Defining a Ship: Architecture, Function, and Human Space

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Pomey
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Nautical Archaeology ◽  
Know How

This article is an introduction to the concept of maritime archaeology. In the field of archaeology, the study of a shipwreck endeavors to reconstitute the original ship. Thus, nautical archaeology belongs to the larger domain of maritime archaeology. The study of shipboard artifacts and cargo comes before a structural analysis is possible. Therefore, one must know how to anticipate the expected results in order to take into consideration the ensemble of data. A ship is an assembly of elements closely linked together, which express their true role in their relation to the whole. This article explains the conception phase. Several operations are necessary to achieve construction of a ship. The conception phase must then lead to a realization phase. The realization phase must materialize, with the help of diverse processes or methods, the construction principles chosen for the structural and shape concept of the ship.

scholarly journals Podvodna/podmorska arheologija, arheologija pomorstva i arheologija broda: razmatranje terminoloških pitanja

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Radić Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Underwater Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Nautical Archaeology ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Technical Terms

The objective of this paper is to review the history of terminology supporting the scientific disciplines of underwater/submarine, maritime and nautical archaeology within the framework of Croatian archaeology, and provide recommendations for future classifications. Underwater archaeology and submarine archaeology are generally accepted technical terms denoting archaeological research conducted under special conditions, and requiring appropriate equipment and tools. Proper definition of terms nautical and maritime archaeology makes it possible to differentiate between the tasks and objectives of the two disciplines and clarify their scientific contributions to archaeology in general, providing a much clearer perception of their content and meaning.

Maritime History and Maritime Archaeology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco C. Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Underwater Archaeology ◽  
Nautical Archaeology ◽  
Marine Archaeology ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Maritime history embraces naval history, which is the relationship of human societies with the sea. Maritime history began to be recognized as a disciplinary field about half a century ago. In this context, archaeology is defined as the systematic study of past human life, behaviors, activities, and cultures using material remains and the relationships among them. Underwater archaeology defines archaeological activities carried out underwater and includes inland water activity. This article defines and underlines the distinctions between underwater archaeology, marine archaeology, and nautical archaeology. Maritime archaeology has undergone a boost in recent years. This article elucidates that both maritime archaeology and maritime history focus on the relationship between human societies and the maritime world, i.e., they have a common subject matter but have different theoretical and methodological perspectives. This is explained by a case study of the Pepper Wreck.

scholarly journals BENTUK, FUNGSI, DAN MAKNA LELAKAQ SASAK SEBAGAI MEDIA KAMPANYE CALON WALIKOTA MATARAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Usman Jayadi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Know How ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lombok Island

In Lombok Island, Lelakaq Sasak is one of the important cultures used to give suggestion to people. Nowdays Lelakaq Sasak are used as campaign media e.g. elections for head village, legislative, regency and governor to attract constituent. The goal of this research is to know how Lelakaq  types and function used in Mataram regency campaign. Data were collected using observation, quotation, document, and were analyzed using structural analysis, semiotic and hermeneutic. The results showed some types of Lelakaq used for campaing in Mataram regency election existed. Structural analysis found Lelakaq was used in terms of theme and advice. In semiotic, Lelakaq was presented in terms of metaphor, hyperbola. In hermeneutic Lelakaq apperead in terms of sounds, aliteration, association, diction. Lelakaq functioned as entertaint, stimulus and advice. The purpose of Lelakaq is about to describe event and feeling and in the campaign lelakaq was represented to give moral value, material, spiritual and people’s  visualisation.  

scholarly journals Seeking a common ground for the Nautical Archaeology Digital Library (NADL). Reflections on science, method, theory and templates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borrero L. ◽  
Patricia Schwindingera ◽  
Ana Castelli ◽  
Nicolas C. Ciarlo ◽  
Rodrigo Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Nautical Archaeology ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
The World

<p class="VARKeywords">Data sharing is a fundamental process for the advancement of both natural and social sciences. Starting from the idea that computers and the internet have drastically changed the world in the last decades, this paper advocates for the creation of a space where archaeologists from around the world can share information about maritime history and exchange data with colleagues. Following the principles of open access, we argue that raw data publication is necessary and significant for the development and democratization of the discipline. This study explains the fundamental aspects of the Nautical Archaeology Digital Library (NADL) and its efforts to standardize information collection for shipwrecks and related sites, so that scholars can create a community to disseminate both raw data and complete information in the field of maritime archaeology. To achieve this, our purpose is to facilitate the development of common-ground methodology and terminology that promotes an intelligible dialogue within the global community of nautical archaeologists. This paper addresses some considerations on terminology and systematization in scientific disciplines and discusses the theoretical and methodological issues linked to the process of making a template for recording shipwrecks. Furthermore, this article analyses some of the problems related to the standardization of description processes and the necessity to create a flexible system that accounts for data diversity. The third section discusses how science is greatly enhanced by publishing information in open access platforms.</p><p>Highlights:</p><p>• Standardization of data allows robust comparative and inter-subjective analysis of coastal and maritime projects, shipwrecks and nautical technology.<br />• Research is strongly benefited by sharing information underlying publications and raw data generated within a project in open source platforms.<br />• Digital databases such as NADL enhance cooperative research, as well as teaching and outreach strategies.</p>

Shipwreck Hauntography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rich
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Nautical Archaeology ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
Age Of Discovery ◽  
Traditional Scholarship

Drawing on a broad theoretical range from speculative realism to feminist psychoanalysis and anti-colonialism, this book represents a radical departure from traditional scholarship on maritime archaeology. Shipwreck Hauntography asserts that nautical archaeology bears the legacy of Early Modern theological imperialism, most evident through the savior-scholar model that resurrects—physically or virtually—ships from wrecks. Instead of construing shipwrecks as dead, awaiting resurrection from the seafloor, this book presents them as vibrant if not recalcitrant objects, having shaken off anthropogenesis through varying stages of ruination. Sara Rich illustrates this anarchic condition with 'hauntographs' of five Age of 'Discovery' shipwrecks, each of which elucidates the wonder of failure and finitude, alongside an intimate brush with the eerie, horrific, and uncanny.

The Development of Maritime Archaeology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Nautical Archaeology ◽  
Coastal Archaeology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Face Time

This article highlights the development of maritime archaeology as a discipline. It is by watercraft that some areas and smaller islands of our planet, seas and oceans, have been discovered, explored, settled, exploited, supplied, and defended. Maritime archaeology has several branches including coastal archaeology, nautical archaeology, which is the largest and best-known of the subdisciplines of maritime archaeology. In the 1970s, maritime and nautical archaeology became academic disciplines. Maritime archaeology is today, a respected subject. Even in the field of nautical archaeology, there are various specializations. This article talks about the problem of lack of availability of thorough, scholarly publications of fieldwork. One of maritime archaeology's greatest challenges lies in educating the public about the purposes of archaeology. Both cultural resources or heritage management archaeologists and those from academic institutions often face time constraints in collecting and publishing as much information as possible on sites that might otherwise be lost forever.

Structural analysis of the surface-layer protein of spirillum serpens by high-resolution electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
W. H. Wu ◽  
R. M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Surface Layer Protein ◽  
Morphological Unit ◽  
Resolution Electron

Spirillum serpens possesses a surface layer protein which exhibits a regular hexagonal packing of the morphological subunits. A morphological model of the structure of the protein has been proposed at a resolution of about 25 Å, in which the morphological unit might be described as having the appearance of a flared-out, hollow cylinder with six ÅspokesÅ at the flared end. In order to understand the detailed association of the macromolecules, it is necessary to do a high resolution structural analysis. Large, single layered arrays of the surface layer protein have been obtained for this purpose by means of extensive heating in high CaCl2, a procedure derived from that of Buckmire and Murray. Low dose, low temperature electron microscopy has been applied to the large arrays.As a first step, the samples were negatively stained with neutralized phosphotungstic acid, and the specimens were imaged at 40,000 magnification by use of a high resolution cold stage on a JE0L 100B. Low dose images were recorded with exposures of 7-9 electrons/Å2. The micrographs obtained (Fig. 1) were examined by use of optical diffraction (Fig. 2) to tell what areas were especially well ordered.

RNA polymerase: Preparation and structural analysis of helical polymers

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
E. Loren Buhle ◽  
Pamela Rew ◽  
Ueli Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Helical Polymers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

While DNA-dependent RNA polymerase represents one of the key enzymes involved in transcription and ultimately in gene expression in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, little progress has been made towards elucidation of its 3-D structure at the molecular level over the past few years. This is mainly because to date no 3-D crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been obtained with this rather large (MW ~500 kd) multi-subunit (α2ββ'ζ). As an alternative, we have been trying to form ordered arrays of RNA polymerase from E. coli suitable for structural analysis in the electron microscope combined with image processing. Here we report about helical polymers induced from holoenzyme (α2ββ'ζ) at low ionic strength with 5-7 mM MnCl2 (see Fig. 1a). The presence of the ζ-subunit (MW 86 kd) is required to form these polymers, since the core enzyme (α2ββ') does fail to assemble into such structures under these conditions.

Beam-radiation effects on wool in the ESEM

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Know How ◽  
Environmental Sem

The advent of the environmental SEM (ESEM) has made possible the examination of uncoated and untreated specimen surfaces in the presence of a gaseous or liquid environment. However, the question arises as to what degree the examined surface remains unaffected by the action of the electron beam. It is reasonable to assume that the beam invariably affects all specimens but the type and degree of effect may be totally unimportant for one class of applications and totally unacceptable for another; yet, for a third class, it is imperative to know how our observations are modified by the presence of the beam. The aim of this report is to create an awareness of the need to initiate research work in various fields in order to determine the guiding rules of the limitations (or even advantages) due to irradiation.

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