Migration

2018 ◽  
pp. 519-540
Author(s):  
Sandra Lavenex
Keyword(s):  
Political Practice ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Collective Goods ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Evolution Of Migration ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Private Actors

Starting from the observation that statehood and migration are co-constitutive, the chapter first recapitulates the evolution of migration governance in ‘areas of consolidated statehood’. It then turns to areas of limited statehood and shows that limited statehood indeed reflects in limited state involvement in migration governance, in particular regarding migrants’ rights, and that differences in countries’ formal commitments (e.g. between Asian and African states) have little repercussions on political practice. In addition, many governance functions linked to the provision of collective goods are assumed by international and private actors. Finally, consolidated states have engaged in intensive external governance promotion towards countries of origin and transit of migrants in an attempt to regain control over undesired migration flows. While symbolically upholding the notion of sovereignty, these practices of externalization may be interpreted as deliberate limitation of statehood.

scholarly journals Global dynamics of international migration systems across South–South, North–North, and North–South flows, 1990–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Leal ◽  
Nicolas L. Harder
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Systems

AbstractEvidence from 184 countries over the span of 25 years is gathered and analyzed to understand North–North, South–South, and North–South international migration flows. Conceptually, the analysis borrows from network theory and Migration Systems Theory (MST) to develop a model to characterize the structure and evolution of international migration flows. Methodologically, the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model of network dynamics is used to jointly model the three types of flows under analysis. Results show that endogenous network effects at the monadic, dyadic, and triadic levels of analysis are relevant to understand the emergence and evolution of migration flows. The findings also show that a core set of non-network covariates, suggested by MST as key drivers of migration flows, does not always explain migration dynamics in the systems under analysis in a consistent fashion; thus, suggesting the existence of important levels of heterogeneity inherent to these three types of flows. Finally, evidence related to the role of political instability and countries’ care deficits is also discussed as part of the analysis. Overall, the results highlight the importance of analyzing flows across the globe beyond typically studied migratory corridors (e.g., North–South flows) or regions (e.g., Europe).

scholarly journals Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana García Pinzón ◽  
Jorge Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spatial Category ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Social Orders ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Based on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis brings together insights from political geography, border studies, and organized crime literature, while empirically, it draws on direct observation, criminal justice data, and in-depth interviews.

scholarly journals Historical tools and current societal challenges: reflections on a collection of environmental migration cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Roberta Biasillo
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Environmental Migration ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Through considering a "Geo Archive" as a tool of history, this paper explores several conundrums concerning environmental migration in social sciences. It demonstrates how historical perspectives can problematize and unsettle various automatisms that are widely present in journalistic, public, and policy discourses. Through examples from the Geo Archive, the article illustrates how unavoidable historical dimensions can enrich our understandings on the interaction between environmental issues and migration flows. This paper engages with an open access "archive in-the-making". This Geo Archive includes case studies of migration flows and puts those flows in conversation with environmental transformations and climatic changes. The analysed collection presents high-profile stories which are representative samples of different approaches, temporalities, geographies, sources of information, narratives, and scales. This endeavour encompasses different disciplines and fields of expertise: environmental humanities, IT and communication experts, and political ecology. The archive places itself within the realms of public history, environmental history, and history of the present and aims to reach out to wider audiences. This digital humanities project stemmed from a support action funded by the EU initiative Horizon 2020 titled CLISEL whose overarching goal was to analyse and better inform institutional responses and policies addressing climate refugees and migrants.

Structural changes in the modern urban lifestyle

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Madina Arif kyzy Mekhdieva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Historical Nature

The article deals with the issues of urban settlements and urban lifestyle from the point of view of structural changes under the influence of transformational processes in the development of productive forces, tools and means of production. The author notes the historical nature of this process associated with the geographical environment, resources and migration flows under the influence of the development of capitalist relations. Some peculiarities of lifestyle in Baku as a city with an ancient history, with a number of characteristic features of a distinctive way of life, combining the traditions of several generations and different civilizations, are analyzed.

scholarly journals Regional Integration: Do Intra-African Trade and Migration Improve Income in Africa?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Gnimassoun
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Regional integration in Africa is a subject of great interest, but its impact on income has not been studied sufficiently. Using cross-sectional and panel estimations, this article examines the impact of African integration on real per capita income in Africa. Accordingly, we consider intra-African trade and migration flows as quantitative measures reflecting the intensity of regional integration. To address the endogeneity concerns, we use a gravity-based, two-stage least-squares strategy. Our results show that, from a long-term perspective, African integration has not been strong enough to generate a positive, significant, and robust impact on real per capita income in Africa. However, it does appear to be significantly income-enhancing in the short and medium terms but only through intercountry migration. These results are robust to a wide range of specifications.

Extractive Resources, Conflicts and Migration

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Indra de Soysa
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Lootable Resources

This chapter focuses on non-renewable resources and their relation to conflict and migration. It explores the argument that conflict is not brought by scarcity of these resources, but rather by resource abundance and the fact that they make looting possible. Access to valuable non-renewable resources, such as energy resources, can create crises of governance. Accountability decreases and rent seeking and corruption become common behaviors. ‘Lootable’ resources increase the possibilities of high political repression and income inequality, which then cause small and large-scale ‘uprooting’. Thus, tackling the issue of bad governance is key in order to solve migration flows caused by ‘lootable’ conflicts.

scholarly journals Syrian Refugees and the Digital Passage to Europe: Smartphone Infrastructures and Affordances

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511876444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Gillespie ◽  
Souad Osseiran ◽  
Margie Cheesman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Iraqi Refugee ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Regular Contact

This research examines the role of smartphones in refugees’ journeys. It traces the risks and possibilities afforded by smartphones for facilitating information, communication, and migration flows in the digital passage to Europe. For the Syrian and Iraqi refugee respondents in this France-based qualitative study, smartphones are lifelines, as important as water and food. They afford the planning, navigation, and documentation of journeys, enabling regular contact with family, friends, smugglers, and those who help them. However, refugees are simultaneously exposed to new forms of exploitation and surveillance with smartphones as migrations are financialised by smugglers and criminalized by European policies, and the digital passage is dependent on a contingent range of sociotechnical and material assemblages. Through an infrastructural lens, we capture the dialectical dynamics of opportunity and vulnerability, and the forms of resilience and solidarity, that arise as forced migration and digital connectivity coincide.

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