ABI5 regulates ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MYB1-bHLH3 complex in apple

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping An ◽  
Xiao-Wei Zhang ◽  
Ya-Jing Liu ◽  
Xiao-Fei Wang ◽  
Chun-Xiang You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. As a crucial regulator of ABA signaling, ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet its regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that MdABI5, the apple homolog of Arabidopsis ABI5, positively regulated ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. A series of biochemical tests showed that MdABI5 specifically interacts with basic helix-loop-helix 3 (MdbHLH3), a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdABI5 enhanced the binding of MdbHLH3 to its target genes dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (MdDFR) and UDP flavonoid glucosyl transferase (MdUF3GT). In addition, MdABI5 directly bound to the promoter of MdbHLH3 to activate its expression. Moreover, MdABI5 enhanced ABA-promoted interaction between MdMYB1 and MdbHLH3. Finally, antisense suppression of MdbHLH3 significantly reduced anthocyanin biosynthesis promoted by MdABI5, indicating that MdABI5-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis was dependent on MdbHLH3. Taken together, our data suggest that MdABI5 plays a positive role in ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MdbHLH3-MdMYB1 complex. Our work broadens the regulatory network of ABA-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis, providing new insights to further study the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms behind this process.

scholarly journals ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 Interacts With RIBOSOMAL S6 KINASE2 to Mediate ABA Responses During Seedling Growth in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linxuan Li ◽  
Tingting Zhu ◽  
Yun Song ◽  
Li Feng ◽  
Essam Ali Hassan Farag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Interaction ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is an important regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway involved in regulating seed germination and postgerminative growth in Arabidopsis, which integrates various phytohormone pathways to balance plant growth and stress responses. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying ABI5 and its interacting proteins remain largely unknown. Here, we found that inhibition of AtTOR could increase ABA content by up-regulating the expression levels of ABA biosynthesis-related genes, and thus activated the expression of ABA-responsive genes. Pharmacological assay showed that abi5-1 mutant was insensitive to TOR inhibitor AZD8055, whereas AtABI5 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to AZD8055 in Arabidopsis. Biochemical interaction assays demonstrated that ABI5 physically interacted with the RIBOSOMAL S6 KINASE2 (S6K2) protein in plant cell. S6K2 positively regulated ABA responses during seedling growth and upregulated ABA-responsive genes expression. Furthermore, genetic and physiological analysis indicated that AtS6K2 overexpression lines enhanced resistance to drought treatment while AtS6K2 interference lines were sensitive to drought. These results indicated that AtABI5 interacted with AtS6K2 to positively modulate ABA responses during seedling growth and shed light on a underlying mechanism of the crosstalk between TOR and ABA signaling pathways in modulating seedling growth in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masaharu Suzuki ◽  
Suzanne Abrams ◽  
Donald R McCarty ◽  
Yuji Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

scholarly journals Distinct Glucocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional Regulatory Surfaces Mediate the Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Effects of Glucocorticoids

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 5036-5049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inez Rogatsky ◽  
Adam B. Hittelman ◽  
David Pearce ◽  
Michael J. Garabedian
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Antiproliferative Effect ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

ABSTRACT Glucocorticoids act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which can function as a transcriptional activator or repressor, to elicit cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in a variety of cells. The molecular mechanisms regulating these events and the target genes affected by the activated receptor remain largely undefined. Using cultured human osteosarcoma cells as a model for the GR antiproliferative effect, we demonstrate that in U20S cells, GR activation leads to irreversible growth inhibition, apoptosis, and repression of Bcl2. This cytotoxic effect is mediated by GR’s transcriptional repression function, since transactivation-deficient mutants and ligands still bring about apoptosis and Bcl2 down-regulation. In contrast, the antiproliferative effect of GR in SAOS2 cells is reversible, does not result in apoptosis or repression of Bcl2, and is a function of the receptor’s ability to stimulate transcription. Thus, the cytotoxic versus cytostatic outcome of glucocorticoid treatment is cell context dependent. Interestingly, the cytostatic effect of glucocorticoids in SAOS2 cells involves multiple GR activation surfaces. GR mutants and ligands that disrupt individual transcriptional activation functions (activation function 1 [AF-1] and AF-2) or receptor dimerization fail to fully inhibit cellular proliferation and, remarkably, discriminate between the targets of GR’s cytostatic action, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. Induction of p21Cip1 is agonist dependent and requires AF-2 but not AF-1 or GR dimerization. In contrast, induction of p27Kip1 is agonist independent, does not require AF-2 or AF-1, but depends on GR dimerization. Our findings indicate that multiple GR transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that employ distinct receptor surfaces are used to evoke either the cytostatic or cytotoxic response to glucocorticoids.

An Apple B-Box Protein MdBBX37 Modulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Hypocotyl Elongation Synergistically with MdMYBs and MdHY5

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping An ◽  
Xiao-Fei Wang ◽  
Richard V Espley ◽  
Kui Lin-Wang ◽  
Si-Qi Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Light Signaling ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Negative Role

Abstract As an important environment factor, light affects plant growth and development throughout life. B-BOX (BBX) proteins play key roles in the regulation of light signaling. Although the multiple roles of BBX proteins have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the research in apple is much less extensive. In this study, we systematically characterized the negative role of an apple BBX protein MdBBX37 in light signaling, including inhibiting anthocyanin biosynthesis and promoting hypocotyl elongation. We found that MdBBX37 interacted with MdMYB1 and MdMYB9, two key positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and inhibited the binding of those two proteins to their target genes and, therefore, negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, MdBBX37 directly bound to the promoter of MdHY5, a positive regulator of light signaling, and suppressed its expression, and thus relieved MdHY5-mediated hypocotyl inhibition. Taken together, our investigations suggest that MdBBX37 is a negative regulator of light signaling in apple. Our study will provide reference for further study on the functions of BBX proteins in apple.

174 MicroRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE IN BOVINE CUMULUS-OOCYTE COMPLEXES DURING LATE OOGENESIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
J. R. Miles ◽  
T. G. McDaneld ◽  
R. T. Wiedmann ◽  
R. A. Cushman ◽  
S. E. Echternkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Stability ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

During late oogenesis, the mammalian oocyte synthesizes and stores mRNA necessary to guide the early stages of embryo development before the activation of embryonic transcription. The oocyte also contains many post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that coordinate mRNA stability and translation before specific activation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs (17–25 nucleotides) that repress translation of target genes through sequence complementation and have recently been identified in murine oocytes. The objective of the current study was to identify and characterize the expression of miRNAs in bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) during late oogenesis as a potential mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA in developing bovine oocytes. Ovaries from beef cattle (mixed populations) were obtained at a local abattoir. The COC were aspirated from 2- to 10-mm follicles and were pooled from each of 5 replicate collections for RNA extraction (n = 2241 total COC). Small RNA in the 16- to 27-bp range was isolated and used to construct cDNA libraries for sequencing, producing 2529 successful sequences that were clustered based on matching 14 consecutive bases to the most common member of the cluster. The consensus sequences of the clusters were screened for mitochondrial RNA, rRNA, tRNA, and snoRNA contaminants, leading to removal of 774 (31%) sequences from consideration. The remaining 1755 putative miRNA sequences were compared with known miRNA in miRBase, revealing 62 bovine COC miRNA clusters matching previously known sequences and 4 with no match. The cluster with the largest number of sequences identified in bovine COC matched the sequence of the let-7 miRNA family (657 sequences or 37% of putative miRNA). Within the let-7 family, let-7b (459 sequences or 26%) was the most abundant followed by let-7i (135 sequences or 8%). The four clusters that did not match sequences in miRBase represent putative novel miRNA. One of these four clusters had relatively high expression in bovine COCs (308 sequences or 18%), whereas the other 3 clusters had relatively low expression (total of 55 combined sequences or 3%). Expression of several putative miRNAs (let-7b, let-7i, miR-106a, and the abundant novel miRNA) in bovine COC were confirmed using TaqMan miRNA assays. These results demonstrate the presence of miRNA within bovine COC during late oogenesis, which suggests that these post-transcriptional regulatory elements may play a role in coordinating mRNA stability and translation in bovine oocytes.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Abscisic Acid in Neopyropia yezoensis and Its Regulation of Antioxidase Genes Expressions Under Hypersaline Stress

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Yang ◽  
Wenhui Gu ◽  
Zezhong Feng ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Jianfeng Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Hypersaline Stress

Abscisic acid (ABA) is regarded as crucial for plant adaptation to water-limited conditions and it functions evolutionarily conserved. Thus, insights into the synthesis of ABA and its regulation on downstream stress-responsive genes in Neopyropia yezoensis, a typical Archaeplastida distributed in intertidal zone, will improve the knowledge about how ABA signaling evolved in plants. Here, the variations in ABA contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and expression of the target genes were determined under the presence of exogenous ABA and two specific inhibitors of the ABA precursor synthesis. ABA content was down-regulated under the treatments of each or the combination of the two inhibitors. Antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, CAT and APX were decreased slightly with inhibitors, but up-regulated when the addition of exogenous ABA. The quantitative assays using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results were consistent with the enzyme activities. All the results suggested that ABA can also alleviate oxidative stress in N. yezoensis as it in terrestrial plant. Combined with the transcriptome assay, it was hypothesized that ABA is synthesized in N. yezoensis via a pathway that is similar to the carotenoid pathway in higher plants, and both the MVA and that the MEP pathways for isoprenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) synthesis likely exist simultaneously. The ABA signaling pathway in N. yezoensis was also analyzed from an evolutionary standpoint and it was illustrated that the emergence of the ABA signaling pathway in this alga is an ancestral one. In addition, the presence of the ABRE motif in the promoter region of antioxidase genes suggested that the antioxidase system is regulated by the ABA signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis CK2 family gene CKB3 involved in abscisic acid signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yuan ◽  
J. Han ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
W. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
Dna Mutant

Abstract CKB3 is a regulatory (beta) subunit of CK2. In this study Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous T-DNA mutant ckb3 was studied to understand the role of CKB3 in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. The results shown: CKB3 was expressed in all organs and the highest expression in the seeds, followed by the root. During seed germination and root growth the ckb3 mutant showed reduced sensitivity to ABA. The ckb3 mutant had more stomatal opening and increased proline accumulation and leaf water loss. The expression levels of number of genes in the ABA regulatory network had changed. This study demonstrates that CKB3 is an ABA signaling-related gene and may play a positive role in ABA signaling.

scholarly journals The nuclear receptor HNF4 drives a brush border gene program conserved across murine intestine, kidney, and embryonic yolk sac

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Shirley Luo ◽  
Abigail Dupre ◽  
Roshan P. Vasoya ◽  
Aditya Parthasarathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks ◽  
Chromatin Looping ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

AbstractThe brush border is comprised of microvilli surface protrusions on the apical surface of epithelia. This specialized structure greatly increases absorptive surface area and plays crucial roles in human health. However, transcriptional regulatory networks controlling brush border genes are not fully understood. Here, we identify that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) transcription factor is a conserved and important regulator of brush border gene program in multiple organs, such as intestine, kidney and yolk sac. Compromised brush border gene signatures and impaired transport were observed in these tissues upon HNF4 loss. By ChIP-seq, we find HNF4 binds and activates brush border genes in the intestine and kidney. H3K4me3 HiChIP-seq identifies that HNF4 loss results in impaired chromatin looping between enhancers and promoters at gene loci of brush border genes, and instead enhanced chromatin looping at gene loci of stress fiber genes in the intestine. This study provides comprehensive transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and a functional demonstration of a critical role for HNF4 in brush border gene regulation across multiple murine epithelial tissues.

scholarly journals Under salt stress guard cells rewire ion transport and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail M. Karimi ◽  
Matthias Freund ◽  
Brittney M. Wager ◽  
Michael Knoblauch ◽  
Jörg Fromm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Aba Signaling

scholarly journals Genetics and Epigenetics of Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Lozano-Velasco ◽  
Diego Franco ◽  
Amelia Aranega ◽  
Houria Daimi
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be the most common supraventricular arrhythmia affecting up to 1% of the general population. Its prevalence exponentially increases with age and could reach up to 8% in the elderly population. The management of AF is a complex issue that is addressed by extensive ongoing basic and clinical research. AF centers around different types of disturbances, including ion channel dysfunction, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, and structural remodeling. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered over 100 genetic loci associated with AF. Most of these loci point to ion channels, distinct cardiac-enriched transcription factors, as well as to other regulatory genes. Recently, the discovery of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, involving non-coding RNAs (especially microRNAs), DNA methylation, and histone modification, has allowed to decipher how a normal heart develops and which modifications are involved in reshaping the processes leading to arrhythmias. This review aims to provide a current state of the field regarding the identification and functional characterization of AF-related epigenetic regulatory networks

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