scholarly journals Analyzing Freedom of Expression Online: Theoretical, Empirical, and Normative Contributions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Nash
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Full Range ◽  
First Century ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
Digital Surveillance ◽  
The Many

This chapter highlights the most significant ways in which research from across Internet Studies combines thematically to offer a picture of the challenges facing freedom of expression in the twenty-first century, as well as the need for broader theoretical frameworks. It suggests that a broader theoretical framework is required to catch the full range of law and policies shaping expression online, and to develop responses for policy and practice. The Internet presents just as many opportunities for digital surveillance or censorship as it does for free expression. The most helpful contribution of Internet Studies has been to expose and illuminate the many different forces that restrict or expand the opportunities to speak and communicate. The Internet has become central to communication and it plays a role in helping multiple actors to obtain their various goals.

18. Freedom of Expression

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rainey ◽  
Elizabeth Wicks ◽  
Andclare Ovey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet

This chapter examines the protection of the freedom of expression in the European Convention on Human Rights, discusses the provisions of Article 10, and explains that the majority of cases concerning Article 10 are brought by persons who have received some penalty for defaming or insulting other people. It analyses what constitutes an interference with free expression and considers the limitations on freedom of expression. The chapter also examines the judgments made by the Strasbourg Court on several related cases, including those that involved incitement to violence and hate speech, obscenity, and blasphemy. It also covers the development of case-law concerning social media and the internet.

Internet Studies: The Foundations of a Transformative Field

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
Internet Policy ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Overview

This chapter offers a broad overview of Internet Studies. The key challenge of Internet Studies research focuses on the discovery of concepts, models, theories, and related frameworks that give a more empirically valid understanding of the factors influencing the Internet and its societal implications. The Internet can be used in everyday life and work, and in a converging media world. The study of Internet policy and regulation has focused on issues of freedom of expression, privacy, and ‘Internet governance’. Then, the chapter briefly discusses the issue on the definition of the Internet, and how its resolution is connected to how narrowly or broadly people draw the history of the Internet and the boundaries of the field. It is observed that studies of politics, relationships, news, and other phenomena are exploring the Internet within a larger ecology of information and communications technologies (ICTs). Also, the Internet and related ICTs are globally important.

scholarly journals NORMA PERSATUAN SEBAGAI BATASAN PERBUATAN PIDANA PENYEBARAN UJARAN KEBENCIAN MELALUI INTERNET

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-126
Author(s):  
Hwian Christianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
The Law ◽  
Penal Sanction

The Law no 11 of 2008 contains a penal rule against spreading hatred by the means of the internet (or digital social media). The enforcement of this penal sanction, due to its vagueness on the meaning of the term hate and spread of hate, consequently result in a public debate on how it impacts on people’s right of free expression. Apparently this vagueness opens up the possibility to limit even suppress freedom of expression. Using a juridical normative approach, this article discusses the leitmotiv of the above penal sanction.  The author suggests that the express purpose of this article is to secure the unity and integrity of a pluralistic society. 

scholarly journals LIMITATIONS OF THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN THE INTERNET

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Brzyski
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Services ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

The development of Internet services lead to many changes in forms of expression of our opinions and ideas. The author shall discuss whether the term “freedom of speech” is still suitable for modern times, regarding the conversations in the social media. As we all know, the freedom of speech and the freedom of expression were never absolute and certain limitations of them are completely legal and necessary. However, as the author will try to prove, there are some serious concerns about executing such limitations online as well as effectively proving if someone’s rights have been violated due to excess of freedom of expression. The possible ideas of fighting the hate speech and other acts of trespassing the right to free expression shall also be presented.

The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Key Questions

Internet Studies has been one of the most dynamic and rapidly expanding interdisciplinary fields to emerge over the last decade.The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studieshas been designed to provide a resource in this area, bringing together scholarly perspectives on how the Internet has been studied and how the research agenda should be pursued in the future. The book aims to focus on Internet Studies as an emerging field, each chapter seeking to provide a synthesis and critical assessment of the research in a particular area. Topics covered include social perspectives on the technology of the Internet; the Internet's role in everyday life and work; implications for communication, power, and influence; and the governance and regulation of the Internet. The book aims not only to help to strengthen research on the key questions, but also to shape research, policy, and practice across many disciplines that are finding the Internet and its political, economic, cultural, and other societal implications increasingly central to their own key areas of inquiry.

From ‘Notice and Takedown’ to ‘Notice and Stay Down’: Risks and Safeguards for Freedom of Expression

2020 ◽  
pp. 523-543
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kuczerawy
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

Since the emergence of the internet industry, policymakers around the world have introduced limited liability regimes, which provide rightholders with enforcement mechanisms to call upon an internet intermediary directly to remedy a wrongdoing to which they believe they have been subject. These mechanisms go generally under the name of notice and action (N&A). This chapter describes the most commonly encountered N&A mechanisms around the world, namely ‘notice and takedown’ (NTD), ‘notice and notice’ (NN), and ‘notice and stay down’ (NSD). The analysis of each mechanism refers to specific national implementations. As all N&A mechanisms provide for the removal or blocking of content, each mechanism also constitutes a potential interference with the right to freedom of expression. The goal of this chapter is to examine how different types of N&A mechanisms amplify the risks to free expression and what safeguards they include to prevent such risks from manifesting themselves.

18. Freedom of Expression

2020 ◽  
pp. 488-526
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rainey ◽  
Pamela McCormick ◽  
Clare Ovey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet

This chapter examines the protection of the freedom of expression in the European Convention on Human Rights, discusses the provisions of Article 10, and explains that the majority of cases concerning Article 10 are brought by persons who have received some penalty for defaming or insulting other people. It analyses what constitutes an interference with free expression and considers the limitations on freedom of expression. The chapter also examines the judgments made by the Strasbourg Court on several related cases, including those that involved privacy, incitement to violence and hate speech, obscenity, and blasphemy. It also covers the development of case-law concerning social media and the internet.

Das Internet der Tiere: Natur 4.0 und die conditio humana

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Alexander Pschera
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrie 4.0 ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Conditio Humana ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Human Condition

"Neben der Industrie hat die Digitalisierung auch die Natur ergriffen. Die Tatsache, dass Tausende von Tieren mit GPS-Sendern aus- gerüstet und überwacht werden, erlaubt, analog zur Industrie 4.0 auch von einer Natur 4.0 zu sprechen. Dieses Internet der Tiere verändert den Begriff, den der Mensch von der Natur hat. Er transformiert die Wahrnehmung vor allem der Natur als etwas fundamental An- deren. Neben den vielen kulturellen Problematisierungen, die das Internet der Tiere mit sich bringt, lassen sich aber auch die Umrisse einer neuen, ganz und gar nicht esoterischen planetarisch-post-digitalen Kultur aufzeigen, die die conditio humana verändert. In addition to industry, digitalization has also taken hold of nature. The fact that thousands of animals are provided and monitored with GPS transmitters allows to speak of nature 4.0 by way of analogy to industry 4.0. This internet of animals changes our idea of nature. Most of all, it transforms the perception of nature as something fundamentally other. Beside the many cultural problems that the internet of animals implies, it can also outline a new, not at all esoteric planetary post-digital culture that is about to change the human condition. "

Effectiveness of Supervised Classification Models for Hate Speech on Twitter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Srivastava ◽  
Ryan Tabrizi ◽  
Ayaan Rahim ◽  
Lauryn Nakamitsu
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Personal Attack ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
The Many ◽  
Primary Medium ◽  
Offensive Speech

<div> <div> <div> <p>Abstract </p> <p>The ceaseless connectivity imposed by the internet has made many vulnerable to offensive comments, be it their physical appearance, political beliefs, or religion. Some define hate speech as any kind of personal attack on one’s identity or beliefs. Of the many sites that grant the ability to spread such offensive speech, Twitter has arguably become the primary medium for individuals and groups to spread these hurtful comments. Such comments typically fail to be detected by Twitter’s anti-hate system and can linger online for hours before finally being taken down. Through sentiment analysis, this algorithm is able to distinguish hate speech effectively through the classification of sentiment. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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