Birth Weight as an Indicator of Human Welfare

2015 ◽  
pp. 620-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peter Ward
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Newborn Weight ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Birth weight is a biometric measure of well-being widely used as an infant health indicator. It also offers insights into maternal and population health more generally. The most common measures of weight at birth are the mean and the proportion of low birth weight (LBW; less than 2,500 g) infants. LBW neonates experience higher risk of infant morbidity and mortality. Globally, LBW rates average 15%. Wealthy Western societies generally experience the highest mean weights whereas the lowest are found in some of the globe’s poorest nations. Factors affecting newborn weight fall into five categories: genetic, environmental, gestational, socioeconomic, and nutritional. Studies of birth weight concerned with change over time reveal important regional and temporal differences, notably during times of social and economic crisis. Numerous studies have identified relationships between low birth weight and a range of health problems in later life, including hypertension, coronary heart disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

scholarly journals Impact of Low Birth Weight on Early Vascular Aging and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Later Life Among Cameroonian Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Daniel Lemogoum ◽  
Philippe van de Borne ◽  
Michel P. Hermans ◽  
Danielle Christiane Kedy Mangamba ◽  
Aurel Sikamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Difference

Background Evidence suggests that low birth weight (LBW) is associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk in adulthood, including increased arterial stiffness, a marker of early vascular aging (EVA) assessable by pulse wave velocity (PWV), obesity and glucose homeostasis abnormalities. The present study aimed to explore the late impact of LBW on PWV and cardiometabolic phenotypes among young adult Cameroonians. Methods The study evaluated 120 subjects (mean age: 26 ± 5 years; 54% male sex) at the Cameroon Heart Institute, Douala, Cameroon, between January and June 2018. Birth weight (BW) and gestational age, sociodemographic, anthropometrics and fasting capillary blood glucose were recorded in all participants. Blood pressure (BP) and PWV were measured using an automatic oscillometric device (Mobil-O-Graph®). Multiple-adjusted linear regression was used to determine predictive factors for PWV. For assessment of potential impact of BW on EVA, PWV was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results 28 participants (23.3%) of the study sample had LBW (<3000g). There was no gender difference between LBW or normal birth weight patients (NBW; controls). Age- and MAP-adjusted PWV (aPWV) were higher in women with LBW compared to NBW (5.6 m/s and 5.3 m/s respectively, P = 0.038). In men, aPWV was similar in LBW and NBW. In this study population, aPWV was higher (on average +15 cm/s) in LBW than in controls, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.083). Multivariate regression analysis showed age, male sex, BMI and MAP were independent determinants of PWV, but not LBW. Compared to NBW controls, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, impaired glucose homeostasis and diabetes was higher in LBW: 42.9% vs 37%; 10.7% vs 3.3%, and 3.6 % vs 1.1%, respectively. Moreover, compared with controls, LBW individuals who were overweight/obese in adulthood had a much higher mean fasting capillary glucose (1.54 ±0.17 g/l vs 0.87 ±0.11 g/l in NBW, p=0.003). Conclusion This study suggests that although LBW is associated with increased aortic stiffness in young adulthood, mainly in women, the association was predominantly driven by aging, MAP, BMI and male sex. In adulthood, LBW subjects exhibited higher obesity indices and altered glucose homeostasis.

Is Low Birth Weight an Antecedent of CKD in Later Life? A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. White ◽  
Vlado Perkovic ◽  
Alan Cass ◽  
Choon Lan Chang ◽  
Neil R. Poulter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Later Life

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on demographic factors affecting low birth weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4896
Author(s):  
Renu Sulakhe Vasant ◽  
Lavanya K. M. Rao ◽  
Nageswara Rao V.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the commonest cause for infant and childhood morbidity and mortality. The majority of low birth weight in developing countries is due to intrauterine growth retardation, while most low birth weight in industrialized countries is due to preterm birth. LBW is the single most important factor determining the survival chances of the child. The objectives of the study were to assess the proportion of low birth weight among babies delivered by mothers at a tertiary care hospital and to analyse the relationship between low birth weight and certain socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care centre for a period of six months.Results: The prevalence of LBW was 23.5%. The proportion of mothers having low birth weight was maximum in women aged less than 18 years (35%) and more than 30 years (26.5%). Muslim women had a higher proportion of LBW (28.8%). LBW was more in women belonging to joint family (30.0%), low per capita income group and illiterates.Conclusions: The prevalence of LBW still continues to be high, almost one fourth of the babies are LBW. Different socio-demographic characteristics of the population are still the important factors determining the occurrence of LBW.

Unsuspected Hyperosmolality of Oral Solutions Contributing to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-538
Author(s):  
DIANA M. WILLIS ◽  
JOANN CHABOT ◽  
INGEBORG C. RADDE ◽  
GRAHAM W. CHANCE
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Umbilical Vessel ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Nutritional Studies

In recent years necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has become a major problem in neonatal intensive care units. Recent incidences as high as 8% in all infants with a birth weight less than 2.5 kg and 14% in those with a birth weight less than 1.5 kg have been reported from one center.1Despite intensive searches for possible causative factors, no definite entity has been identified, but asphyxia,2 circulatory changes associated with exchange transfusion,3 umbilical vessel catheterization,4 immature immune status,5infection,6-8 and hypertonic feedings9 have all been implicated. In the course of a series of nutritional studies involving thriving very-low-birth-weight infants we

Parental psychological well-being and cognitive development of very low birth weight infants at 2 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Huhtala ◽  
Riikka Korja ◽  
Liisa Lehtonen ◽  
Leena Haataja ◽  
Helena Lapinleimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Obstetric Risk Factors Affecting Incidence of Low Birth Weight in Live-Born Infants

Neonatology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef M. Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Abdulbari Bener ◽  
Adekunle Dawodu ◽  
Inge Kappel ◽  
Farouk Ahmed Surouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Maternal and pregnancy-related factors affecting human milk cytokines among Peruvian mothers bearing low-birth-weight neonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Zambruni ◽  
Alex Villalobos ◽  
Anoma Somasunderam ◽  
Sarah Westergaard ◽  
Maitreyee Nigalye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting
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