Shadow Elites

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-90
Author(s):  
Janine R. Wedel
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Power Elite ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Power ◽  
The Impact

Seismic transformational developments over the past several decades have reorganized governance, spawned new spaces of policy and governance, and weakened impartial government and accountability. Systemic, structural corruption, in which activities are mostly legal but violate an official institution’s public, impartial mission has arisen, along with a new breed of influencers. “Shadow elites” are the most insidious of these influencers. This chapter, grounded in social anthropology, examines the organization and modus operandi of shadow elites as compared with their “power elite” forebears and evaluates theories of institutional corruption in light of shadow elite practices and their merging of state and private power. International anticorruption regimes have emerged over the same time frame (the past quarter century) as shadow elites. Hence we ask why these regimes have largely failed to recognize the impact of the transformational developments and the forms of corruption they forge. A wide-ranging, multidisciplinary approach to studying shadow elite practices, ecosystems, and implications is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Business With China: A Critical Evaluation Of Lure And Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Sepehri ◽  
Hassan Pordeli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the significant historical and socio economic development in China over the past quarter century and summarizes the main features of the pre-reform economy and the main strategies adopted by china as it began its quest for economic progress. The paper also evaluates the consequences of Chinas market reform and the challenges to this new economic power. The objective of the paper is to discuss both opportunities and risks in doing business in China and to provide and understanding of what compels so many firms to so boldly seek to establish a presence in China while taking substantial risks in doing so. The research concludes that, investment and business opportunities in China would outweigh the risk and challenges faced by potential investors. The paper examines the elements contributing to Chinas reform, including pro market reform, economic growth, and the rate and significance of FDI in china. Investment challenges include: corruption, mostly unfree economy, low ranking in ease of doing business, undervalued Yuan, and lack of proper intellectual property rights. The research points to positive indicators such as: Chinas economic development growth (i.e. GDP growth at 9.9% in mainland and 12.4% in Zhejiang); Chinas entry in WTO relaxing foreign investment restrictions; infrastructure development transit, energy, telecommunications, etc.; and the impact of the market reform - Chinas economic growth rate among the highest recorded during the past three decades. The examination of risks and challenges, reveals (1) the Driving Forces for business investment in China which include: rapidly expanding economy; growth in Chinese consumer purchasing power; and economic Power & other Indicators; and (2) the issues of concern such as: excess capacity in industrial sector, export dependence economy, problem with banking sector, and potential unemployment problem. The paper concludes that despite potential and clear risks there are good and legitimate business and investment potential in China and among many factors to consider are: many incentives to consider business opportunities and potential benefits; rising personal income and spending power in China; and increase in per capita income at steady rate of 8% since 1980, currently estimated at $3000.

Stress in the Prehospital EMS and Disaster Setting

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. McHenry
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emergency Service Personnel ◽  
Public Safety Personnel ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
The Impact

While formal efforts have been made during the past quarter century in the United States to develop and coordinate emergency medical services (EMS) as a “system” of care, it was not until the past decade that we began to recognize and acknowledge the impact of stress on the lives of EMS and other public safety personnel, in both normal day-to-day response to emergencies as well as response to mass casualty incidents or disasters. The first significant writing on this complex issue, Emergency Response to Crisis, by Jeffrey T. Mitchell, PhD and H. L. P. Resnik, MD, provided a crisis intervention guidebook for emergency service personnel and early insight on crisis-worker stress and burnout. The most recent comprehensive discussion of this important area of concern can be found in Emergency Services Stress, by Mitchell and Grady Bray, PhD.

scholarly journals Global Pandemics Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemonium Disruption Educational Sector Blues and Global Issues Arising Therefrom

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Kwesi Atta Sakyi ◽  
Dr. Geoffrey Mweshi ◽  
David Musona
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we survey the topic of pandemics with specific reference to the Global Corona Virus pandemic which is dubbed COVID-19, and we trace the background of pandemics in the past. Our objective in this paper is to share our experiences as well as to examine the impact of the pandemic on businesses, especially the educational sector, and also on other sectors. In this paper, we take a multidisciplinary approach as well as a compendious approach of surveying a broad swathe of issues. At the same time, we use a narrative approach, providing commentaries and descriptive analysis, and a flashback of history in the literature review. We rely mainly on secondary data for the discussion and analysis as the nature of the topic is still fresh and delicate for us to conduct primary research. Besides, we believe that the problem at hand is on-going, all encompassing, and it may be premature at this stage for us to come to some definitive conclusions. The theoretical model which we use in the analysis is the macro-environmental model which is popularly and variously called the PEST, PESTLE, PESTEL, SLEPT, or STEEPLE model, popular in management studies and used by Social Scientists in their exegesis and discourses.

scholarly journals An International Perspective on Pakistani Human Capital Investments in the Last Quarter Century

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jere R. Behrman ◽  
Ryan Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to place Pakistani human capital investments in the past quarter century in an international perspective. As background, a simple analytical perspective is presented first. Then empirical experience from various developing countries is summarised. This relates to some dimensions of the determinants and the impact of human capital investments and related policies. Next, various dimensions of Pakistani human capital investments in schooling and health are compared with the international experience of the past quarter century, controlling for per capita income and initial literacy rates and subject to caveates about such comparisons. These comparisons suggest that, in the aggregate, Pakistan has had relatively low investments in schooling and relatively high investments in health. Consideration of the composition of these investments suggests that, in a comparative sense, Pakistani investments have been skewed towards higher rather than basic education, towards physician-intensive curative rather than basic preventative health care, towards males relative to females, and towards middleand upper-income groups that tend to benefit more from post-primary schooling and from physician-related health services. The concluding section speculates on the implications of this perspective for Pakistani human capital investment policies.

Catastrophic Impacts and the Drake Equation

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F. Chyba
Keyword(s):  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Intelligence ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Pathways ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractOver the past quarter century, our understanding of the impact history of the Solar System has greatly improved. This chapter considers how this increased knowledge affects our evaluation of the chances for other intelligent communicative civilizations in the Galaxy. In addition, the role of impacts is examined for insight into the long-standing debate over whether the evolution of technical intelligence is contingent upon extremely special circumstances, or might instead be a likely outcome of many different but parallel evolutionary pathways.

Matricide in Ghana: Victims, Offenders, and Offense Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1925-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mensah Adinkrah
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Western World ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
The West ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Media Reports

At present, scholarship on matricide across many regions of the non-Western world is lacking. For instance, in Ghana, despite the intermittent, yet recurrent, availability of media reports describing matricidal acts over the past quarter century, no existing study has systematically analyzed matricidal killings in the West African nation. To contribute to the literature and extend knowledge about matricide and other forms of lethal violence in Ghana, this article presents the results of an analysis of 21 matricidal acts that occurred in Ghana from 1990 to 2016. Issues studied include demographic characteristics of assailants and victims, modus operandi, temporal and spatial aspects, as well as the motives and circumstances surrounding the crime. The results show that sons were substantially more likely than daughters to kill their mothers, matricide offenders were more likely to suffer from serious psychiatric disorders, matricide offenses generally occurred in the victim’s home, and all cases of matricide were characterized by massive physical force and extreme violence. Matricide offenses in Ghana differed from matricides in Western nations in four important respects: (a) none of the 21 matricides was perpetrated with a firearm, (b) in none of the cases did the offender act with a co-offender (accomplice or accessory), (c) none of the matricide offenses was perpetrated by a juvenile or adolescent offender, and (d) suspicion that the mother-victim was a maleficent witch was an important trigger in matricide perpetration.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

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