An Apple B-Box Protein MdBBX37 Modulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Hypocotyl Elongation Synergistically with MdMYBs and MdHY5

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping An ◽  
Xiao-Fei Wang ◽  
Richard V Espley ◽  
Kui Lin-Wang ◽  
Si-Qi Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Light Signaling ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Negative Role

Abstract As an important environment factor, light affects plant growth and development throughout life. B-BOX (BBX) proteins play key roles in the regulation of light signaling. Although the multiple roles of BBX proteins have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the research in apple is much less extensive. In this study, we systematically characterized the negative role of an apple BBX protein MdBBX37 in light signaling, including inhibiting anthocyanin biosynthesis and promoting hypocotyl elongation. We found that MdBBX37 interacted with MdMYB1 and MdMYB9, two key positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and inhibited the binding of those two proteins to their target genes and, therefore, negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, MdBBX37 directly bound to the promoter of MdHY5, a positive regulator of light signaling, and suppressed its expression, and thus relieved MdHY5-mediated hypocotyl inhibition. Taken together, our investigations suggest that MdBBX37 is a negative regulator of light signaling in apple. Our study will provide reference for further study on the functions of BBX proteins in apple.

ABI5 regulates ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MYB1-bHLH3 complex in apple

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping An ◽  
Xiao-Wei Zhang ◽  
Ya-Jing Liu ◽  
Xiao-Fei Wang ◽  
Chun-Xiang You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. As a crucial regulator of ABA signaling, ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet its regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that MdABI5, the apple homolog of Arabidopsis ABI5, positively regulated ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. A series of biochemical tests showed that MdABI5 specifically interacts with basic helix-loop-helix 3 (MdbHLH3), a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdABI5 enhanced the binding of MdbHLH3 to its target genes dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (MdDFR) and UDP flavonoid glucosyl transferase (MdUF3GT). In addition, MdABI5 directly bound to the promoter of MdbHLH3 to activate its expression. Moreover, MdABI5 enhanced ABA-promoted interaction between MdMYB1 and MdbHLH3. Finally, antisense suppression of MdbHLH3 significantly reduced anthocyanin biosynthesis promoted by MdABI5, indicating that MdABI5-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis was dependent on MdbHLH3. Taken together, our data suggest that MdABI5 plays a positive role in ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MdbHLH3-MdMYB1 complex. Our work broadens the regulatory network of ABA-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis, providing new insights to further study the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms behind this process.

scholarly journals A novel role of MNT as a negative regulator of REL and the NF-κB pathway

Oncogenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Liaño-Pons ◽  
M. Carmen Lafita-Navarro ◽  
Lorena García-Gaipo ◽  
Carlota Colomer ◽  
Javier Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
E Boxes ◽  
Independent Protein

AbstractMNT, a transcription factor of the MXD family, is an important modulator of the oncoprotein MYC. Both MNT and MYC are basic-helix–loop–helix proteins that heterodimerize with MAX in a mutually exclusive manner, and bind to E-boxes within regulatory regions of their target genes. While MYC generally activates transcription, MNT represses it. However, the molecular interactions involving MNT as a transcriptional regulator beyond the binding to MAX remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate a novel MAX-independent protein interaction between MNT and REL, the oncogenic member of the NF-κB family. REL participates in important biological processes and it is altered in a variety of tumors. REL is a transcription factor that remains inactive in the cytoplasm in an inhibitory complex with IκB and translocates to the nucleus when the NF-κB pathway is activated. In the present manuscript, we show that MNT knockdown triggers REL translocation into the nucleus and thus the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, MNT overexpression results in the repression of IκBα, a bona fide REL target. Both MNT and REL bind to the IκBα gene on the first exon, suggesting its regulation as an MNT–REL complex. Altogether our data indicate that MNT acts as a repressor of the NF-κB pathway by two mechanisms: (1) retention of REL in the cytoplasm by MNT interaction, and (2) MNT-driven repression of REL-target genes through an MNT–REL complex. These results widen our knowledge about MNT biological roles and reveal a novel connection between the MYC/MXD and NF-κB pathways, two of the most prominent pathways in cancer.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of the Shared Role of CLN3 and BCK2 at the G1-S Transition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131-1143
Author(s):  
Herman Wijnen ◽  
Bruce Futcher
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Uncharacterized Protein ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Transcription Complexes

Abstract The transcription complexes SBF and MBF mediate the G1-S transition in the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In late G1, SBF and MBF induce a burst of transcription in a number of genes, including G1- and S-phase cyclins. Activation of SBF and MBF depends on the G1 cyclin Cln3 and a largely uncharacterized protein called Bck2. We show here that the induction of SBF/MBF target genes by Bck2 depends partly, but not wholly, on SBF and MBF. Unlike Cln3, Bck2 is capable of inducing its transcriptional targets in the absence of functional Cdc28. Our results revealed promoter-specific mechanisms of regulation by Cln3, Bck2, SBF, and MBF. We isolated high-copy suppressors of the cln3 bck2 growth defect; all of these had the ability to increase CLN2 expression. One of these suppressors was the negative regulator of meiosis RME1. Rme1 induces CLN2, and we show that it has a haploid-specific role in regulating cell size and pheromone sensitivity. Genetic analysis of the cln3 bck2 defect showed that CLN1, CLN2, and other SBF/MBF target genes have an essential role in addition to the degradation of Sic1.

scholarly journals NINJA-Associated ERF19 Negatively Regulates Arabidopsis Pattern-Triggered Immunity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Yao Huang ◽  
Jingsong Zhang ◽  
Beier Jiang ◽  
Jhong-He Yu ◽  
Yu-Ping Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Erf Family ◽  
Complex Signaling ◽  
Molecular Patterns

ABSTRACTRecognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) derived from invading pathogens by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiates defense responses known as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate the onset of PTI through complex signaling networks. Here, we characterize the function of ERF19, a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene response factor (ERF) family. ERF19 was found to act as a negative regulator of PTI against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Notably, overexpression of ERF19 increased plant susceptibility to these pathogens and repressed MAMP-induced PTI outputs. In contrast, expression of the chimeric dominant repressor ERF19-SRDX boosted PTI activation, conferred increased resistance to B. cinerea, and enhanced elf18-triggered immunity against Pst. Consistent with a negative role of ERF19 in PTI, MAMP-mediated growth inhibition was respectively weakened or augmented in lines overexpressing ERF19 or expressing ERF19-SRDX. Moreover, we demonstrate that the transcriptional repressor Novel INteractor of JAZ (NINJA) associates with and represses the function of ERF19. Our work reveals ERF19 as a key player in a buffering mechanism to avoid defects imposed by over-activation of PTI and a potential role for NINJA in fine-tuning ERF19-mediated regulation.

scholarly journals miR-449a Repression Leads to Enhanced NOTCH Signaling in TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion Positive Prostate Cancer Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Simone Bauer ◽  
Leonie Ratz ◽  
Doreen Heckmann-Nötzel ◽  
Adam Kaczorowski ◽  
Markus Hohenfellner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Hes1 Expression ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Primary Effector

About 50% of prostate cancer (PCa) tumors are TMPRSS2:ERG (T2E) fusion-positive (T2E+), but the role of T2E in PCa progression is not fully understood. We were interested in investigating epigenomic alterations associated with T2E+ PCa. Using different sequencing cohorts, we found several transcripts of the miR-449 cluster to be repressed in T2E+ PCa. This repression correlated strongly with enhanced expression of NOTCH and several of its target genes in TCGA and ICGC PCa RNA-seq data. We corroborated these findings using a cellular model with inducible T2E expression. Overexpression of miR-449a in vitro led to silencing of genes associated with NOTCH signaling (NOTCH1, HES1) and HDAC1. Interestingly, HDAC1 overexpression led to the repression of HES6, a negative regulator of the transcription factor HES1, the primary effector of NOTCH signaling, and promoted cell proliferation by repressing the cell cycle inhibitor p21. Inhibition of NOTCH as well as knockdown of HES1 reduced the oncogenic properties of PCa cell lines. Using tissue microarray analysis encompassing 533 human PCa cores, ERG-positive areas exhibited significantly increased HES1 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that an epigenomic regulatory network enhances NOTCH signaling and thereby contributes to the oncogenic properties of T2E+ PCa.

scholarly journals GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
I. V. Kosakivska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Della Proteins ◽  
Plant Yields

Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and functional genomics. Aim. In this review, we focused on the role of GAs in regulation of plant gtowth in abiotic stress conditions. Results. We represented a key information on GAs biosynthesis, signaling and functional activity; summarized current understanding of the crosstalk between GAs and auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other hormones and what is the role of GAs in regulation of adaptation to drought, salinization, high and low temperature conditions, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize that the effects of GAs depend primarily on the strength and duration of stress and the phase of ontogenesis and tolerance of the plant. By changing the intensity of biosynthesis, the pattern of the distribution and signaling of GAs, plants are able to regulate resistance to abiotic stress, increase viability and even avoid stress. The issues of using retardants – inhibitors of GAs biosynthesis to study the functional activity of hormones under abiotic stresses were discussed. Special attention was focused on the use of exogenous GAs for pre-sowing priming of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Conclusion. Further study of the role of gibberellins in the acquisition of stress resistance would contribute to the development of biotechnology of exogenous use of the hormone to improve growth and increase plant yields under adverse environmental conditions.

scholarly journals miRNA-encoded peptide, miPEP858, regulates plant growth and development in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Poorwa Kamal Badola ◽  
Chitra Bhatia ◽  
Deepika Sharma ◽  
Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Small Peptide ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Exogenous Treatment

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding endogenous RNAs, are processed product of primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and regulate target gene expression. pri-miRNAs have also been reported to encode small peptides, miRNA-Encoded Peptides (miPEPs). Though regulatory role of miPEPs has been speculated, no detailed study has been carried out to elucidate their function through developing knock-out mutants. Here, we report that pri-miR858a of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a small peptide (miPEP858a) which regulates the expression of pri-miR858a leading to modulation in the expression of target genes involved in the plant growth and development as well as phenylpropanoid pathway. CRISPR-based miPEP858a-edited plants developed phenotypes similar to that of mature miR858-edited plants suggesting crucial role of miPEP858a in mediating miR585a function. miPEP858a-edited and miPEP858a overexpressing lines altered plant development and accumulated modulated levels of flavonoids due to changes in expression of associated genes. Exogenous treatment of synthetic-miPEP858a to the miPEP858a-edited plants complemented phenotypes and the gene function suggesting a significant role of miPEP858a in controlling the miR858 function and plant development.One sentence summarySmall peptide, miPEP858a, encoded by primary miRNA for miR858a regulates plant growth, development and flavonoid biosynthesisThe authors responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors

scholarly journals Multifunctional role of plant cysteine proteinases.

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Grudkowska ◽  
Barbara Zagdańska
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Protein Mobilization ◽  
Thiol Proteases ◽  
Storage Protein Mobilization

Cysteine proteinases also referred to as thiol proteases play an essential role in plant growth and development but also in senescence and programmed cell death, in accumulation of storage proteins such as in seeds, but also in storage protein mobilization. Thus, they participate in both anabolic and catabolic processes. In addition, they are involved in signalling pathways and in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review an attempt was undertaken to illustrate these multiple roles of cysteine proteinases and the mechanisms underlying their action.

scholarly journals STAT3, the Challenge for Chemotherapeutic and Radiotherapeutic Efficacy

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2459
Author(s):  
Ping-Lian Yang ◽  
Lu-Xin Liu ◽  
En-Min Li ◽  
Li-Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Transcription 3 ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

Chemoradiotherapy is one of the most effective and extensively used strategies for cancer treatment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates vital biological processes, such as cell proliferation and cell growth. It is constitutively activated in various cancers and limits the application of chemoradiotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that STAT3 regulates resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and thereby impairs therapeutic efficacy by mediating its feedback loop and several target genes. The alternative splicing product STAT3β is often identified as a dominant-negative regulator, but it enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy and offers a new and challenging approach to reverse therapeutic resistance. We focus here on exploring the role of STAT3 in resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors and radiotherapy, outlining the potential of targeting STAT3 to overcome chemo(radio)resistance for improving clinical outcomes, and evaluating the importance of STAT3β as a potential therapeutic approach to overcomes chemo(radio)resistance. In this review, we discuss some new insights into the effect of STAT3 and its subtype STAT3β on chemoradiotherapy sensitivity, and we explore how these insights influence clinical treatment and drug development for cancer.

scholarly journals The role of universal regulators of plant growth and development the DELLA proteins in the control of symbiosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Aleksandra V. Dolgikh ◽  
Elena A. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Della Proteins ◽  
Secondary Messengers ◽  
External Signals

The regulators of the gibberellin response, the DELLA proteins, are universal participants of signaling pathways that coordinate the processes of plant growth and development. This regulation is provided by the integration of external effect, as well as internal signals, such as a level of phytohormones and secondary messengers. Since DELLA proteins are extremely sensitive to increasing or decreasing of the gibberellic acid (GA) endogenous level, their direct interaction with transcription factors modulates the activity of the latter, and, consequently, the level of expression of target genes in response to external signals causing changes in the level of GA. However, the molecular mechanisms of the effect of DELLA proteins on the development of symbiosis remain poorly understood. The review analyzes classical and modern data on the functioning of DELLA proteins in plants.

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