The Accuracy of Personality Trait Judgments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana S. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personality Judgment ◽  
Workplace Interactions ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Judgment Process

How accurately can we judge the personality traits of ourselves and others? What are the factors that influence our ability to make correct judgments? How can we use this information to improve our social interactions and relationships? In this introduction to the Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment, the reader is introduced to the study of personality trait accuracy. Foundations of this research are reviewed and an overview of the volume is provided. Chapters explore current judgment models and review empirical work on moderators of accuracy, including characteristics of judges, targets, traits, and information. They explain the challenges encountered when judging different types of targets and examine how different kinds of information contribute to the judgment process. The applications and implications of this work for relationships, workplace interactions, and evaluations of psychological health and functioning are discussed. Ways to improve accuracy and future directions for research on trait accuracy are offered.

Conclusions and Future Directions for the Study of Accurate Personality Judgment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tera D. Letzring
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personality Judgment ◽  
Exciting Time ◽  
And Training

This chapter identifies several well-established findings and overarching themes within personality trait accuracy research, and highlights especially promising directions for future research. Topics include (1) theoretical frameworks for accuracy, (2) moderators of accuracy and the context or situation in which judgments are made, (3) the important consequences of accuracy, (4) interventions and training programs to increase judgmental ability and judgability, (5) the generalizability of previous findings, and (6) standardized tests of the accuracy of judging personality traits. The chapter ends by stating that it is an exciting time to be a researcher studying the accuracy of personality trait judgments.

scholarly journals (OLDER) PEOPLE REMEMBER HOW YOU MAKE THEM FEEL: AGE DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL EXCHANGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S178-S178
Author(s):  
Madeline M Marello ◽  
Julie Hicks Patrick ◽  
Abigail M Nehrkorn-Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Emotionally Focused ◽  
Negative Social Interactions

Abstract Socioemotional Selectivity Theory poses that as we age our motivations transition from knowledge focused to emotionally focused (Carstensen, 1995). This shift to emotional motivation increases the relevance of relationships and social interactions for older adults. We examined different aspects of social support: frequency of positive/negative social interactions, satisfaction with positive social interactions, and bothered by social interactions -- to investigate these effects on one’s global well-being. Negative and positive social exchanges are linked to psychological health (Newsom et al., 2005), however one’s perceptions of those social interactions are important to consider as well -- being satisfied or bothered by social interactions shows a better perspective of the individual’s experience than simply recording frequency. The results of our multi-group path analysis show that there are different effects of social supports on global well-being contingent on age, consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory. For adults under 30 years old (Mage = 24.0, range 18 to 29) social support did not significantly relate to well-being. For adults over 30 and under 50 (Mage = 38.9) frequency of positive social interactions is significantly related to well-being (B = .201). For adults over 50 (Mage = 58.8, range 50 to 87) the perception of social exchanges, not their frequency, are what influence well-being: both satisfaction with positive social interactions (B = .402) and being bothered by negative social interactions predict well-being (B = -.193). It is important to know that older adult’s perceptions of social exchanges effect their well-being, future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Overview of organic memory devices

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1905) ◽  
pp. 4141-4157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Prime ◽  
S. Paul
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Memory Devices ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Organic Memory ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Organic Memory Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Charging Mechanism ◽  
Memory Structures

The demand for more efficient and faster memory structures is greater today than ever before. The efficiency of memory structures is measured in terms of storage capacity and the speed of functioning. However, the production cost of such configurations is the natural constraint on how much can be achieved. Organic memory devices (OMDs) provide an ideal solution, in being inexpensive, and at the same time promising high performance. However, all OMDs reported so far suffer from multiple drawbacks that render their industrial implementation premature. This article introduces the different types of OMDs, discusses the progress in this field over the last 9 years and invokes conundrums that scholars of this field are currently faced with, such as questions about the charging mechanism and stability of devices, contradictions in the published work and some future directions.

scholarly journals Testing of the Possibilities of Using IMUs with Different Types of Movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Kajánek
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Measurement Units

Inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained navigation technique. Its main purpose is to determinate the position and the trajectory of the object´s movement in space. This technique is well represented not only as a supplementary method (GPS/INS integrated system) but as an autonomous system for navigation of vehicles and pedestrians, also. The aim of this paper is to design a test for low-cost inertial measurement units. The test results give us information about accuracy, which determine the possible use in indoor navigation or other applications. There are described some methods for processing the data obtained by inertial measurement units, which remove noise and improve accuracy of position and orientation.

scholarly journals Exploring the change patterns in retirees’ psychological health using growth mixture modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-126
Author(s):  
Songhwa Doo ◽  
JaeYoon Chang
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Different Types

Using growth mixture modeling which tracks unobserved heterogeneity in population, the current study explored the change patterns of retirees’ psychological health and investigated factors influencing each developmental trajectory. Specifically, based on role theory, continuity theory, and resources theory, it was hypothesized that retirees would display three different types of psychological patterns: the maintaining, enhancing, and declining pattern. In order to test the above expectation, I adapted panel data of the Korean Retirement and Income Study including a total of 436 retirees who participated in survey every other year since 2005 to 2011. Results revealed that there are two distinct change patterns of retirees’ psychological health: the enhancing pattern and the declining pattern. Following was logistic regression analysis which investigated factors influencing each pattern. As a result, it was found that those with higher education and pre-retire satisfaction on health and economic status were more likely to display the enhancing pattern. On the other hand, those who retired late and retired due to health problems were more likely to display the declining pattern.

The role of the child psychiatric ward in health care: experiences with different types of admissions over a period of twenty-one years

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Colin Gray ◽  
Douglas Chisholm ◽  
Patricia Smith ◽  
Madeline Brown ◽  
Christina McKay
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Psychiatric Unit ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Health Care Experiences ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

AbstractThe concept of the child psychiatric unit is considered. The character, capacities and activities of one unit are described and some features of the admissions over its first 21 years are discussed in relation to the findings of other studies. Among the factors considered are the patients' presenting diagnoses, their sex, their physical health and their length of stay in the Unit. Some possible future directions for the Unit are discussed, and the pattern of work over the two decades covered by the study is related to current and future requirements. It is suggested that for several categories of disorder, a child psychiatric unit offers unique advantages in both assessment and treatment.

Brain, Beauty, and Art

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Creative Arts ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Short History ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Music And Architecture ◽  
Volume Targets ◽  
Near Future

Neuroscience joins the long history of discussions about aesthetics in psychology, philosophy, art history, and the creative arts. In this volume, leading scholars in this nascent field reflect on the promise of neuroaesthetics to enrich our understanding of this universal yet diverse facet of human experience. The volume will inform and stimulate anyone with an abiding interest in why it is that, across time and culture, we respond to beauty, engage with art, and are affected by music and architecture. The volume consists of essays from foundational researchers whose empirical work launched the field. Each essay is anchored to an original, peer-reviewed paper from the short history of this new and burgeoning subdiscipline of cognitive neuroscience. Authors of each essay were asked three questions: (1) What motivated the original paper? (2) What were the main findings or theoretical claims made?, and (3) How do those findings or claims fit with the current state and anticipated near future of neuroaesthetics? Together, these essays establish the territory and current boundaries of neuroaesthetics and identify its most promising future directions. Topics include models of neuroaesthetics and discussions of beauty, art, dance, music, literature, and architecture. The volume targets the general public; it also serves as an important resource for scientists, humanitarians, educators, and newcomers to the field, and it will catalyze interdisciplinary conversations critical to the maturation of this young field.

Social Interaction Effects

2011 ◽  
pp. 1454-1458
Author(s):  
Erik den Hartigh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Internet Forum ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Photo Camera ◽  
Social Interaction Effects

Direct social interactions between economic agents (people) are important in determining their choices. When choosing a new car, you will likely ask some of your friends or acquaintances what their opinion is on different types and brands of cars. When choosing a new photo camera, you are likely to visit an Internet forum to see what other peoples’ opinions are on the different brands and types of cameras. These are examples of social interaction. Social interaction effects are therefore important in determining buying behavior. The rise of the Internet has considerably facilitated such social interactions, making social interaction effects even more important.

The Financial Clouds Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chang ◽  
Chung-Sheng Li ◽  
David De Roure ◽  
Gary Wills ◽  
Robert John Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Square ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Black Scholes Model ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Financial Software

This paper demonstrates financial enterprise portability, which involves moving entire application services from desktops to clouds and between different clouds, and is transparent to users who can work as if on their familiar systems. To demonstrate portability, reviews for several financial models are studied, where Monte Carlo Methods (MCM) and Black Scholes Model (BSM) are chosen. A special technique in MCM, Least Square Methods, is used to reduce errors while performing accurate calculations. Simulations for MCM are performed on different types of Clouds. Benchmark and experimental results are presented for discussion. 3D Black Scholes are used to explain the impacts and added values for risk analysis. Implications for banking are also discussed, as well as ways to track risks in order to improve accuracy. A conceptual Cloud platform is used to explain the contributions in Financial Software as a Service (FSaaS) and the IBM Fined Grained Security Framework. This study demonstrates portability, speed, accuracy, and reliability of applications in the clouds, while demonstrating portability for FSaaS and the Cloud Computing Business Framework (CCBF).

scholarly journals Exploring the effects of long-term anti-social behaviour victimisation

2020 ◽  
pp. 026975802096197
Author(s):  
Vicky Heap
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Insight Into

Despite victimological interest in the impacts of different types of criminal victimisation, there is little empirical work that examines the effects of sub-criminal behaviour on victims. This article begins to redress the balance by reporting the findings from a qualitative research project in England that investigated the effects of long-term anti-social behaviour victimisation. Semi-structured interviews explored victims’ accounts of the long-term anti-social behaviour they experienced and the resultant effects it had on their lives. The research uncovered that victims experience a range of mental and physical health effects as well as behavioural changes and has provided the first in-depth insight into the impact of this type of victimisation. The findings suggest the cumulative harms associated with anti-social behaviour need to be better acknowledged, understood and addressed, with greater support made available to victims.

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