The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
The Third ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Definition Of

This handbook offers an extensive cross-linguistic and cross-theoretical survey of polysynthetic languages, in which single multi-morpheme verb forms can express what would be whole sentences in English. These languages and the problems they raise for linguistic analyses have long featured prominently in language descriptions, and yet the essence of polysynthesis remains under discussion, right down to whether it delineates a distinct, coherent type, rather than an assortment of frequently co-occurring traits. Chapters in the first part of the handbook relate polysynthesis to other issues central to linguistics, such as complexity, the definition of the word, the nature of the lexicon, idiomaticity, and to typological features such as argument structure and head marking. Part II contains areal studies of those geographical regions of the world where polysynthesis is particularly common, such as the Arctic and Sub-Arctic and northern Australia. The third part examines diachronic topics such as language contact and language obsolence, while Part IV looks at acquisition issues in different polysynthetic languages. Finally, Part V contains detailed grammatical descriptions of over twenty languages which have been characterized as polysynthetic, with special attention given to the presence or absence of potentially criterial features.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fortescue ◽  
Marianne Mithun ◽  
Nicholas Evans
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Part Structure ◽  
Definition Of

The first chapter of The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis introduces the notion of polysynthesis and the related issues that the volume addresses, such as complexity, the definition of the word, the nature of the lexicon, idiomaticity, and typological features such as argument structure and head marking. It also outlines the part structure of the volume: Part I addresses polysynthesis from different perspectives; Part II contains areal studies of those geographical regions of the world where polysynthesis is particularly common, such as the Arctic and Sub-Arctic and northern Australia; Part III examines diachronic topics such as language contact and language obsolescence; Part IV looks at acquisition issues in different polysynthetic languages.

Delving into Horror

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Definition Of

The springboard for this essay is the author’s encounter with the feeling of horror and her attempts to understand what place horror has in philosophy. The inquiry relies upon Leonid Lipavsky’s “Investigation of Horror” and on various textual plunges into the fanged and clawed (and possibly noumenal) abyss of Nick Land’s work. Various experiences of horror are examined in order to build something of a typology, while also distilling the elements characteristic of the experience of horror in general. The essay’s overall hypothesis is that horror arises from a disruption of the usual ways of determining the boundaries between external things and the self, and this leads to a distinction between three subtypes of horror. In the first subtype, horror begins with the indeterminacy at the boundaries of things, a confrontation with something that defeats attempts to define it and thereby calls into question the definition of the self. In the second subtype, horror springs from the inability to determine one’s own boundaries, a process opposed by the crushing determinacy of the world. In the third subtype, horror unfolds by means of a substitution of one determinacy by another which is unexpected and ungrounded. In all three subtypes of horror, the disturbance of determinacy deprives the subject, the thinking entity, of its customary foundation for thought, and even of an explanation of how that foundation was lost; at times this can lead to impairment of the perception of time and space. Understood this way, horror comes within a hair’s breadth of madness - and may well cross over into it.

Journalistic objectivity and The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Harris Parker
Keyword(s):  
National Identities ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Daily Show ◽  
Daily Show ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The press is a constitutive part of our society. It helps create national identities and formulates society's understanding of itself and its place in the world. Moreover, a free press is indispensable for ensuring the vibrancy of a democracy. For these reasons, a close inspection of news, and an evaluation of its performance, is crucial. We must look to the development of the mass press at the turn of the twentieth century to locate the beginnings of journalistic objectivity and the type of news we are familiar with today. The first section of this paper offers a review of accounts of this transformational period, placing opposing theories within the larger framework of the frictions between cultural studies and political economy, and underscores the need for a holistic understanding of the period. The second section chronicles the press's articulation of its new professional tenets, offers a definition of journalistic objectivity, and reveals its intrinsic limitations. The third section details how the modern press's ideal democratic mandate has been compromised, with the influence of the press being used instead to ensconce powerful interests. And the fourth section outlines the calls for a redefinition of journalism in light of the failures covered in the preceding section. Finally, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart is offered as an alternative journalistic form that transcends the dangerous dogma of traditional news outlets, allowing it to fulfill the democratic responsibility of the press by encouraging a critical and astute citizenry.

The Third Law in Newton's Mechanics

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick W. Home
Keyword(s):  
Operational Definition ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Third Law ◽  
Newton’S Laws ◽  
Philosophical Viewpoint ◽  
Definition Of

Most modern analysts of Newton's laws of motion, whether they have approached the subject from a historical or from a philosophical viewpoint, have tended to concentrate on the status of the first two laws; the third law has largely been overlooked, or else it has been dismissed as somehow less interesting. My purpose in this paper is to reverse this approach—I intend to investigate some of the historical aspects of the third law, particularly the empirical background to Newton's statement of it, and in so doing, I intend to skirt most of the questions which have been raised concerning the status of the other two laws. In concentrating on the historical aspects of the third law, I shall also by-pass Mach's controversial re-interpretation of its role in mechanics, for while Mach saw the law as the basis for an operational definition of “mass”, it is quite clear that Newton did not so regard it. On the contrary, Newton seems to have regarded all three of his laws as straightforward statements of fact about the world, so that a knowledge of the factual background to the laws is a fundamental pre-requisite to an understanding of Newton's thought.

Truth, proof and evidence

Homeopathy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 97 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Swayne
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Third ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The study and practice of medicine, in its most personal and intimate functions, its most sophisticated scientific and technological manifestations, and its philosophical and ethical ramifications, are central to our understanding of the human condition. Homeopathic medicine: its insights, the questions that it begs, and the scientific and philosophical challenges it presents, has a significant contribution to make to this process.To be actively and seriously engaged with homeopathy is an adventurous undertaking. It is to be engaged in exploring both human nature and the nature of the world we inhabit. And in that process we are also engaged in the pursuit of truth and the exploration of reality.This paper deals first with the layout of the playing field on which homeopathy has to compete to be taken seriously. It then discusses three concepts: reality, truth and knowledge, which are objectives for which we strive and principles that guide us in that striving. In the third part it introduces the concept of ‘personal knowledge’ as an essential ingredient of scientific discovery and the pursuit of truth. And finally it proposes that the homeopathic community in general, and the Faculty of Homeopathy in particular, must expand its vision with a definition of a new paradigm, the new model of healthcare and medical science to which the vision aspires.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of the Development of Arctic Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-277
Author(s):  
A. I. Terekhov
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Academic School ◽  
Source Of Information

The article presents a brief bibliometric analysis and assessment of the development of research related to the Arctic. The world trends in the volume of scientific output are considered, significant countries prticipating in the research are identified, their contribution and the place of Russia are assessed, an international co-authorship network is built and studied. The rapid growth of world research in the Arctic in the last decade, driven by not only the Arctic countries, but also non-Arctic ones, and the growing international cooperation are shown. Russia, combining the traditionally strong position of Russian academic school in the study of the Arctic with the increasing activity of universities, significantly exceeded the average world growth rate and became the third in the world in terms of the volume of Arctic research. The main source of information for the analysis was the Web of Science Core Collection database, an additional source – Google Scholar

scholarly journals Concretes, countries, and processes in Julius O. Kaiser's Theory of Systematic Indexing: A case study in the definition of general categories

NASKO ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Dousa
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Definition Of

Although general categories are an important feature of many KOSs, they are difficult to define. If we are to understand the factors that render category definition difficult, we should consider how designers of past KOSs have defined the categories in their systems. This paper presents, as a case study, an analysis of the formulation of categories in J. Kaiser’s theory of systematic indexing, which was designed for the indexing of commercial literature. Kaiser’s theory posited three categories: concretes, countries, and processes. Close examination of his writings reveals semantic tensions in the definition of each category. Concretes were defined both in general terms as things-in-the-world and in domain specific terms as commodities; Countries were defined as political units but included geographical regions that were not politically unified; and Processes were defined alternately as conditions of concretes or actions associated with them. Tensions also appear in the categorial scheme comprising these categories, of which there were dyadic (Concrete-Process) and triadic (Concrete-Country-Process), the former of which was grounded on a theoretical model and the latter, on pragmatic, domain-specific considerations. Kaiser’s attempts to harmonize these models by deriving countries from concretes faltered because of his narrow construal of concretes. The tensions in Kaiser’s definition of categories are due to semantic overdetermination, while those associated with his categorial scheme are ascribable to the general tension between theory and practice.

scholarly journals Journalistic objectivity and The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Harris Parker
Keyword(s):  
National Identities ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Daily Show ◽  
Daily Show ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The press is a constitutive part of our society. It helps create national identities and formulates society's understanding of itself and its place in the world. Moreover, a free press is indispensable for ensuring the vibrancy of a democracy. For these reasons, a close inspection of news, and an evaluation of its performance, is crucial. We must look to the development of the mass press at the turn of the twentieth century to locate the beginnings of journalistic objectivity and the type of news we are familiar with today. The first section of this paper offers a review of accounts of this transformational period, placing opposing theories within the larger framework of the frictions between cultural studies and political economy, and underscores the need for a holistic understanding of the period. The second section chronicles the press's articulation of its new professional tenets, offers a definition of journalistic objectivity, and reveals its intrinsic limitations. The third section details how the modern press's ideal democratic mandate has been compromised, with the influence of the press being used instead to ensconce powerful interests. And the fourth section outlines the calls for a redefinition of journalism in light of the failures covered in the preceding section. Finally, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart is offered as an alternative journalistic form that transcends the dangerous dogma of traditional news outlets, allowing it to fulfill the democratic responsibility of the press by encouraging a critical and astute citizenry.

scholarly journals The irreplaceable role of coronavirus carriers in its transmission and in second wave of infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Second Wave

At present, the fight against the virus is focused on early diagnosis and vaccination, which are indispensable and essential methods in finding a viable solution. However, these are virtually defensive reactions. The virus reigns. We have turned the parasite into the king, practically having become its hostages. The new coronavirus pandemic is not over yet. The second wave has hit and is in full swing, with the third wave lurking around the corner or having already erupted. In most parts of the world, the second wave has proven to be much stronger than what we saw in spring 2020. There is a general perception that the definition of the second wave cannot be adequately expressed as there remains a lot of uncertainty and ambiguity, even among the scientific community. However, this phenomenon needs to be explained as it will help clarify the pandemic of the new coronavirus.

scholarly journals COMPETITION COUNCIL AS PART OF ECONOMIC POLICY, COMPETITION AND REGULATION IN BIH

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Mladen Rebić ◽  
Bojan Nerić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antitrust Authority ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Competition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

In this paper we pay special attentionto antitrust authority as the main regulatory bodywhose main task is to maintain healthy competition -structures in BiH. Given that the Competition Councilof Bosnia and Herzegovina was established relativelylate, compared to the surrounding countries, thelogical question is whether the antitrust body BiH wasable to monitor all the activities and events in theregion, the EU, and the world. It is a known fact thatone of the main conditions for EU accession isexistence of effective and fully operational regulatorybody in the field of competition. To what extent haveCompetition Council and Bosnia and Herzegovinacontributed to the fulfillment of this condition imposedby the EU? What are the previous results of theCompetition Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina? Wewill try to provide the answers to these questions inthis paper. The first part is based on introducing antimonopolybodies in BiH, as well as its basic tasks androles. The second part relates to the definition of theCompetition Act which is in force in Bosnia andHerzegovina, while the third part is devoted toanalysis of the business of the Competition Council inBiH. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to point out thesignificance of the existence and application of theCompetition Act, and the Competition Council, whichare, in the opinion of relevant experts, the key toimproving competition in the and Bosnia andHerzegovina.

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