The narrative origins of language

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Animal Communication ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Origin Of Language ◽  
Navigational Systems ◽  
The Way

Central to this chapter is the idea that the investigation of the origin of language is strictly tied to the analysis of the traits that distinguish human communication from that of animals. A cognitive approach to the study of the origin of language is employed. The proposal is that the analysis of the traits that distinguish human communication from that of animals must be guided by an investigation of the processing devices that allowed our ancestral relatives to manage the transition from animal communication to language. The argument put forward is that the distinguishing feature of language is how it supports the ability to tell stories; and that the cognitive devices responsible for the transition from animal communication to language (space and time navigational systems, plus mindreading) are the same cognitive devices dedicated to discursive level processing in human communication. Given that the issue of the origins of language is closely related to the analysis of the differences between the way in which humans and non-human animals communicate, the first issue to be addressed regards the question of what is specific about language as a system of communication.

The Philological Endeavours of the Early Arabic Linguists: Theological Implications of the tawqīf-iṣṭilāḥ Antithesis and the majāz Controversy – Part I

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Shah
Keyword(s):  
Opposing View ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
Origin Of Language ◽  
The Way

This article examines a number of issues relating to discussions of the origin of language and related topics among early Arabic linguists. A number of these discussions treated the topic of the ‘revelationist’ view of language (tawqīf), and the opposing view that language had developed as a result of human convention (iṣṭilāḥ). It has been suggested that religious doctrine hampered the development of the linguistic tradition, as theologically motivated views increasingly governed the way in which linguists were able to articulate their positions on this and related subjects. We contend that the evidence does not altogether support this view, and that there was a subtle interplay between theological views and linguistic theories. Individual linguists, whom tradition identifies as having certain theological tendencies, are found to have followed lines of linguistic thinking at odds with what is assumed to have been the religious doctrine to which they subscribed. An increasingly sophisticated tradition of scholarship refined and reassessed arguments based on the Qur'an and earlier thought, with a concern for the theological implications of issues such as ishtiqāq, tarāduf and addād.

scholarly journals PENGUATAN PENGELOLAAN BACK OFFICE E-COMMERCE UNTUK PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS UKM DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaini ◽  
Riyadi Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Transaction Processing ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Application System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Front Office ◽  
Back Office ◽  
The Way

The low business capacity of SMEs is the result of the majority of SMEs (93.33%) still being managed traditionally. The limited capacity of SMEs can be overcome if SMEs are willing and able to change the way their business is managed, which is still traditionally replaced with web-based information technology, which is able to manage business and transaction processing without limits on space and time, such as the Prestashop back office application system. This application provides 2 types of modules, namely Back Office which consists of purchasing, sales, inventory, cash and bank modules, Front Office which functions as cash sales, so it is very easy to use by SMEs.

scholarly journals The Definite and Indefinite Articles of Spanish (or Castilian) Language in Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Sonia Montero Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
The Common ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
The Way

The present paper addresses the contrast between the definite article (el/la/los/las) and the indefinite article (un/a/os/as) from a cognitive approach that not only poses a single meaning for each kind of article, but also highlights the pragmatic (or contextual) aspects that underlie that meaning and establish the use of one form or another. The article’s meaning is shaped by the way we conceptualize the reference: the definite article implies an inclusive reference characterized by the uniqueness of the referent, while the indefinite article implies an exclusive reference characterized by the lack of uniqueness. The possibility to choose one or other way depends on contextual aspects related to the common knowledge shared by the interlocutors, the communicative context (linguistic and situational) and the space (physical or mental) where the referent is located.

The Moral World

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Insole
Keyword(s):  
Highest Good ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Moral World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter shows how central it is, for Kant, that the concept of God only comes downstream from, and after, the possibility of belief in the ‘moral world’. This moral world is the realm of freedom, wherein autonomy is possible. Only if (deterministic) space and time do not go ‘all the way down’, are freedom, and autonomy, possible. If space and time are ‘things-in-themselves’, Kant asserts, ‘then freedom cannot be saved’ (A536/B564). Only if there is a dimension of reality beyond mechanism, is end-setting, and so autonomy, and the highest good possible. Not even God could achieve the highest good in a universe without end-setting, and without freedom, because this universe would be a sort of ‘desert’ with no ‘inner value’. The sequence of thought we find, both in the second Critique, and in other texts is this: first of all, Kant identifies a need for happiness in proportion to virtue; then Kant identifies the obstacle to the realization of such happiness, which is the mechanistic and deterministic structure of nature; and then Kant moves to the solution, which involves leaning into the realm of freedom, which realm includes God. The significance of the third phase in the progression of thought (the realm of freedom) has not been sufficiently considered, it is argued, when considering the Kant’s ‘moral proof’, and the relationship, for Kant, between morality, the highest good, and God.

Traditional Instructional Design for Online Learning vs. Unconventional Instructional Design

2010 ◽  
pp. 768-778
Author(s):  
Ernest W. Brewer ◽  
Stephen D. Stockton
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Instructional Design ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Way

In the field of online learning, instructors need to move past the limitations that are imposed by a traditional instructional design mindset and embrace new ways of approaching instruction. Online learning can remove barriers of space and time and provide a learning experience that is focused on the learner. Educators need to understand the way technology is reinventing communication and enhancing how information is processed. Only by accepting the unconventional instructional designs that technology can bring, can educators be prepared to reach and teach the students of this digital age.

Chapter V: From Herder to Darwin, 1772-1871

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Richard Albert Wilson
Keyword(s):  
General Scheme ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Language History ◽  
The World ◽  
Descent Of Man ◽  
The Way ◽  
Modern Movement

Nature leads the way. Man emerges on the scene, follows her footprints, marks and registers them in language, and makes a Science of Nature. Then he looks back and discovers that Language, while following the path of Nature, has left a trail of her own. He returns on this new trail, again marks and registers its footprints, and makes a Science of Language.My purpose in this book is not to compare languages as in linguistic science, or to trace their concrete development as in language history; but to describe the problem which gave birth to language, to show the place of language in the general scheme of world evolution, and to point out its basic structure in relation to the two forms of sense, Space and Time. I have dealt at some length with Herder and his time because that period was the beginning of the modern movement in language investigation in which we are still engaged. For the next hundred years, from Herder’s essay in 1772 to Darwin’s Descent of Man in 1871, I can only touch some of the peaks in the development of linguistic theory and science, that, in their combined results, have prepared the way for the present inquiry, and that may help to give the perspective necessary to set the fabric of language clearly in its place among the other phenomena of the world. If this mode of treatment should appear to the language specialist as in some degree wanting in the ‘hard factualness’ of language, the explanation is that the inclusion of such factual material would not contribute to the investigation in hand. If one can make clear the world-problem which called language into existence, and show the structure which language was destined to assume in order to answer this problem, then the way should be better prepared and the impulse quickened for tracing man’s first steps and subsequent windings in the actual making of language.

scholarly journals The Young-New as a Space of Occurrence in the “World” by V. Bibikhin

2021 ◽  
Vol V (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Elena Smirennikova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The article deals with a fragment of a lecture by V.V. Bibikhin, in which eternity is interpreted as a constant renewal, the young-new. The new present, the “now”, makes the preceding present different, thereby turning it into the past. This "now" does not exist in the way of being and is recognized only as the boundary between the past and the future. But it touches us, captures us. The new can't be planned, it can only be allowed, let be. The allowing is a risk, because the unknown will always fall out, something that you cannot prepare beforehand, prepare a way to deal with it. However, in the new we always recognize the same thing. Also to be ready for the new is to be ready for the generosity of being, which gives more and more. Being gives space and time to appear. The non-appeared, the different, seems to us separated with a line, a boundary. And we imagine eternity as something being abroad, beyond the line of time. But for Bibikhin, this is a meeting with the boundary itself, which is different both to what is located on one side of the boundary and to what is on the other. Eternity is not there, “beyond the line”, but here and now: it exists by its absence. Absolutely different, boundary, line, eternity — not just different, but is different, new each time. That is why Bibikhin's eternity is the young-new itself.

scholarly journals Peran Globalisasi di Balik Munculnya Tantangan Baru Bagi Diplomasi di Era Kontemporer

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Rizki Rahmadini Nurika
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
State Actor ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Way

AbstrakGlobalisasi telah memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada kajian hubungan internasional. Salah satunya adalah ketika globalisasi memperluas cara bagaimana diplomasi itu dilakukan. Diplomasi tidak hanya dipandang sebagai agenda resmi yang di dalamnya hanya terdapat negara yang berperan sebagai satu-satunya aktor. Lebih dari itu, kini diplomasi dapat dilakukan oleh aktor bukan negara pada agenda resmi maupun tak resmi. Diplomasi juga dibekali dengan penyebaran isu-isu baru. Seiring dengan arus globalisasi, isu-isu hubungan internasional pun kini turut berkembang dan meluas sebagai dampak dari fenomena menyempitnya ruang dan waktu. Kondisi yang demikian ini lah yang kini menjadi karakteristik diplomasi di era kontemporer, yang membuat diplomasi tertantang untuk mempertahankan eksistensinya. Penelitian ini didesain untuk mengungkap logika tentang bagaimana globalisasi memicu munculnya tantangan baru bagi diplomasi. Metode yang digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan baru bagi diplomasi muncul ketika globalisasi mengubah sifat alamiah dari diplomasi itu sendiri.Kata Kunci: Diplomasi, Globalisasi, TantanganAbstractGlobalization has given its significance influences on the study of international relations. One of them is when it has expanded the way diplomacy is performed. Diplomacy is no longer perceived only on a formal agenda in which state acts as the only one actor. Far beyond that, now diplomacy can be conducted by non-state actor both in formal and informal agenda. Diplomacy is also equipped by the spread of new issues. In line with the flow of globalization, international relations issues have developed and broadened rapidly as well as the narrowing space and time phenomena happened. Here, those given circumstances are now perceived as the characteristics of diplomacy in this contemporary era, by which diplomacy is challenged to maintain its existence. This research is designed to reveal the logic for how globalization triggers the emergence of new challenges for diplomacy. Method used to answer such question is qualitative research by using secondary data. The finding shows that new challenges for diplomacy come when globalization changes the nature of diplomacy itself.Key Words: Challenge, Diplomacy, Globalization

scholarly journals LANGUAGE CONSTITUENTS OF THE CONCEPT ‘WAY’ IN IRISH FAIRY TALES

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
A. A. Zaraiskiy ◽  
O. L. Morova ◽  
V. Yu. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Core ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Field Information ◽  
New Space ◽  
The Way

The aim of this article is to explore linguistic representation of the concept “way” in Irish fairy tales. Image, key lexeme, which is the core of the field, information content with its cognitive attributes and interpretation field, which is the periphery of the concept are elaborated. The results obtained show that the “way” in its direct and indirect meanings is the image and the key lexeme is “path”. It has been established that information content has seven cognitive attributes: exploration of new space, aim, distance, adventure, difficulties, destiny, and travel to afterlife world. Interpretation field includes two groups of proverbs with the first group presenting the “way” in its direct meaning and the second group comprising proverbs with the metaphorical usage of the “way”. Modelling the frame of the concept “way” allowed us to define the typical slots: subject of movement; the starting point of movement; trajectory; the environment of movement and the method of movement; locus; distance; driving power; and motivation. The concept “way” was structured using linguistic and cognitive approach, which made it possible to determine the image, information content and interpretation field. The study of the image of the concept revealed that “way” encompasses different aspects. The “way” is the basis of a person’s life. The “way” is considered not only as the road the person walks along covering big distances but as life in general that is associated with its ups and downs as well as with overcoming difficulties along the way. The idea emphasizes the importance of the “way” in people’s lives and culture, and specifically in Irish culture.

scholarly journals Imaginative Animals. Leibniz's Logic of Imagination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Oliveri
Keyword(s):  
Space And Time ◽  
Logic Of Imagination ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Way

Through the reconstruction of Leibniz's theory of the degrees of knowledge, this e-book investigates and explores the intrinsic relationship of imagination with space and time. The inquiry into this relationship defines the logic of imagination that characterizes both human and non-human animals, albeit differently, making them two different species of imaginative animals. Lucia Oliveri explains how the emergence of language in human animals goes hand in hand with the emergence of thought and a different form of rationality constituted by logical inferences based on identity and contradiction, principles that are out of reach of the imagination. The e-book concludes that the presence of innate principles in human animals transforms the way in which they sense-perceive the world, thereby constantly increasing the distinction between human and non-human animals.

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