Generations: The ‘Revolutions’ of the 1960s

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta G. Poiger
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Sexual Norms ◽  
Youth Cultures ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

This article traces the revolutions that raged Germany during the 1960s. This later part of the decade saw involvement of all and sundry in revolutions. The ‘Sixties’ — as a set of associations included greater autonomy of youth, anti-imperialist and anti-war activism, leftist aspirations to political revolt, sexual revolution, and women's emancipation. ‘1968’, in particular, functions as a myth, fostered by the participants in rebellion, their detractors, and the media. Both international connections and national politics shaped the 1960s rebellions — and the efforts to assess them ever since. This article presents the different manifestations of rebellions in East and West. It focuses on the relationship between reform and rebellion as a way of understanding the transformations and upheavals of the 1960s, especially in such areas as youth cultures and the entertainment industry, shifts in gender and sexual norms, challenges to the workings of political and educational institutions, and anti-colonialism.

O początkach wychowania seksualnego w Polsce i kontestacji młodzieżowej na Zachodzie – zapis ostatniego wywiadu z Profesorem Andrzejem Jaczewskim

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Julia Stępniewska ◽  
Piotr Zańko ◽  
Adam Fijałkowski
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Auxiliary Function ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

In this text, we ask about the relationship between sexual education in Poland in the 1960s and 1970s with the cultural contestation and the moral (including sexual) revolution in the West as seen through the eyes of Prof. Andrzej Jaczewski (1929–2020) – educationalist, who for many years in 1970s and 1980s conducted seminars at the University of Cologne, pediatrician, sexologist, one of the pioneers of sexual education in Poland. The movie “Sztuka kochania. Historia Michaliny Wisłockiej” (“The Art of Love. The Story of Michalina Wisłocka” [1921–2005]), directed in 2017 by Maria Sadowska, was the impulse for our interview. After watching it, we discovered that the counter-cultural background of the West in the 1960s and 1970s was completely absent both in the aforementioned film and in the discourse of Polish sex education at that time. Moreover, Andrzej Jaczewski’s statement (July 2020) indicates that the Polish concept of sexual education in the 1960s and 1970s did not arise under the influence of the social and moral revolution in the West at the same time, and its originality lay in the fact that it was dealt with by professional doctors-specialists. We put Andrzej Jaczewski’s voice in the spotlight. Our voice is usually muted in this text, it is more of an auxiliary function (Chase, 2009). Each of the readers may impose their own interpretative filter on the story presented here.

“Wild West,” “Gangster,” and “Desperado” Feelings: The Perception of the “West” in Youth Subcultures in Hungary in the 1960s

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 180-198
Author(s):  
Sándor Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Moral Panics ◽  
The West ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Youth Cultures ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Youth Subcultures ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractThe images of the “modern youth” and moral panics concerning the youth as a metaphor played an important part in the identity construction process throughout Cold War Europe. For Hungarian youth the West represented the land of promise and desires, albeit their knowledge of the Western other was highly limited and controlled by the socialist state. But how did the partly unknown West and its “folk devils” become the objects of desire in the East? For Western youngsters it seemed to be easier to realize their cultural preferences, however, youth cultures of the sixties were represented in the transnational discourses as manifestations of intra-generational, parent–adolescent conflicts not only in the Eastern Bloc, but also in Western democracies. The perception of the parent–child conflict became a cornerstone of the studies on the sixties, and the youth studies represented youth subcultures as “countercultures.” This paper addresses the role of the official discourse in the construction of “youth cultures” which lies at the heart of identity politics concerning youngsters. It looks at some of the youth subcultures which emerged in socialist Hungary and, in particular how “Eastern” youth perceived “the West,” and how their desires concerning the “Western cultures” were represented in the official discourse. It also seeks to show that borders created in the mind between “East” and “West” worked not only in the way that the “iron curtain” did, but it also became a cultural practice to create social identities following the patterns of Eastern and Western differentiation in the socialist countries.

Border Blurs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Reconstruction ◽  
Scottish Literature ◽  
Concrete Poetry ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

This book presents the first in-depth account of the relationship between English and Scottish poets and the international concrete poetry movement of the 1950s-70s. Concrete poetry was a literary and artistic style which reactivated early-twentieth-century modernist impulses towards the merging of artistic media while simultaneously speaking to a gamut of contemporary contexts, from post-1945 social reconstruction to cybernetics, mass media, and the sixties counter-culture. The terms of its development in England and Scotland also suggest new ways of mapping ongoing complexities in the relationship between those two national cultures, and of tracing broader sociological and cultural trends in Britain during the 1960s-70s. Focusing especially on the work of Ian Hamilton Finlay, Edwin Morgan, Dom Sylvester Houédard, and Bob Cobbing, Border Blurs is based on new and extensive archival and primary research. It fills a gap in contemporary understandings of a significant literary and artistic genre which has been largely overlooked by literary critics. It also sheds new light on the development of British and Scottish literature during the late twentieth century, on the emergence of intermedia art, and on the development of modernism beyond its early-twentieth-century, urban Western networks.

Het einde van artikel 248bis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Joke Swiebel
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Heterosexual Intercourse ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Age Of Consent ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article deals with the discriminatory age-of-consent provision for homosexual intercourse in the Dutch Penal Code. Between 1911 and 1971 this age limit was 21 years, while it was ‐ and still is ‐ 16 years for heterosexual intercourse. The withdrawal of this legal provision is one of the landmarks of the sexual revolution that took place in the Netherlands during the 1960s and the 1970s. In this contribution, I will analyse how this political decision came about. How did abolishing this legal provision become a political issue and how did various societal and political actors frame this issue? Which social or political arenas did they pick for this fight and how did the issue reach the formal political agenda? How was a majority for abolishing the article built? I will also analyse how the withdrawal of this discriminatory legal provision cleared the way for the next phases in the relationship between the homosexual movement and the state.

scholarly journals L’amour et la révolte dans Le couteau sur la table, roman de Jacques Godbout

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Natalie Mojžíšová
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Jacques Godbout ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Issue

The novel depicts the relationship of a young couple living in Montreal. The poetics of the text not only provides the reader with an unusual aesthetic experience but also reveals interesting details about life in Canada in the 1960s. We will introduce the main characters of the novel and focus on some of its aspects, especially those moments where the political situation, whether historically distant or recent, is reflected in the life of modern society. The sixties of the twentieth century were imbued with a desire to resist authority which was lived collectively and also as an individual issue. In the novel, the theme of revolt is portrayed on both these levels, but it shows that it is not always easy to realize one’s ideas in practice.The structure of the novel which refers to the influence of nouveau roman is composed of fragmentary narrative, repetitive allusions and unfinished sentences. Using all these techniques Jacques Godbout has created a captivating text, fascinating especially by its disquieting dynamics.

Canada’s First Celebrity Drug Trial: R v. Hatfield, 1985

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-361
Author(s):  
Greg Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Drug Trial ◽  
The Political ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Royal Canadian Mounted Police ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1960s, celebrity drug trials have usually involved actors or musicians. The first drug prosecution of a Canadian “celebrity” took place in 1985 after the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) found a small amount of marijuana in the luggage of New Brunswick Premier Richard Hatfield at the airport in Fredericton. He was charged with simple possession and, aided by a team of lawyers, pleaded not guilty. Although Hatfield was the most successful premier in the province’s history, he was facing challenges over the economy and language policy, and a finding of guilt would have devastated both his political career and the fortunes of his party. This article examines the Hatfield drug prosecution, which was followed by revelations of drug use with university students in 1981, as a chapter in Canadian legal and political history. It involved not only a privileged defendant, but also the independence of judges, the role of the RCMP, the relationship between the courts and the media, federal-provincial relations and an internal RCMP probe. Hatfield, the political celebrity, won his 1985 court battle but, with his lifestyle impugned, lost in the court of public opinion. In 1987, his party was crushed by the landslide victory of Frank McKenna’s Liberals.

scholarly journals De cultuur van het televisiedebat - Veranderende percepties van de relatie tussen media en politiek, 1960 - heden

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harm Kaal
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Televised Debates

This article adopts a new perspective on the interaction between political parties and Dutch television in election campaigns from the 1960s onwards. Rather than exploring the ‘real’ impact of television on the nature and content of political campaigning, it presents a case study of televised debates in order to explore changing perceptions among parties and press regarding the so-called mediatization of politics. It shows that televised debates were at first perceived as a means to bridge the gap between politics and people. In the 1970s and early 1980s, when parties tried to control the set-up of these debates, they met with increasing criticism and were perceived as having hardly any influence on the outcome of the elections. Although the staging of the debates remained the same, midway through the 1980s perceptions of the impact of television dramatically changed. In response to the surprising outcome of the 1986 general election a discourse of mediatization and Americanization became dominant. This in turn resulted in a re-evaluation of the relationship between politics and the media in which the latter were now said to hold the upper hand.

Conclusion: The Big Historical Picture

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Andrew Altman
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
The West ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sexual Norms ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The 1960S

Social norms regarding sex and its representations have changed radically in the West, from ancient times to the present. The sexually permissive norms of ancient Greece and Rome were replaced by the highly restrictive norms of the Christian world. In Greece and Rome, sexually explicit images were routinely displayed in public and private settings. Prostitution and pederasty were permitted by prevailing norms. By contrast, Christian doctrine and culture regarded it as a sin to engage in sex outside of marriage and for reasons other than procreation. Sexually explicit images were condemned and suppressed. The sexual revolution of the 1960s, in turn, fundamentally altered the sexual norms of society, relaxing many of the previous restrictions but without returning to the norms of the ancient pagan world. This chapter places the current issue of pornography in the context of those large-scale historical changes and explains how the issue is, in a certain sense, a moral one.

Political Communication

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Beers
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Final Section ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Overview

This chapter offers a critical overview of the emergence of different strands of historical enquiry into political communication, a term of art rarely used in Britain until the 1960s and only taken seriously by historians from the 1980s. The chapter pays particular attention to the history of political communication in the era of mass democracy and the mass media and focuses on the relationship between the British left and the media as a lens onto wider developments. The final section examines how, particularly after the election victory of New Labour in 1997, a new generation of historians has explored the phenmenon of mediated political communication and its intersections with areas of popular culture with increasing sophistication.

scholarly journals Uprising! Searching for new subjectivities in the Sixties. Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Antonella Cagnolati ◽  
José Luis Hernández Huerta ◽  
Andrés Payà Rico
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Student Protests ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 1960S

Thanks to an extraordinary synergy between many heterogeneous factors, the fertile seedlings planted in the Sixties flourished and bore fruit in the 1970s. Slowly, their branches entwined throughout Western society up until the end of that decade and beyond. The elements influencing this metamorphosis are brought to light and discussed in the rich, in-depth articles collected in this monographic issue of Espacio, Tiempo y Educación, entitled The Sixties Reloaded. Exploring social movements, student protests and youth rebellion –a new exploration of the decade that has generally been relegated to the body of sociological and philosophical research. They were rich and dense years: the goal of the younger generations was to create a new symbolic imaginary, which took shape through music, fashions and alternative lifestyles that stood out in stark contrast to those enjoyed by their parents and grandparents. They went to the streets to protest: they alarmed the politicians in power who tried to convey through the media a very simplified version of the young, so missing the most significant development in the 1960s –the youth taking on a new role, becoming visible in “other” places, beyond the traditional spaces for protest, fighting for pacifism and civil rights, in an attempt to unite the utopian desire to change the world with a recognition of a strong subjectivity.

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