The English Science Cities

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Charles ◽  
Felicity Wray
Keyword(s):  
Local Governance ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Governance Of Science ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Urban And Regional Development ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Science Cities ◽  
Over Time

Six English cities were designated by the UK Government as science cities in 2004 and 2005, with the intention that local consortia develop strategies for the realisation of this vision. Previous definitions of science cities are explored to show how the concept has evolved over time, with the English initiative placed within a global context to show how it adapts previous models to the specific needs of the UK and fits with academic debates on the local governance of science and the role of innovation in urban and regional development. The six cases are briefly examined as to their aims and the nature of their governance and approach and potential benefits of the initiative are outlined to show how it may contribute to a new perspective on the role of cities in science and economic development in the UK.

The English Science Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 1079-1095
Author(s):  
David R. Charles ◽  
Felicity Wray
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Urban And Regional Development ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Science Cities ◽  
Over Time

Six English cities were designated by the UK Government as science cities in 2004 and 2005, with the intention that local consortia develop strategies for the realisation of this vision. Previous definitions of science cities are explored to show how the concept has evolved over time, with the English initiative placed within a global context to show how it adapts previous models to the specific needs of the UK and fits with academic debates on the local governance of science and the role of innovation in urban and regional development. The six cases are briefly examined as to their aims and the nature of their governance and approach and potential benefits of the initiative are outlined to show how it may contribute to a new perspective on the role of cities in science and economic development in the UK.

scholarly journals Regulation of miRNAs by Natural Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on SIRT1 and eNOS

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Yunna Lee ◽  
Eunok Im
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The potential benefits of natural antioxidants derived from supplemental nutrients against CVDs are well known. Remarkably, natural antioxidants exert cardioprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress, increasing vasodilation, and normalizing endothelial dysfunction. Recently, considerable evidence has highlighted an important role played by the synergistic interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the maintenance of endothelial function. To provide a new perspective on the role of natural antioxidants against CVDs, we focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), which are important posttranscriptional modulators in human diseases. Several miRNAs are regulated via the consumption of natural antioxidants and are related to the regulation of oxidative stress by targeting eNOS and/or SIRT1. In this review, we have discussed the specific molecular regulation of eNOS/SIRT1-related endothelial dysfunction and its contribution to CVD pathologies; furthermore, we selected nine different miRNAs that target the expression of eNOS and SIRT1 in CVDs. Additionally, we have summarized the alteration of miRNA expression and regulation of activities of miRNA through natural antioxidant consumption.

Geospatial data in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Jozefowicz ◽  
Merlin Stone ◽  
Eleni Aravopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Western Country ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the rise of geospatial data, its importance for business and some of the problems associated with its development and use. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews a certain amount of previously published literature but is based mainly on analysis of the very large number of responses to a consultation paper on geospatial data published by the UK Government. Findings The findings are that while there is strong appreciation of the potential benefits of using geospatial data, there are many barriers to the development, sharing and use of geospatial data, ranging from problems of incompatibility in data definitions and systems to regulatory issues. The implication for governments and for providers and users of geospatial data relates to the need to take a long-term approach to planning in resolving the issues identified. Research limitations/implications The research findings are limited to the UK, but similar findings would be likely in any other large Western country. Practical implications This paper confirms the need for a strong and coherent approach to the planning of geospatial data and systems for the establishment of a clear basis for the different parties to work together and the need to clearly separate the roles of the government in establishing frameworks and standards and the role of the private sector in developing applications and solutions. Social implications Society is increasingly dependent on the use of geospatial data, in improving living standards and dealing with social problems. The recommendations identified in this paper, if followed, will facilitate these improvements. Originality/value The value of this paper is the tight synthesis that it provides of a wide ranging and complex range of responses to the UK Government consultation and placing these responses in the wider context of the development of geospatial data.

FOI and the remaking of politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Worthy
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
High Profile ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines how the same complex dynamics that shape FOI formulation continue after the passage of legislation. This chapter looks across the country cases, beginning with the UK, to see how FOI interacts with its wider environment and new ideas around openness (Posen 2013). It examines thematically the role of various, sometimes competing and contradictory, influences on the legislation post-implementation: including high profile scandal Lock-in of FOI legislation with the gradual ‘normalising’ of openness systems within bureaucracies over time, assisted by the integration of independent appeal bodies, helping to entrench FOI within systems as an ‘everyday’ activity (Hazell and Worthy 2010: Kimball 2012). It looks at attempts to strengthen FOI and attempts to weaken FOI. The chapter ends by mapping out the complex dynamics and pattern of post –implementation FOI. It examining what groups (government factions, users, media) and what events, both real and symbolic, (crisis, electoral victory, reform programmes) can help trigger the different dynamics and how they can change (Hillebrandt, Curtin and Meijer 2012).

Where's the ‘Faith’ in ‘Faith-Based’ Organisations? The Evolution and Practice of Faith-Based Homelessness Services in the UK

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH JOHNSEN
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Welfare Agencies ◽  
Over Time

AbstractDrawing upon a qualitative exploration of the role of faith-based organisations (FBOs) in service provision for homeless people in the UK, this paper examines the ways in which the ‘faith’ in ‘faith-based’ services is articulated and experienced ‘on the ground’. It demonstrates that the ‘F’ in FBO is expressed in a myriad of nuanced ways, and that the strength of ‘coupling’ between many welfare agencies and organised religion has diminished over time such that some projects’ faith affiliation or heritage is now evident in palimpsest only. Homeless people do in fact often find it difficult to discern tangible differences between avowedly ‘faith-based’ and ‘secular’ projects, given a blurring of boundaries between the religious and the secular. These findings problematise FBO typologies, and highlight the complexity and fluidity of the very concept of ‘FBO’ itself. Certainly, they suggest that the differences between faith-based and secular provision should not be exaggerated, whilst recognising the importance of faith to the motivations of many service providers and the potential value of the (optional) ‘spiritual’ support offered by most FBOs.

Devolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Over Time

This chapter attempts to draw out comparisons and make sense of devolution as a UK-wide phenomenon. Devolution has taken a variety of forms at different times in different parts of the UK. A key aim of the chapter is to describe these varieties and explain why no common form of devolution emerged. Devolution may be a form of constitutional development but it has always been linked to wider socio-demographic and economic developments as much as to the sense of collective identities. Some interpretations emphasize the role of national identity in the demands for devolution in Scotland and Wales while others lay more emphasis on differences in political preferences that stimulated demands for self-government. No understanding of the politics of devolution is complete without an appreciation of the roles of identity, the party systems, political and public policy preferences, and how these changed over time.

scholarly journals The role of frequent engagement in alliances in firm likelihood to patent

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-938
Author(s):  
Despoina Filiou ◽  
Heinz Tusselmann ◽  
Lawrence Green
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Alliance Portfolio ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alliance Management ◽  
Alliance Experience ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of alliance experience in firm innovation; it argues that, while cumulative alliance experience has a marginally diminishing contribution to likelihood of firm innovation over time, frequent engagement in alliances and an expanding alliance portfolio inhabit an enhancing role. This reveals new dimensions to the role of alliance experience as an antecedent to firm learning in managing alliances and to the development of alliance capabilities. Design/methodology/approach The paper estimates a range of models identifying the relationship between alliance experience and firm innovation. The panel data sample captures the full range of firms active in the UK bio-pharmaceuticals sector during the early stages of its development observing them from 1991 to 2001. An exploratory case study analysis is employed to shed light on the nuanced factors linking frequent engagement in alliances to the development of practices for efficient alliance management. Findings The paper shows that cumulative alliance experience has a marginally diminishing contribution to likelihood of firm innovation over time, while frequent engagement in alliances and the ensuing expansion of alliance portfolios enhance firm innovation. The exploratory case analysis demonstrates a link between frequent engagement in alliances and the development of processes for alliance management that could collectively reflect alliance capabilities. Originality/value Contribution derives from a longitudinal analysis of an original panel data set that maps the UK bio-pharmaceuticals sector over the initial period of its development. The paper sheds light on factors that can compel firms to form alliance capabilities, and extends a currently thin body of work on the foundations and antecedents to alliance and alliance portfolio capabilities.

scholarly journals Wartość poznawcza sztuki filmowej. Implikacje Stanisława Lema filozofii literatury

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Magdalena Żołud
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cognitive Value ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The World ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Literature And Film ◽  
Over Time

The cognitive value of film art. The implications of Stanisław Lem’s philosophy of literatureSince the mid-twentieth century, audiovisuality has taken over the means of communication. Progress in technology has contributed to the dynamic development of media such as film and television. Today we can safely admit that life is under the pressure of audiovisual media. The film is an element of common experience, part of everyday life. The question is whether it is also cognitively valuable? Can a movie be a model that helps you to know yourself, your place in the world, relationships with others? And if so, how much can you trust such knowledge? The aim of this article is to reflect on the cognitive value of films, in the light of Stanislaw Lem’s theory of the reception of literature. The author compares a literary work to a model that represents a fragment or the whole of reality. Modeling is a design that lets us look at old problems from a new perspective or sheds light on the issues we did not realize before. An artwork becomes a model when, over time, it is recognized as outstanding by the public. Then the presented vision of the world begins to function as cognitively valuable. However, this is largely a random process. Similarly, it can be applied to a movie. The use of Lem’s theory for the analysis of literature and film aims to illustrate the importance of cognitive and culture-creating role of these arts.

scholarly journals Expectations, vote choice and opinion stability since the 2016 Brexit referendum

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Grynberg ◽  
Stefanie Walter ◽  
Fabio Wasserfallen
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

A surprising development in the post-referendum Brexit process has been that vote intentions have remained largely stable, despite the cumbersome withdrawal negotiations. We examine this puzzle by analyzing the role of voters’ expectations about the European Union’s willingness to accommodate the UK after the pro-Brexit vote. Using data from the British Election Study, we explore how these expectations are updated over time, and how they are related to vote intentions. We find that voters who were more optimistic about the European Union’s response were more likely to vote Leave. Over the course of the negotiations, Leavers have become more disillusioned. These adjustments, however, have not translated into shifts in vote intentions. Overall, we find evidence that motivated reasoning is an important driver of public opinion on Brexit.

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