Devolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Over Time

This chapter attempts to draw out comparisons and make sense of devolution as a UK-wide phenomenon. Devolution has taken a variety of forms at different times in different parts of the UK. A key aim of the chapter is to describe these varieties and explain why no common form of devolution emerged. Devolution may be a form of constitutional development but it has always been linked to wider socio-demographic and economic developments as much as to the sense of collective identities. Some interpretations emphasize the role of national identity in the demands for devolution in Scotland and Wales while others lay more emphasis on differences in political preferences that stimulated demands for self-government. No understanding of the politics of devolution is complete without an appreciation of the roles of identity, the party systems, political and public policy preferences, and how these changed over time.

Reconsidering institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Kate Crowley ◽  
Jenny Stewart ◽  
Adrian Kay ◽  
Brian W. Head
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Complex Landscape ◽  
Emergent Networks ◽  
Over Time

Although institutions are central to the study of public policy, the focus upon them has shifted over time. This chapter is concerned with the role of institutions in problem solving and the utility of an evolving institutional theory that has significantly fragmented. It argues that the rise of new institutionalism in particular is symptomatic of the growing complexity in problems and policy making. We review the complex landscape of institutional theory, we reconsider institutions in the context of emergent networks and systems in the governance era, and we reflect upon institutions and the notion of policy shaping in contemporary times. We find that network institutionalism, which draws upon policy network and community approaches, has a particular utility for depicting and explaining complex policy.

The role of the Market in Career Counselling Delivery

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Watts ◽  
Tony Watts
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Career Counselling ◽  
New Right ◽  
Market Maker ◽  
Guidance Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

This article explores the roles of public policy in career guidance delivery. Traditionally, most career guidance services have been structured towards the provision of social welfare to the public sector. The New Right critique of this has led to attempts to apply market principles to guidance delivery. This can take the form of a market or quasi-market in guidance. However, guidance can also be viewed as a market-maker: a means of making the labour market and education and training markets work more effectively. Some experiments in applying these principles in the UK and elsewhere are analysed.

What Factors Determine Changes in House Prices and Rents?

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Meen ◽  
Christine Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Price Trends ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Over Time

Whatever measure of affordability is used house prices and rents play a central role and Chapter 3 is concerned with what causes these two variables to change over time and vary across different parts of the country. Although increases in house prices have been particularly strong in the UK by international standards, other countries are also discussed. In fact, house price trends and volatility can be explained by a fairly small number of variables – and their influence has been remarkably consistent over the last fifty years. The problem has been rather that house prices are very sensitive to changes in incomes, interest rates and credit conditions and these vary greatly over time. Therefore, modest changes in macroeconomic conditions have disproportionate effects on housing. UK empirical work on market rents is less well-developed than for house prices, but the chapter considers the reasons why rents appear to have risen at a slower rate than house prices.

Civil Society Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Ekiert
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Distinct Mode ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Beneficial Role ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Over Time

The idea of civil society resurrected in the 1970s has been one of the most important concepts guiding reflection on political transformations of contemporary societies. This chapter discusses various understandings of the concept and the asserted role civil society has in shaping political and economic outcomes. It points to established consensus on the beneficial role of civil society as a political project and a set of normative principles, but it emphasizes disagreements about how civil society is defined and measured, how it evolves over time, what dimensions of politics and public policy it shapes, and what are the mechanisms through which it affects the quality of democracy and resistance to authoritarianism. It also explores the idea of the civil society strategy as a distinct mode of political transformations as opposed to the revolutionary strategy. Finally, it suggests that civil society can be construed as a discrete analytical optics for analysing political change.

scholarly journals Retrospective economic judgments predict individual-level changes in vote preference in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-289
Author(s):  
Hui Bai ◽  
Christopher M. Federico
Keyword(s):  
Economic Voting ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vote Preference ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
Over Time

While many studies have investigated what predicts citizens’ vote preferences, less is known about what predicts change in citizens’ vote preferences over time. This paper focuses on the role of judgments about national economy in the recent past (i.e., “sociotropic economic retrospections”). Two longitudinal studies show that sociotropic economic retrospections (along with partisanship, ideology, and whether incumbent is running for re-election) at a given time point predict within-person changes in vote choice over time. Furthermore, cross-lagged panel analyses found that sociotropic economic retrospections and political preferences may have reciprocal effects on each other. Together, these results illustrate the temporal dimension of economic voting by suggesting that sociotropic economic retrospections not only predict votes at single points in time, but also individual-level shifts in vote preference over time. As such, the association between sociotropic economic retrospections and vote preference is more dynamic than past literature suggests.

scholarly journals The Role of Slovenian Local Government in the Wine Tourism Promotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-766
Author(s):  
Maja Žibert ◽  
Črtomir Rozman ◽  
Marjetka Rangus ◽  
Boštjan Brumen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Parts

Wine, viticulture, and winemaking are an important cornerstone of economic development, culture, and tourism. Especially in wine-growing parts of the world where symbols related to wine are used even as local or national symbols. Viticulture and its complementary branches are differently developed in different parts of the world – the predisposition of further development, however, is also influenced importantly by positions of different identification referential groups which they have towards the use of wine and further development of the profession. Based on the research of standpoints of the mayors in the Republic of Slovenia, which could be presented as “wine-growing country” with regards to the extent of the vine, we can assert that mayors with their relationship towards wine and their operations influence the use of local wine for the tourist promotion of destination importantly. According to that, we figure out that mayors play an important role in the development of “public policy” in the local environment. In the forming of the positions towards the use of wine for the promotion, the direct experiences are important, as well as the environment where the mayors come from and all identification elements in the sense of cultural heritage, tradition, and development of the branch.

The English Science Cities

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Charles ◽  
Felicity Wray
Keyword(s):  
Local Governance ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Governance Of Science ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Urban And Regional Development ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Science Cities ◽  
Over Time

Six English cities were designated by the UK Government as science cities in 2004 and 2005, with the intention that local consortia develop strategies for the realisation of this vision. Previous definitions of science cities are explored to show how the concept has evolved over time, with the English initiative placed within a global context to show how it adapts previous models to the specific needs of the UK and fits with academic debates on the local governance of science and the role of innovation in urban and regional development. The six cases are briefly examined as to their aims and the nature of their governance and approach and potential benefits of the initiative are outlined to show how it may contribute to a new perspective on the role of cities in science and economic development in the UK.

Performance Measurement of Technology Ventures by Science and Technology Institutions

2018 ◽  
pp. 4774-4784
Author(s):  
Artie W. Ng ◽  
Benny C. F. Cheung ◽  
Peggy M. L. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Management Of Technology ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Institutional Stakeholders ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Technology Ventures

Science and technology institutions are established by governments to promote advancement of science and technology in support of their social economic developments. The purpose of this study is to deliberate a framework for monitoring and assessment of technology ventures exploiting disruptive technologies from the standpoint of a science and technology institution. This framework harnessing both internal resources and externalities aims to enhance the role of institutional stakeholders in governing and nurturing technology ventures. This approach stresses the dynamics between resource management and the external landscapes as critical considerations in performance measurement and management of technology ventures. Such dynamic interaction between a science and technology institution and a cluster of technology ventures under its supervision is expected to evolve over time with frequent reassessments of its technology foresight.

FOI and the remaking of politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Worthy
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
High Profile ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines how the same complex dynamics that shape FOI formulation continue after the passage of legislation. This chapter looks across the country cases, beginning with the UK, to see how FOI interacts with its wider environment and new ideas around openness (Posen 2013). It examines thematically the role of various, sometimes competing and contradictory, influences on the legislation post-implementation: including high profile scandal Lock-in of FOI legislation with the gradual ‘normalising’ of openness systems within bureaucracies over time, assisted by the integration of independent appeal bodies, helping to entrench FOI within systems as an ‘everyday’ activity (Hazell and Worthy 2010: Kimball 2012). It looks at attempts to strengthen FOI and attempts to weaken FOI. The chapter ends by mapping out the complex dynamics and pattern of post –implementation FOI. It examining what groups (government factions, users, media) and what events, both real and symbolic, (crisis, electoral victory, reform programmes) can help trigger the different dynamics and how they can change (Hillebrandt, Curtin and Meijer 2012).

Where's the ‘Faith’ in ‘Faith-Based’ Organisations? The Evolution and Practice of Faith-Based Homelessness Services in the UK

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH JOHNSEN
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Welfare Agencies ◽  
Over Time

AbstractDrawing upon a qualitative exploration of the role of faith-based organisations (FBOs) in service provision for homeless people in the UK, this paper examines the ways in which the ‘faith’ in ‘faith-based’ services is articulated and experienced ‘on the ground’. It demonstrates that the ‘F’ in FBO is expressed in a myriad of nuanced ways, and that the strength of ‘coupling’ between many welfare agencies and organised religion has diminished over time such that some projects’ faith affiliation or heritage is now evident in palimpsest only. Homeless people do in fact often find it difficult to discern tangible differences between avowedly ‘faith-based’ and ‘secular’ projects, given a blurring of boundaries between the religious and the secular. These findings problematise FBO typologies, and highlight the complexity and fluidity of the very concept of ‘FBO’ itself. Certainly, they suggest that the differences between faith-based and secular provision should not be exaggerated, whilst recognising the importance of faith to the motivations of many service providers and the potential value of the (optional) ‘spiritual’ support offered by most FBOs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document