Early Establishment of Photosynthesis and Auxin Biosynthesis Plays a Key Role in Early Biomass Heterosis in Brassica napus (Canola) Hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1134-1143
Author(s):  
Anyu Zhu ◽  
Aihua Wang ◽  
You Zhang ◽  
Elizabeth S Dennis ◽  
W James Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Early Expression ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Early Establishment

Abstract Heterosis or hybrid vigor has been used widely for more than a decade in Canola (Brassica napus) production. Canola hybrids show heterosis in a variety of traits compared to parents, including increased biomass at the early stages of seedling establishment, which is a critical developmental step that impacts future plant growth and seed yield. In this study, we examined transcriptomes of two parental lines, Garnet (Gar) and NX0052 (0052), and their reciprocal hybrids, Gar/0052, at 4 and 8 days after sowing (DAS). In hybrids, early seedling biomass heterosis is correlated with earlier expression of genes in photosynthesis pathways relative to parents. The hybrids also showed early expression of genes in the auxin biosynthesis pathway, consistent with the higher auxin concentrations detected in hybrid seedlings at 4 DAS. Auxin is a key phytohormone that regulates plant development promoting cell expansion and cell proliferation. Consistent with the increased levels of auxin, hybrids have larger and more palisade cells than the parents at the same time point. We propose a possible mechanism of early biomass heterosis through the early establishment of photosynthesis and auxin biosynthesis, providing insights into how transcriptional changes in hybrids are translated into phenotypical heterosis. This finding could be utilized in future Canola breeding to identify hybrid combinations with the superior early seedling establishment and strong levels of hybrid vigor in later plant development.

scholarly journals Cotyledon integrity on Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) brenan (fabaceae - mimosoideae) germination and early establishment

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-264
Author(s):  
Hisaias de Souza Almeida ◽  
Anne Priscila Dias Gonzaga ◽  
Helaine de Sousa ◽  
Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes ◽  
Henrique Nery Cipriani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Early Establishment

Despite the major ecological and economical relevance of forest species, little is known about their seedling establishment and seed germination, as well as the damage effects to seeds at these stages. This work aimed to assess the effects of partial cotyledon loss on the seed germination and early seedling establishment of Anadenanthera colubrina. Therefore, whole (control) and split seeds (with ¹/8, ¹/4, and ½ of their size cut) were evaluated. The seeds were then germinated and the early growth of seedlings was assessed. The treatments had no effect on seed germination, however, they influenced seedling survival and establishment. The highest mortality and growth reduction values were obtained with the most severe cotyledon removal. This indicates that the tegument and the partial cotyledon loss do not represent a barrier against seed germination. However, considerable damages may be detrimental to establishment and survival of A. colubrina seedlings.

The efficacy of soil ameliorants to improve early establishment in trees and shrubs in degraded Eucalyptus gomphocephala woodlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katinka X Ruthrof ◽  
Tegan K Douglas ◽  
Michael C Calver ◽  
Michael D Craig ◽  
Bernard Dell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Establishment Success ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Eucalyptus Gomphocephala ◽  
Nutrient Resources ◽  
Early Establishment

Many Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) are now vulnerable to climate change, with some regions predicted to undergo a shift towards much drier and hotter conditions. Although MTE woodlands are highly resilient to periods of drought and perturbations such as fire, this shift increases the already wide range of threatening processes they face. Without intervention, such as revegetation, many of these woodlands could degrade to the point where they support little of the original biota. However, in MTEs with hard to predict breaks in the season and nutrient poor soils; seedling establishment success is often very low. Using degraded Eucalyptus gomphocephala woodlands as a case study, we undertook two field trials with five commercially available plant treatments to evaluate their effectiveness in increasing early seedling establishment. We found that the mere addition of seedlings may not be enough to undertake successful revegetation in some degraded woodlands because a) survival rates in controls were, on average 53% at one of the study sites and b) the supplementation of nutrient resources beneath the rootball when planting increased early seedling growth and health compared with other treatments. We suggest that under emerging and well-recognized challenges to revegetation, supplementing abiotic resources, in particular nutrients applied exclusively beneath planted seedlings, may increase early establishment success.

scholarly journals TAA1-Mediated Auxin Biosynthesis Is Essential for Hormone Crosstalk and Plant Development

Cell ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna N. Stepanova ◽  
Joyce Robertson-Hoyt ◽  
Jeonga Yun ◽  
Larissa M. Benavente ◽  
De-Yu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Hormone Crosstalk

BnaA02.NIP6;1a encodes a boron transporter required for plant development under boron deficiency in Brassica napus

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Ge Song ◽  
Xueping Li ◽  
Raheel Munir ◽  
Ali Raza Khan ◽  
Wardah Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Boron Transporter

scholarly journals Endogenous Polyamines and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Relation to Germination of Osmoprimed Brassica napus Seeds under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lechowska ◽  
Łukasz Wojtyla ◽  
Muriel Quinet ◽  
Szymon Kubala ◽  
Stanley Lutts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Early Seedling

Currently, seed priming is reported as an efficient and low-cost approach to increase crop yield, which could not only promote seed germination and improve plant growth state but also increase abiotic stress tolerance. Salinity represents one of the most significant abiotic stresses that alters multiple processes in plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to salt stress is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. This paper examined the effect of osmopriming on endogenous polyamine metabolism at the germination and early seedling development of Brassica napus in relation to salinity tolerance. Free, conjugated and bound polyamines were analyzed, and changes in their accumulation were discussed with literature data. The most remarkable differences between the corresponding osmoprimed and unprimed seeds were visible in the free (spermine) and conjugated (putrescine, spermidine) fractions. The arginine decarboxylase pathway seems to be responsible for the accumulation of PAs in primed seeds. The obvious impact of seed priming on tyramine accumulation was also demonstrated. Moreover, the level of ethylene increased considerably in seedlings issued from primed seeds exposed to salt stress. It can be concluded that the polyamines are involved in creating the beneficial effect of osmopriming on germination and early growth of Brassica napus seedlings under saline conditions through moderate changes in their biosynthesis and accumulation.

scholarly journals Selenium Enhances Cadmium Accumulation Capability in Two Mustard Family Species—Brassica napus and B. juncea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ying Dong ◽  
Ling-Yang Feng ◽  
Zong-Lin Deng ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
High Level

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator. However, high-level Cd at the early seedling stage seriously arrests the growth of rape, which limits its applications. Brassica juncea had higher Cd accumulation capacity, but its biomass was lower, also limiting its applications. Previous studies have confirmed that Selenium (Se) can alleviate Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanism of Se in different valence states of Cd accumulation was unclear. In this study, we investigated the ameliorating effects of three Se valence states, Na2SeO4 [Se(VI)], Na2SeO3 [Se(IV)] and Se-Met [Se(II)], to Cd toxicity by physiological and biochemical approaches in hydroponically-cultured Brassica juncea and Brassica napus seedlings. Although Se treatments slightly inhibited seedling Cd concentration, it tripled or quadrupled the Cd accumulation level per plant, because dry weight increased about four times more with Se and Cd application than with Cd treatment alone. Among the different valence states of Se, Se(II) had the most marked effect on reducing Cd toxicity as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition and Cd content. The application of Se(II) was effective in reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and promoted the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis of both Brassica species. In addition, Se(II) treatment increased the concentrations of Cd in the cell wall and soluble fractions, but the Cd concentration in the organelle part was reduced.

Continuous expression in tobacco leaves of a Brassica napus PEND homologue blocks differentiation of plastids and development of palisade cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wycliffe ◽  
Folke Sitbon ◽  
Jonny Wernersson ◽  
Inés Ezcurra ◽  
Mats Ellerström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Palisade Cells

scholarly journals PIF4-controlled auxin pathway contributes to hybrid vigor in Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (17) ◽  
pp. E3555-E3562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Li Min Wu ◽  
Ian K. Greaves ◽  
Anyu Zhu ◽  
Elizabeth S. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Chromosome Segments

F1 hybrids in Arabidopsis and crop species are uniform and high yielding. The F2 generation loses much of the yield advantage and the plants have heterogeneous phenotypes. We generated pure breeding hybrid mimic lines by recurrent selection and also selected a pure breeding small phenotype line. The hybrid mimics are almost completely homozygous with chromosome segments from each parent. Four particular chromosomal segments from C24 and 8 from Ler were present in all of the hybrid mimic lines, whereas in the F6 small phenotype line, the 12 segments were each derived from the alternative parent. Loci critical for promoting hybrid vigor may be contained in each of these 12 conserved segments. We have identified genes with similar altered expression in hybrid mimics and F1 plants but not in the small phenotype line. These genes may be critical for the generation of hybrid vigor. Analysis of transcriptomes indicated that increased expression of the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF4) may contribute to hybrid vigor by targeting the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA8 and the auxin signaling gene IAA29. A number of auxin responsive genes promoting leaf growth were up-regulated in the F1 hybrids and hybrid mimics, suggesting that increased auxin biosynthesis and signaling contribute to the hybrid phenotype. The hybrid mimic seeds had earlier germination as did the seeds of the F1 hybrids, indicating cosegregation of the genes for rosette size and the germination trait. Early germination may be an indicator of vigorous hybrids.

scholarly journals Auxin cell biology in plant pattern formation

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana E. Caragea ◽  
Thomas Berleth
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Resolution Cell ◽  
Early Establishment

Auxin has been implicated in a vast array of plant processes, and concomitant with a more detailed understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying its biosynthesis, transport, and perception, it has become increasingly clear that auxin also has instructive roles in plant pattern formation. Moreover, it turns out that in a multitude of instances, from the early establishment of body axes to organogenesis in shoot and root, plant tissue patterns owe their robust flexibility in part to feedback interactions involving auxin. Higher resolution cell biology, molecular genetics, and genomics, as well as live imaging are now used together to define the parameters needed to generate more detailed and precise mathematical models of plant development.

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