Australian Politics in Local Government

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Deem
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Rural Governance ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Regional Interests ◽  
Crucial Part

The majority of Australians live in capital cities, and the urban–rural divide represents one of the most deeply ingrained and enduring cleavages in Australian society. Regional governance is therefore a crucial part of place-making in Australian politics. This chapter highlights the strengths and challenges for local government in Australia, paying particular attention to regional and rural governance. It does so from two perspectives. The first is a top-down focus on the institutional arrangements that can either privilege or marginalize regional interests, and includes an examination of the constitutional, electoral, and executive forces that affect decision-making for these areas. The second perspective is bottom-up, and considers Australian citizens’ identification with, and sense of belonging to, regional areas. It draws on insights from recent survey data to analyse individual-level identities and their influence on political views, and also considers the broader contribution of the outback and the ‘bushman’ as important (if challenged) features of Australian national identity and popular rhetoric, which is accessible to both regional and metropolitan residents.

scholarly journals Urban–Rural Disparities in the Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting among Children under Five in Tanzania: Based on Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys 1991–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5184
Author(s):  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Si Zhu ◽  
Bruno F. Sunguya ◽  
Jiayan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Individual

Our study aims to examine the disparity of under-5 child stunting prevalence between urban and rural areas of Tanzania in the past three decades, and to explore factors affecting the rural–urban disparity. Secondary analyses of Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) data drawn from 1991–1992, 1996, 1999, 2004–2005, 2009–2010, and 2015–2016 surveys were conducted. Under-5 child stunting prevalence was calculated separately for rural and urban children and its decline trends were examined by chi-square tests. Descriptive analyses were used to present the individual-level, household-level, and societal-level characteristics of children, while multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine determinants of stunting in rural and urban areas, respectively. Additive interaction effects were estimated between residence and other covariates. The results showed that total stunting prevalence was declining in Tanzania, but urban–rural disparity has widened since the decline was slower in the rural area. No interaction effect existed between residence and other determinants, and the urban–rural disparity was mainly caused by the discrepancy of the individual-level and household-level factors between rural and urban households. As various types of determinants exist, multisector nutritional intervention strategies are required to address the child stunting problem. Meanwhile, the intervention should focus on targeting vulnerable children, rather than implementing different policies in rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals UPAYA PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENGENDALIAN PRODUKSI MINUMAN BERALKOHOL TRADISIONAL

Yuridika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Luffita Alfianti
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Industry Regulation ◽  
Control Production

Traditional alcoholic beverage, traditionally produced with hereditay recipe which is drunk to celebrate religious or tradition event. Government have not regulated a distinctive act to control production, so it needs to be analyzed the writer compose a thesis with systematical interpretation and extention to Regional Governance Act Number 23/2014, Ministry of Industry Regulation number 63/M-IND/PER/7/2014 in Restraining and Controlling The Industry and Quality of Beverage, Ministry of Trade Ragulation No. 20/M-Dag/Per/4/2014 in Restraining and Controlling of Supply, Distribution and Sale of Alcoholic Beverage, Head of Drug and Food Board Regulation Number HK.03.1.23.04.12.2205 in Guidelines On The Provision of Certificates of Food Production of Household Industries. Furthermore, writer also examine about Regional Government’s liability in controlling the production of traditional alcoholic beverage. Based on systematical interpretation and extention to regulation above, Regional/Local government has authorization in issuing a permit of traditional alcoholic beverage. However, there is no regulation that organizes the authority of local government to give license to the production of it. In contrast, local government has authority to control the distribution of traditional alcoholic beverage with implements the regulation inforcement to business activities that violate the license to trade by selling traditional alcoholic beverages.

Współpraca gmin obwarzankowych na płaszczyźnie gospodarczej. Zarys problemu

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Lech Jańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

There are “urban-rural municipalities” in Polish administration nomenclature. They are territorial units where urban and rural areas have one name and one local government. There are also urban and rural municipalities that have one name but different local governments. That neighborhood of municipalities in Polish may be described as “municipalities bagel”. The aim of this article was to investigate whether and to what extent the “municipalities bagel” cooperate (coordinate) the exercising public tasks on the economic level. The article attempts to verify the research hypothesis: in “municipalities bagel” there is a lack of coordination of the exercising public tasks”. The research method was a diagnostic survey in which the questionnaire was conducted. In December 2019, questionnaire forms were sent to all “municipalities bagel” in Poland. The results of the research indicated a lack of coordination in the performance of public tasks between “municipalities bagel”. The result is a reduction of the efficiency of performance of public duties in such municipalities. The “municipalities bagel” are functionally related areas. This link is characterized by the subordination of the interests of the rural municipality (especially economic). The development of bagel rural communes is determined by the development and cooperation with their urban counterparts.

Efektivitas Fungsi Pengawasan DPRD Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah: Studi Kota Makassar

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Herman Herman ◽  
Hambali Thalib ◽  
Hamza Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Balance Mechanism

Paradigma baru dalam undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 23 tahun 2014 tetang pemerintahan daerah menghendaki hubungan yang sejajar antara DPRD dengan pemerintah daerah. Hubungan sejajar tersebut menandakan bahwa posisi DPRD dan pemerintah daerah adalah menempati posisi yang sama kuat. Hal itu di perlakukan guna mewujudkan pemerintahan yang baik (Good Government) yang di imbangi system pengawasan yang efektif dan efesien melalui mekanisme Check and Balance. Pemerintahan baik Good Government adalah pemerintahan yang di jalankan berdasarkan pada norma atau peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengaturnya secara konsisten dan bertanggung jawab dalam rangka mencapai tujuan negara yang di landasi prinsip transparan, angkutabel, bersih, jujur dan amanah. Untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan daerah yang baik, maka fungsi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyar Daerah di dalam melakukan pengawasan atas pelaksanaan urusan pemerintahan daerah adalah sangat penting. Pengawasan DPRD ini termasuk keputusan yang sanagt umum di luar peraturan perundang-undangan seperti kebijkan kepala daerah. The new paradigm in law number 23 of 23 of 2014 regarding regional governance requires an equal relationship between the DPRD and local governments. This parallel relationship indicates that the position of DPRD and local government is in the same strong position. This is done in order to create a good government (Good Government) which is balanced by an effective and efficient monitoring system through the Check and Balance mechanism. Good governance Good Government is a government that is run based on the norms or laws and regulations that regulate it consistently and responsibly in order to achieve the country's goals which are based on the principles of transparency, transportation, cleanliness, honesty and trustworthiness. To realize good regional governance, the function of the Regional People's Representative Council in supervising the implementation of regional government affairs is very important. This DPRD oversight includes decisions that are very general outside the statutory regulations, such as the policies of the regional head.

scholarly journals Validation of a digitally displayed photographic food portion-size estimation aid among women in urban and rural Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 3140-3150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie L Flax ◽  
Chrissie Thakwalakwa ◽  
Courtney H Schnefke ◽  
Heather Stobaugh ◽  
John C Phuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Portion Size Estimation

AbstractObjective:To validate digitally displayed photographic portion-size estimation aids (PSEA) against a weighed meal record and compare findings with an atlas of printed photographic PSEA and actual prepared-food PSEA in a low-income country.Design:Participants served themselves water and five prepared foods, which were weighed separately before the meal and again after the meal to measure any leftovers. Participants returned the following day and completed a meal recall. They estimated the quantities of foods consumed three times using the different PSEA in a randomized order.Setting:Two urban and two rural communities in southern Malawi.Participants:Women (n 300) aged 18–45 years, equally divided by urban/rural residence and years of education (≤4 years and ≥5 years).Results:Responses for digital and printed PSEA were highly correlated (>91 % agreement for all foods, Cohen’s κw = 0·78–0·93). Overall, at the individual level, digital and actual-food PSEA had a similar level of agreement with the weighed meal record. At the group level, the proportion of participants who estimated within 20 % of the weighed grams of food consumed ranged by type of food from 30 to 45 % for digital PSEA and 40–56 % for actual-food PSEA. Digital PSEA consistently underestimated grams and nutrients across foods, whereas actual-food PSEA provided a mix of under- and overestimates that balanced each other to produce accurate mean energy and nutrient intake estimates. Results did not differ by urban and rural location or participant education level.Conclusions:Digital PSEA require further testing in low-income settings to improve accuracy of estimations.

Investigating the Roles Played by Selected Agencies in Infrastructure Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 289-319
Author(s):  
Ayobami Abayomi Popoola ◽  
Hope Hangwelani Magidimisha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Public Agency ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Rural Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Urban Rural

Urban areas that are the seat of power, cities, and capital cities are often the location and base of administration where policy allocations take place and the needs of settlements are discussed and met. Therefore, rural infrastructure needs are at the mercy of urban spaces decision making. This chapter proposes and attempts to purposively select some public agencies and examine their roles in balancing the urban-rural infrastructural dichotomy. The relevance of international donors in the efficiency of the public agency was also incorporated. The study further questions the success of some of these agencies and the mode of operation of these agencies at arriving at an improved infrastructure provision for the rurally excluded.

Online service or virtual community? Building platform loyalty in reward-based crowdfunding

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghan Ryu ◽  
Ayoung Suh
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Service Satisfaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Community Influences ◽  
Image Congruence

PurposeThis study examines how individual contributors' evaluation of the two aspects in reward-based crowdfunding—service and community—influences the formation of platform loyalty. It also seeks to determine the conditions under which the evaluation is positive.Design/methodology/approachWe collaborated for data collection with two reward-based crowdfunding platforms in South Korea that primarily promote crowdfunding campaigns in the creative domains. We combined the survey data collected from 578 contributors and campaign data from the platforms, empirically examining the formation of platform loyalty and its antecedents.FindingsThe results suggest that service satisfaction with a platform and a sense of belonging to it are positively associated with platform loyalty. We also found that an individual contributor's self-image congruence with the crowdfunding platform is positively associated with service satisfaction and a sense of belonging, while the experience of greater campaign success moderates the relationship in different ways.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the crowdfunding literature by establishing a theoretical background for understanding reward-based crowdfunding platforms, which combine service and community. It also extends the scope of the literature on crowdfunding by examining the role of platform loyalty at the platform level.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that service and community are both critical for building a sustainable crowdfunding platform. Platform operators are expected to provide high-quality services and foster a sense of community. Identifying and developing contributors with higher self-image congruence with the platforms is essential.Originality/valueWhile previous literature on reward-based crowdfunding has focused on individual contributor- and campaign-level analyses, platform-level knowledge is lacking. This study is among the first to focus on platform loyalty of individual contributors toward reward-based crowdfunding platforms. Moreover, we use both individual-level perception and campaign-level performance variables to examine the formation of platform loyalty.

scholarly journals Fee for issuing alcoholic beverages for sale in the municipalities of the Kielce poviat

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Joanna Rogalska
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Local Government Finance ◽  
Urban Rural

Purpose of the study: The aim of the article is an analysis of revenues for fees for permits for the sale of alcoholic beverages in the own income of municipalities of the Kielce poviat in 2018-2020. It is to enable the answer to be given about the role of the fee for issuing a permit for the sale of alcohol in the incomes of municipalities' own. Methodology: The work was based on the analysis of RB 27S reports on the implementation of the budget income plan of the surveyed municipalities, analysis of internal materials of these units, normative acts and the Local Data Bank Main findings: The data presented in the paper shows that the share of revenues from fees for the permit to sell alcohol in own income does not exceed 1.7% and has a downward trend. However, the actual revenue from the levy shows slight fluctuations over the period considered. Moreover, it does not matter whether we are dealing with a rural or an urban-rural commune. Application of the study: The following study concerns an important aspect of financing the activities of municipalities. Taxes and fees are the most important revenues in budgets. Each decision of the local government authorities has an impact on the level of income. It may lead to a lack of funds for the implementation of own tasks. The year 2021 may be interesting in terms of income from the fee under study due to the possibility of applying a fee exemption or postponing its payment resulting from the provisions of the Act of March 2, 2020 on special solutions related to the prevention, prevention and combating of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and the resulting crises. It is not an easy decision, because such action reduces the revenues to the commune's budget. Due to the fact that for the implementation of tasks for which the funds from the fee were provided, it will have to be financed with other income. Originality/Novelty of the study: The importance of the financial stability of local government units is an extremely important topic. Topics related to budget planning are essential for the long-term balancing of the demand for funds reported by local governments in relation to the efficiency of funds left at the disposal of local authorities. As a consequence, the subject of the study was the analysis of the dynamics and structure of local authorities' income from the point of view of the selected source of income. The article can inspire further research in the field of local government finance and contribute to other interesting scientific studies.

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