM OPEN WATERS

1971 ◽  
Vol 1971 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
C.H. Henager ◽  
P.C. Walkup ◽  
J.R. Blacklaw ◽  
J.D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Universal System ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT A cost effectiveness analysis was performed for equipment, materials and techniques applicable to the removal or dispersal of spilled oil from U.S. Navy oilers and gasoline tankers on open waters. Effectiveness parameters included oil product types (JP-5, Distillate Fule, Navy Special and Bunker C), a range of spill locations (3 and 12 miles from shore) and varying spill sizes (2,700 gal, 270,000 gal, and 6,750,000 gal). Criteria for evaluation of systems under the above parameter situations, formulated for presently available equipment and materials, included: completeness of oil removal; rate of removal; hazard and pollution; use in limited access areas; sensitivity to expected environmental factors; sensitivity to temperature extremes; toxicity to marine life; and system availability. Cost effectiveness was determined using the 3 spill sizes and checked for spill frequency sensitivity, The three most cost effective systems for the range of spill sizes were found to be burning, dispersing, and mechanical skimming. Considering system applicability to avrious products and the requirements of rate of removal for massive spills, the most practical universal system with a favorable cost effectiveness ratio was found to be dispersing. This is followed by dispersing plus a containment boom. Burning agents applied directly to the spill were judged to be the third best system based on its favorable cost effectiveness but limited applicability to oil types and permissible burning circumstances.

Cost-effective measures to reduce risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
David Silberman ◽  
Keith Perry ◽  
Chris Shay
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reduce Risk

scholarly journals Assessment of Hydrological Inspection using Development Low-Cost Boat Application in University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Lake, Terengganu, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Range Finder ◽  
Hydrographic Survey ◽  
Motor Control System ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Communication Equipment

Unmanned vehicles may provide less time consume and cost-effective methods of gathering hydrographic survey data compared to traditional, manned survey vessels. A remote-controlled Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) was outfitted with range finder, depth transducer, and velocity current meter for the purpose of conducting a hydro survey. The purpose of study to describes a project for the development of Unmanned Survey Vessel (USV) platform useful for hydrological survey. The control unit includes a motor control system, communication equipment, and a simple radio control system installed to enables an operator to remotely control the boat. The motor radio control system, the measurement equipment (sonar depth, current meter, range finder) used in data collecting activities. The result showed the validation values of Hydro Survey Boat Version 1 and Hydro Survey Boat Version 2, the estimated validation of river discharge (Q) recorded 0.0373 m3/s. The significant differences of Q between Hydro Survey Boat Version 1 as 0.0853 m3/s (56.3%) and Hydro Survey Boat Version 2 as 0.042 m3/s (11.2%) which is the Hydro Survey Boat Version 2 recorded more accurate readings compared Hydro Survey Boat Version 1. There are several advantages of this project which is reducing cost, improve efficiency, and reduce risk during hydrology survey. The development survey boat USV is innovation technology and it will improved the hydrological method

Systemic Economic Problems and Effective Mechanisms for Achieving Financial Productivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Mafura K. Uandykova
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Sector Model ◽  
Systemic Problems

At present, when changes in all areas are accelerated, the effective innovative development of the national economy requires the use of innovative mechanisms for managing the economies of industries and regions that contribute to an increase in the rate of economic growth. It is important to understand and use the mutual influence of industries on each other and on overall development in order to create an integrated mechanism for ensuring the productivity of the economy, limiting the growth of prices and the interest of industries in reducing costs and prices for their products. A necessary condition for the stability of the economy is financial productivity, i.e. the exclusion of price increases, since even their growth in products of at least one sector of the economy (especially systemically important), causes an avalanche-like, uncontrolled rise in prices in other sectors. The objectives of this article were to consider precisely these issues and reflect the results of scientific research in this direction. The methods of system analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, the concept of managing the financial productivity of the economy based on research and analysis of inter-industry relations are used. The article examines the systemic problems of a developing economy (raw material orientation), analyzes the state and potential of the regional economies, their contribution to the development of the national economy, examines and analyzes the model of financial productivity using the two-sector model of Kazakhstan's intersectoral balance, proposes control mechanisms for achieving financial productivity: cost-effective mechanisms pricing and taxation; It is shown that their use leads to the interest of industries in lowering costs and prices for products of industries. Recommendations on the use of the considered models are formulated.

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