Revelation in German Idealism

Author(s):  
Cyril O’Regan

This chapter explores how revelation functions in German Idealism, especially in the case of G. W. F Hegel (1770–1831) and F. W. J. Schelling (1775–1854), both of whom were hospitable to the idea of revelation in a way that J. G. Fichte (1762–1814) was not. Against the background of a general questioning of the standard theistic account of revelation, and of Fichte’s violent rejection of it and Kant’s moral reduction, both Hegel and Schelling attempted to revise revelation to take into account the dynamic self-manifesting character of the divine such that, at the very least, the creation of nature and human being is not accidental. After a synopsis of the development of the thought of each, the chapter focuses on representative texts: Hegel’s Phenomenology (1807) and Schelling’s Philosophie der Offenbarung (1841–1842). While structurally speaking in their philosophies of revelation Hegel and Schelling have much in common, there is much that divides them both methodologically and substantively. When it comes to explaining revelation, Hegel is confident in a way that Schelling is not. When it comes to register, in the case of Hegel the register is reason, in the case of Schelling, will. Finally, when it comes to constructing the relation between God and world, Hegel emphasizes their logical and ontological reciprocity, whereas Schelling asserts a measure of independence of God from the world, even if the world makes a real difference to a Trinitarian God who can no longer be thought to be self-sufficient without remainder.

Author(s):  
Michelle Devereaux

This chapter argues that Charlie Kaufman’s Synecdoche, New York creates a metatextual relationship between director and protagonist through its use of Romantic irony. The film directly addresses issues of solipsism as it is told from the radically subjective viewpoint of its self-obsessed protagonist, who may or may not be descending into madness. Kaufman conjures sublime feeling in the spectator through aesthetic devices of fantastic world creation. These include the creation of mise en abyme and an engagement with Tzvetan Todorov’s fantastic ‘themes of the self’ and ‘themes of vision’, which are expressed by inexplicable narrative elements such as a continually burning house fire. Drawing on German idealism and Schlegel’s concept of Romantic irony to counteract traditional notions of mimetic realism, Kaufman portrays his film world (and the world itself) as chaotic. But whereas Kaufman’s film embraces the chaos of becoming inherent in Schlegel’s philosophy, its protagonist suffers from a complete inability to engage with life on any authentic level and subsequently fails as an artist and person.


Author(s):  
Jéssica Iglésias

Over the centuries and around the world, jewelry and personal adornments have always fascinated the human being. These objects came to be used as a public demonstration of cultural, personal wealth, and the user’s own taste both in life and in death. In this sense, the use of these objects during the 14th-18th centuries, made of different raw materials, provided the appearance and creation of hybrid elements, which were largely the result of influences caused by the Portuguese overseas experience, and by the changes undergone in tastes and fashions. Europeans who contributed to the creation of a new society, who continued to believe in the apotropaic and prophylactic values of raw materials absorbing new beliefs resulting from contacts with new cultures.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Marcieli Hoffmann ◽  
Elizete De Azevedo Kreutz

O ser humano usa os cinco sentidos para perceber o mundo, e o branding sensorial vem cada vez mais ganhando espaço no mercado como estratégia de evocar nossas emoções, com muito mais intensidade do que qualquer outro estímulo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral descrever os processos de criação e de desenvolvimento de uma marca de aromatizantes para o mercado do Vale do Taquari/RS. O processo de construção de marca é complexo e exige do profissional conhecimento (saber), experiência (saber fazer) e ética (saber ser). Assim, o estudo se justifica na medida em que é relevante para os profissionais da área, para os acadêmicos e também para os empresários, posto que apresenta os passos para criação de uma marca real. As metodologias adotadas foram a qualitativa exploratória, ancorada na Hermenêutica de Profundidade, e a metodologia de Construção de Marcas Mutantes. Como resultados, verificou-se que, para honrar a essência de uma marca cuja missão é despertar emoções por meio do olfato, o que exige ainda mais engajamento e interesse profundo em sentimentos humanos por parte dos profissionais responsáveis, a estratégia de criação e de desenvolvimento de uma marca mutante foi a mais adequada, e esse processo é descrito ao longo do presente artigo.Palavras-chave: Marca. Brandsense. Estratégias. Aromas. Identidade visual mutante.ABSTRACTThe human being uses the five senses to perceive the world and sensory branding has been increasingly gaining market space like strategy of evoke our emotions with much more intensity than any other stimulus. The present study has as general objective describe the process of creation and development of a flavourings brand for the Vale do Taquari/RS’s market. The process of brand building is complex and demands of the professional the knowledge (to know), experience (know how) and ethics (how to be). Therefore, the study is justified by the relevance for professionals of the area, the academics and the entrepreneurs too, once it presents the steps for the creation of a real brand. The methodology adopted was the qualitative exploraty, anchored in Deep Hermeneutic and methodology of building Mutant Brands. As a result, it was verified that to honor the essence of a brand whose mission is to arouse emotions through smell, which requires even more engagement and deep interest in human feelings on the part of the professionals responsible, the strategy of creation and development of a changeable brand was the most suitable and this process is described over the present article.Keywords: Brand. Brandsense. Strategies. Flavors. Mutant visual identity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (275) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Valdir Marques
Keyword(s):  

A complexa linguagem paulina sobre o ser humano não pode ser satisfatoriamente entendida através do estudo da ocorrência de cada termo antropológico, apenas a partir de seu contexto literário. A Soteriologia cristológica paulina é que nos leva a entender quem é o homem, o gênero humano ou o indivíduo na mente de Paulo e na mente de Deus, que desde antes da Criação jamais se esqueceu de sua criatura.Abstract: The complex pauline language about the human being cannot be understood satisfatorily simply through the study of each occurrence of each anthropological term within its literary. The pauline christological soteriology is what leads us to understand who is man, individual and human gender, in Paul’s mind, and, therefore, in the mind of God, Creator, who since before the creation of the world desired to maintain with him the human gender.


Worldview ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Fawaz Turki

In the year 1948 Israel became a state and I became stateless. For the next twentyfive years Israelis were building a nation and I was inhabiting a world of nothingness in which I experienced no halcyon period, no moment when my very essence as a man was not negated and my very rights as a human being were not dismissed. In 1948 the world applauded the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. I was a Palestinian, and the Jewish homeland was being established in my country, at the cost of displacing me and creating in us all a nation in exile.


2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Yu. Darenskiy

The article reconstructs the integral philosophical doctrine in the heritage of Saint John of Kronstadt, which includes the doctrine of being, knowledge, man, nature and history (i.e. ontology, epistemology, anthropology, natural philosophy and historiosophy). It is shown that this doctrine is based on the hermeneutics of biblical texts and patristic tradition, and the method of this philosophy is spiritual reflection based on the acquisition of the Holy spirit and the transformation of the mind. The ontology in this philosophy is revealed through the Revelation of the creation of the world, and anthropology- the creation of man, and therefore they have the character of sacred history. Philosophy of nature has the character of the Revelations about Tri-hypostatic God showing His properties in the creation. Tri-hypostasis of the Creator defines the ontology of the human being, carrying His Image. The revelation of the End of the world sets the semantic structure of the historical process and is the paradigm for understanding any specific events.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Fatma Aygün

<p align="center"><strong>The Argument of “al-Fitrah” to Prove The Existence of God</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Accordingto al-Maturidi</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract  </strong></p><p>Al-Maturidi is one of the foremost and most important thinkers in the history of Islamic thought. So that Al-Maturidi (333/944) is the most powerful figure in Abu Khanife School and has the biggest share in the establishment of Followers of Sunnah kalam. The aim of this study is to interpret the concept of "al-fitrah", "fitratallah" (nature) and to investigate the possibility of rational knowing the existence of God with an intrinsic element of human (al-fitrah) according to the thinking of Al-Maturidi.</p><p>The whole characteristics of all creatures, especially human being, brought by the genesis called “nature”(al-fitrah). The concept of al-fitrah contains all of beings in the world; accordingly, al-fitrah symbolizes creation of human. Humans are endowed with many biological, mental and spiritual abilities by born, not a result of work. Man also has innate moral-religious abilities that one of them is “nature/fitrah”. As a common agreement among psychologists and psychologists of religion, human is a believer as well as a thinker. This feature of believing comes from his nature. In the same way, Al-Maturidi believed that human have some dispositions from the birth. According to Al-Maturidi, creation is the consciousness of existence and uniqueness of God that is temperamental in all human beings. This feature of believing is inherent but the framework of this ability has not been determined yet. According to Al-Maturidi, God provides human a several inner qualities such as reason/aql, senses and feelings. These inner supports are actually facilities for human. With reference to the idea that the human is a cognizant (rational) creature, Al-Maturidi argues that he has reasonable and fair reasons for believing in a Creator; and he also uses the evidences such as “disposition" (skills coming with creation) that he links with the term nature (Khilkah). Talkingabout the fitrah of human is talking to the meaning and purpose the existence of human. Meaningfulness and purposefulness is the first law of the creation. Nature and dispositions, skills of human would indicate that there is a meaning and purpose, and hence points to the existence of God. In short, this article explores arguments of Maturidi regarding his opinions on knowing the existence of God by the fitrat/nature. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Allah'ın Varlığı'nı Aklen Bilmeye İlişkin Mâtürîdî'nin Fıtrat Delili </strong></p><p><strong>                                    (Hilkât Delili)</strong></p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>İslâm düşünce tarihinde yer alan etkili düşünürlerden biri de Mâtürîdî'dir. Öyle ki Mâtürîdî (333/944), Ebû Hanîfe geleneğinin en güçlü simasıdır ve  Ehl-i Sünnet kelâmının kuruluşunda en büyük paya sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise Mâtürîdî'nin düşünce dünyasında göze çarpan fıtrat ve fıtratullah kavramlarını açıklamak ve insanın kendisine ait aslî bir özelliği yani fıtrat ile Allah'ın varlığını aklen bilmenin imkânını araştırmaktır.</p><p>Başta insan olmak üzere, tüm varlıkların yaratılıştan sahip oldukları özelliklerin tamamına “fıtrat” denmektedir. Fıtrat insanın yaratılış biçimini sembolize etmektedir, dünyadaki bütün canlılar fıtrî denilen bir yapıya göre yaratılmıştır. İnsan birçok biyolojik, aklî, ruhî donanım ve yeteneklere doğuştan sahip olduğu, onları sonradan kazanmadığı bilinir. Yani insanın doğuştan sahip olduğu ahlakî-dinî yetenekleri bulunmaktadır ki bunlardan biri de “fıtrat”tır. Psikolog ve din psikologlarının ortak kabulüne göre insan düşünen varlık olduğu kadar inanan da bir varlıktır; onda inanma özelliği yaratılış yani verili olan yapısal donanım/kâbiliyet gereğidir. İşte Mâtürîdî doğuştan getirilen yeti ve yeteneklerin varlığını kabul etmiş, Allah'ın insanı akıl, duyu ve duygular gibi gelişmeye müsait bir takım içsel özelliklerle donatarak yarattığını savunmuştur. Bu iç destekler aslında insana tanınan imkânlar şeklinde anlaşılabilir. Mâtürîdî, insanın bilen (rasyonel) bir varlık oluşundan hareketle Yaratıcı'nın varlığına inanmasının haklı ve mâkul sebeplere dayandığını belirtmiş, hilkât terimiyle ilişkilendirdiği "fıtrat" (yaratılıştan doğruyu bulmaya elverişli kâbiliyetler) delilini kullanmıştır. Esasen insanın fıtratından bahsetmek, insanın varlığının anlam ve amacından söz etmektir, anlamlılık ve amaçlılık yaratılışın ilk yasası değerindedir. İnsanın doğası, eğilimleri, kâbiliyetleri anlam ve amacın varlığına ve dolayısıyla Allah'ın varlığına işaret etmektedir. İşte bu makalede fıtrat delilini kullanan Mâtürîdî'nin Allah'ın varlığını bilmeye yönelik ortaya koymuş olduğu argümanlar ele alınmış ve tartışılmıştır.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amorim. Bianca Rihan Pinheiro

This article discusses an ethical conception for informational production based on historical-dialectical materialism. Starting from the notion of ethics as a critical attitude towards hegemonic morality, we will make use of the categories of totality and historicity to formulate a critical argument for information submitted to the control of capital and as an instrument for the creation of a "morality" based on the values of the ruling class, both in the sphere of epistemological production, and in the economic and media spheres in times of neoliberal globalization. However, as a historical product, it also seems essential to present the information from the intervention of the human being in the world and, therefore, in permanent movement and dispute, being able to become an effective pillar for the ethical-political project of human emancipation, or the good in a universal sense of fact.


Author(s):  
Birgit Zweigle

How self-images, the perceptions of others, and caricatures can fundamentally shape human existence and what role the image of man plays in the Bible are discussed by the author with her examination of the two creation narratives in Gen 1,1-2,4a and Gen 2,4b-3,24. After a brief introduction to the origins and the differences between the Priestly and Jahwist accounts of creation, she first analyzes the Priestly account, which focuses on the creation of the world as a whole. The idea expressed here of the human being as an ›image of God‹, which includes women and men equally, initially paints an exceedingly positive picture of people and the world, so that the author asks herself whether ultimately this story doesn’t seem almost naive, since there is no evil in it at all and everything is given the predicate ›good‹. With this question she goes into the analysis of the second account of creation, which focuses more on the creation of man and describes him as a kind of »in-between being made of divine breath and matter«. Here it becomes clear that it is man who gives existence to evil by reaching for the fruits of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil without authority, obeying the voice of Satan more than that of God. This turns his salvific state into an unsalvific one, which according to this idea continues to this day. Divided into a before and after, the author examines this biblical account of ›the Fall‹ in detail in order to summarize subsequently what constructive and destructive meanings can be read out of these two accounts of creation for our present image of man.


2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (08) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Karima SALMI‎ ◽  
Asma‎ HAMADOU

The curriculum is the most effective way to organize the ‎ways of‏ ‏education and its features, and the curricula have ‎varied and their characteristics as one of the educational ‎tools, according to the philosophy and beliefs of each ‎people. This does not detract from its importance, but rather ‎increases the merit and value of education in general and ‎the education of young people in particular, given what it ‎faces in light of the modernity and sweeping western ‎renaissance the world is experiencing, and a technological ‎boom that has forced us to adopt it with its negatives and ‎positives, and given that young people are the most ‎obedient group to this technology, we must settle their ‎behaviors, and preserving their minds through sound ‎education, hence the importance of the curriculum and its ‎good selection and preparation. But which curriculum is best ‎suited to attaining the highest levels of education, the ‎refinement of the creed, and the creation of a normal human ‎being, especially with the dependence on everything that ‎has happened to our societies, which is neither our thought ‎nor our culture, and we are ignorant of the greatest divine ‎curriculum, which is the curriculum of our Noble Prophet, so ‎are its features manifested in our educational‏ ‏curricula. ‎Arabic in general and Algerian in particular‏?‏ Our research paper aims to monitor the greatness, balance ‎and integration of the Prophet’s curriculum, and how he did ‎not leave any stray or incoming from the foundations of ‎education except that he presented living examples of it and ‎praised it, and we also seek to be active in defining it and ‎clarifying its advantages so that we may contribute to the ‎preservation of our children‎‎. Keywords: Education, Young People, Curricula, Prophetic Curriculum, ‎Openness.


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