The Role(s) of Rules in Consequentialist Ethics

2020 ◽  
pp. 440-462
Author(s):  
Brad Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Procedure ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Rightness ◽  
Rule Consequentialism ◽  
Recent Developments

After preliminaries concerning different accounts of the good and the distinction between actual-consequence consequentialism and expected-value consequentialism, this paper explains why consequentialists should prescribe a moral decision procedure dominated by rules. However, act consequentialists deny rules have a role in the criterion of moral rightness. But prescribing a decision procedure dominated by rules and then denying rules a role in the criterion of moral rightness seems problematic. Rule consequentialism gives rules roles first in the decision procedure agents should use and second in the criterion of moral rightness. But giving rules this second role has attracted objections, some of which are outlined and answered here. The final section of the paper considers some recent developments.

scholarly journals Recent developments on the Stieltjes transform of generalized functions

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Sankar Pathak ◽  
Lokenath Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Generalized Functions ◽  
Stieltjes Transform ◽  
Poisson Transform ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Abelian Theorems ◽  
Stieltjes Transforms

This paper is concerned with recent developments on the Stieltjes transform of generalized functions. Sections 1 and 2 give a very brief introduction to the subject and the Stieltjes transform of ordinary functions with an emphasis to the inversion theorems. The Stieltjes transform of generalized functions is described in section 3 with a special attention to the inversion theorems of this transform. Sections 4 and 5 deal with the adjoint and kernel methods used for the development of the Stieltjes transform of generalized functions. The real and complex inversion theorems are discussed in sections 6 and 7. The Poisson transform of generalized functions, the iteration of the Laplace transform and the iterated Stieltjes transfrom are included in sections 8, 9 and 10. The Stieltjes transforms of different orders and the fractional order integration and further generalizations of the Stieltjes transform are discussed in sections 11 and 12. Sections 13, 14 and 15 are devoted to Abelian theorems, initial-value and final-value results. Some applications of the Stieltjes transforms are discussed in section 16. The final section deals with some open questions and unsolved problems. Many important and recent references are listed at the end.

scholarly journals Arktisk politik og regimedannelse i 2010'erne

Nordlit ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
National Authority ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Regime Formation ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Unclos

Recent developments have placed the High North on the international agenda. These include global warming, the prospects of major oil and gas finds, the opening of the Arctic Ocean to international shipping and the ongoing partition of its outer continental shelf between the five coastal states. In the so-called Ilulissat Declaration of 2008 these "Arctic Five" promised to play according to the UNCLOS rules and to shoulder their responsibility as coastal states. Despite this, the future may see both cooperation and conflict in the Arctic. The aim of the article is to discuss the possibilities of cooperative schemes, regimes, to regulate the problems which increasing shipping and extraction industries and fisheries may cause. First, a survey of future Arctic actors and fora is presented. While Arctic politics isstill dominated by the eight members of the Arctic Council, other actors, most clearly China, South Korea, Japan and the European Commission, are pressuring for influence. Furthermore, the Arctic Council is pressured by the "Arctic Five" and has reacted by establishing a secretariat and by adopting its first binding decision, anagreement on cooperation in search and rescue operations. Other relevant fora are the IMO, the WMO and UNCLOS. Next, an inventory of future "tasks" facing the Arctic nations is presented. They include defence tasks, sovereignty tasks, national authority tasks, and tasks, which can only (or best) be handled in regimes. Such regimes seem most needed with respect to international shipping. In the final section the discussion on possible regimes gets more concrete. Many tasks can best be handled by the IMO, but the Arctic Council, the WMO and UNCLOS have also roles to play. In particular, the five Arctic costal states have acrucial role as providers of specific regime services. Without their participation Arctic regime-formation is a non-starter,

scholarly journals The Pope’s Jesus book and the Christologies of the gospels

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim J.C. Weren
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
Redaction Criticism ◽  
Benedict Xvi ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Literary Figure ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Further Development

This article maps out recent developments in the exegetical investigation of Jesus. It starts with a discussion of the Jesus book by Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, in which ‘canonical exegesis’ is used to argue that Johannine Christology is also present in the other gospels and that this Christology actually goes back to Jesus. In this way, the book narrows the gap between the historical Jesus and the Christ of faith. The next section argues for maintaining the multiplicity of images of Jesus as a literary figure that is the fruit of relatively recent approaches: redaction criticism, narrative-semantic analysis and intertextuality. The final section contains a sketch of the current state of research on the historical Jesus and its relevance for Christology. The multiplicity in the literary and historical approaches poses challenges to the further development of Christology.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in the Study of Jews and Judaism in Luke-Acts

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-87
Author(s):  
Jason F. Moraff
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Relationship

This article surveys and assesses recent developments in the study of the depiction of Jews and Judaism in Luke-Acts since 2010. Studies are grouped into three general, often overlapping approaches. First, identity construction proves to be a productive avenue of research for understanding Luke’s portrait of ‘the Jews’. Second, scholars have begun to investigate the place of Luke-Acts in the ‘parting(s) of the ways’. Third, others continue to evaluate the relationship between the Jewish people, the covenant, and Luke’s future hope for Israel. The final section outlines some common issues and potential areas for further study, highlighting how these studies have reinvigorated a stagnant debate.

WTO and Dairy Trade

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
K. Elumalai ◽  
R.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

This paper critically analyzes the extent of liberalization of international dairy trade under WTO rules. The paper is organized into four sections. The first section presents a brief history of international dairy trade negotiations under GATT. The broad disciplines of GATT and the current issues related to their implemen- tation are presented in the second section. The recent developments on agricultural trade negotiations are presented in the third section and the concluding remarks are made in the final section.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. lvi-12
Author(s):  
Carlos Gussenhoven ◽  
Aoju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Level Of Understanding

This chapter identifies three recent developments that have helped to promote the study of language prosody in recent years. It briefly reviews definitions of language prosody, points out that these vary in their emphasis on form or function, and concludes that definitions are closely linked to the level of understanding that has been reached in the field. The chapter presents an account of the decisions that were made at the outset of the project and lays out the handbook’s structure. A final section lists a number of topics that have not been included and gives reasons for their absence from the survey.

Recent Contributions to the Study of the Reception of the Bible and Their Implications for Biblical Studies in Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 329-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Stenschke
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Introductory Section ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Detailed Presentation

This article surveys a number of recent studies on the reception of biblical material in the Bible itself or in later works and periods. It endeavours to present studies that are representative of the nature and extent of the shift in the past two decades from the Bible itself to its rich reception history. An introductory section describes how recent developments in hermeneutics have shown to what extent hermeneutics is a historical discipline. After a detailed presentation and assessment, a final section draws some conclusion for the tasks ahead for biblical studies and related disciplines in Africa.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in the Thought of Quentin Skinner and the Ambitions of Contextualism

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn this article, I chart some recent developments in the linguistic contextualist philosophy of history defended by Quentin Skinner. I attempt to identify several shifts in the way in which Skinner's position has been presented and justified, focusing particularly on his embrace of anti-foundationalism, his focus on rhetoric rather than speech-acts and his concern to recast contextualism as compatible with other interpretive approaches. In the final section, I reject the notion – suggested by Skinner and others – that a contextualist philosophy of history might constitute a distinct form of political theorizing in itself.

Consequentialism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McNaughton ◽  
Piers Rawling
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Procedure ◽  
Moral Thinking ◽  
Moral View ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Rule Consequentialism ◽  
The World ◽  
Act Consequentialism ◽  
The Right

Consequentialism is sometimes taken to be a moral view according to which acts are to be assessed solely by the value of their consequences, in contrast to deontological ethical theories, which hold that certain kinds of action are wrong, and others right, independently of the goodness or badness of their outcomes This account, however, oversimplifies matters. Contemporary consequentialism is a family of moral theories united by their fundamental concern with value. They need not assess acts in these terms; and those that do need not be concerned only with consequences. Act-consequentialism, for instance, although it does assess acts – the right act maximizes the good – need not measure the value of an act only by the value of its consequences: acts themselves may have their own intrinsic worth, for example. Rule-consequentialism assesses rules rather than acts: right acts are those that accord with a set of rules whose general acceptance would best promote the good. Act-consequentialism builds on what seems to be the merest truism, namely that morality is concerned with making the world a better place for all. Certainly, consequentialist considerations figure importantly in issues of public policy – penal, economic or educational programmes are standardly judged by the goodness or badness of their results. Nevertheless, act-consequentialism is at odds with ordinary moral thinking in (at least) three respects. First, it seems excessively onerous, because the requirement to make the world as good as possible would demand all our time and effort. Second, it leaves no room for the special duties that we take ourselves to have to those close to us: family, friends and fellow citizens. Third, it might require us, on occasion, to do dreadful things in order to bring about a good result. Consequentialists standardly try to bring their theory closer to common thinking by amending it in one of two ways: either by tinkering with how we should decide on what to do (the decision procedure), or by assessing something other than our actions. Rule-consequentialism exemplifies the latter strategy: its rules may bear a fairly close resemblance to the moral rules with which we now operate. Indirect act-consequentialism (note that nomenclature varies among authors, so these doctrines may appear in other places under different names) adopts the former approach. Since it is a form of act-consequentialism, it claims that the right act maximizes the good. But, unlike direct act-consequentialism, indirect act-consequentialism denies that we should focus on the maximization of value in deciding what to do. Rather, we should follow ordinary moral thought – we may get closer to making the world as good as possible by caring for our friends and relatives, pursuing our personal projects, and steering clear of radical acts, even when they hold the promise of a better world.

Electronic Voting in the French Legislative Elections of 2012

2014 ◽  
pp. 176-198
Author(s):  
Susan Collard ◽  
Elodie Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
First Time

This chapter presents an analysis of the unprecedented use of electronic voting by expatriates during the French 2012 legislative elections, when they elected their own representatives (referred to here as ‘deputies'), to the National Assembly in Paris for the first time, in 11 newly created overseas constituencies. The study is presented within the broader perspective of electronic voting in France more generally, and in the historical context of extra-territorial voting by French expatriates. The authors discuss the main issues and controversies that arose during the 2012 elections, and in a final section analyse the results. The authors conclude by drawing attention to recent developments in electronic voting in France since the 2012 elections, which suggest that although there was much criticism expressed by experts of electronic voting as to the security and transparency of the system used, the official discourse that acclaimed the experience as a success, appears to have convinced its target audience.

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