scholarly journals R2R3-MYB genes coordinate conical cell development and cuticular wax biosynthesis in Phalaenopsis aphrodite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Chia Lu ◽  
Sio-Hong Lam ◽  
Diyang Zhang ◽  
Yu-Yun Hsiao ◽  
Bai-Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Phalaenopsis Aphrodite ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Petals of the monocot Phalaenopsis aphrodite (Orchidaceae) possess conical epidermal cells on their adaxial surfaces, and a large amount of cuticular wax is deposited on them to serve as a primary barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. It has been widely reported that subgroup 9A members of the R2R3-MYB gene family, MIXTA and MIXTA-like in eudicots, act to regulate the differentiation of conical epidermal cells. However, the molecular pathways underlying conical epidermal cell development and cuticular wax biosynthesis in monocot petals remain unclear. Here, we characterized two subgroup 9A R2R3-MYB genes, PaMYB9A1 and PaMYB9A2 (PaMYB9A1/2), from P. aphrodite through the transient overexpression of their coding sequences and corresponding chimeric repressors in developing petals. We showed that PaMYB9A1/2 function to coordinate conical epidermal cell development and cuticular wax biosynthesis. In addition, we identified putative targets of PaMYB9A1/2 through comparative transcriptome analyses, revealing that PaMYB9A1/2 act to regulate the expression of cell wall-associated and wax biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, a chemical composition analysis of cuticular wax showed that even-chain n-alkanes and odd-chain primary alcohols are the main chemical constituents of cuticular wax deposited on petals, which is inconsistent with the well-known biosynthetic pathways of cuticular wax, implying a distinct biosynthetic pathway occurring in P. aphrodite flowers. These results reveal that the function of subgroup 9A R2R3-MYB family genes in regulating the differentiation of epidermal cells is largely conserved in monocots and dicots. Furthermore, both PaMYB9A1/2 have evolved additional functions controlling the biosynthesis of cuticular wax.

Two R2R3 ‐ MYB Genes Cooperatively Control Trichome Development and Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Prunus persica

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiurui Yang ◽  
Xianpeng Yang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Beibei Zheng ◽  
Yaming Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Trichome Development ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Genome-wide identification, functional prediction, and evolutionary analysis of the R2R3-MYB superfamily in Brassica napus

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 797-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hajiebrahimi ◽  
Hajar Owji ◽  
Shiva Hemmati
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to play important roles in plants, including in development and in various stress conditions. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of 249 R2R3-MYB TFs in Brassica napus, called BnaR2R3-MYB TFs, clustered into 38 clades. BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were distributed on 19 chromosomes of B. napus. Sixteen gene clusters were identified. BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were characterized by motif prediction, gene structure analysis, and gene ontology. Evolutionary analysis revealed that BnaR2R3-MYB TFs are mainly formed as a result of whole-genome duplication. Orthologs and paralogs of BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were identified in B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea, and Arabidopsis thaliana using synteny-based methods. Purifying selection was pervasive within R2R3-MYB TFs. Kn/Ks values lower than 0.3 indicated that BnaR2R3-MYB TFs are being functionally converged. The role of gene conversion in the formation of BnaR2R3-MYB TFs was significant. Cis-regulatory elements in the upstream regions of BnaR2R3-MYB genes, miRNA targeting BnaR2R3MYB TFs, and post translational modifications were identified. Digital expression data revealed that BnaR2R3-MYB genes were highly expressed in the roots and under high salinity treatment after 24 h. BnaMYB21, BnaMYB141, and BnaMYB148 have been suggested for improving salt-tolerant B. napus. BnaR2R3-MYB genes were mostly up regulated on the 14th day post inoculation with Leptosphaeria biglobosa and L. maculan. BnaMYB150 is a candidate for increased tolerance to Leptospheria in B. napus.

scholarly journals Advances in the Regulation of Epidermal Cell Development by C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Han ◽  
Yuxia Li ◽  
Ziqi Qiao ◽  
Chengfeng Wang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Zinc Finger Proteins ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
C2h2 Zinc Finger

Plant epidermal cells, such as trichomes, root hairs, salt glands, and stomata, play pivotal roles in the growth, development, and environmental adaptation of terrestrial plants. Cell fate determination, differentiation, and the formation of epidermal structures represent basic developmental processes in multicellular organisms. Increasing evidence indicates that C2H2 zinc finger proteins play important roles in regulating the development of epidermal structures in plants and plant adaptation to unfavorable environments. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanism underlying the roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in controlling epidermal cell formation in plants, with an emphasis on trichomes, root hairs, and salt glands and their roles in plant adaptation to environmental stress. In addition, we discuss the possible roles of homologous C2H2 zinc finger proteins in trichome development in non-halophytes and salt gland development in halophytes based on bioinformatic analysis. This review provides a foundation for further study of epidermal cell development and abiotic stress responses in plants.

scholarly journals Multiple mechanisms of dissociated epidermal cell spreading.

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
K S Stenn ◽  
J A Madri ◽  
T Tinghitella ◽  
V P Terranova
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Basement Membrane Protein ◽  
Specific Proteins

To test the possibility that epidermal cells use a common basement membrane protein whenever they spread, in vitro experiments were conducted using trypsin-dissociated guinea pig epidermal cells and the following proteins: human serum, bovine serum albumin, serum fibronectin, Type IV collagen, laminin, and epibolin (a recently described serum glycoprotein which supports epidermal cell spreading; Stenn, K.S., 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:6907.). When the cells were added to media containing the specific proteins, all the tested proteins, except for serum albumin, supported cell spreading. Added to protein-coated substrates in defined media, the cells spread on fibronectin, epibolin, and laminin-Type IV collagen, but not on albumin or whole serum. In none of these experiments were the results qualitatively affected by the presence of cycloheximide. Antibodies to a specific protein blocked cell spreading on that protein but not on the other active proteins, e.g. whereas antibodies to epibolin blocked cell spreading on epibolin, they did not affect spreading on fibronectin, collagen, or laminin. In a second assay in which the cells were allowed to adhere to tissue culture plastic before the protein-containing medium was added, the cells spread only if the medium contained epibolin. Moreover, under these conditions the spreading activity of whole serum and plasma was neutralized by antiepibolin antibodies. These results support the conclusion that dissociated epidermal cells possess multiple spreading modes which depend, in part, on the proteins of the substrate, proteins of the medium, and the sequence of cell adhesion and protein exposure.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the MYB Transcription Factor Superfamily in Physcomitrella patens

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Pu ◽  
Lixin Yang ◽  
Lina Liu ◽  
Xiumei Dong ◽  
Silin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
Myb Proteins ◽  
R2r3 Myb

MYB transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest TF families in plants to regulate numerous biological processes. However, our knowledge of the MYB family in Physcomitrella patens is limited. We identified 116 MYB genes in the P. patens genome, which were classified into the R2R3-MYB, R1R2R3-MYB, 4R-MYB, and MYB-related subfamilies. Most R2R3 genes contain 3 exons and 2 introns, whereas R1R2R3 MYB genes contain 10 exons and 9 introns. N3R-MYB (novel 3RMYB) and NR-MYBs (novel RMYBs) with complicated gene structures appear to be novel MYB proteins. In addition, we found that the diversity of the MYB domain was mainly contributed by domain shuffling and gene duplication. RNA-seq analysis suggested that MYBs exhibited differential expression to heat and might play important roles in heat stress responses, whereas CCA1-like MYB genes might confer greater flexibility to the circadian clock. Some R2R3-MYB and CCA1-like MYB genes are preferentially expressed in the archegonium and during the transition from the chloronema to caulonema stage, suggesting their roles in development. Compared with that of algae, the numbers of MYBs have significantly increased, thus our study lays the foundation for further exploring the potential roles of MYBs in the transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments.

scholarly journals Cuticular reticulation replicates the pattern of epidermal cells in lowermost Cambrian scalidophoran worms

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1926) ◽  
pp. 20200470
Author(s):  
Deng Wang ◽  
Jean Vannier ◽  
Xiao-guang Yang ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Yi-fei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Extracellular Material ◽  
Cuticle Formation ◽  
Stem Group ◽  
The Relationship

The cuticle of ecdysozoans (Panarthropoda, Scalidophora, Nematoida) is secreted by underlying epidermal cells and renewed via ecdysis. We explore here the relationship between epidermis and external cuticular ornament in stem-group scalidophorans from the early Cambrian of China (Kuanchuanpu Formation; ca 535 Ma) that had two types of microscopic polygonal cuticular networks with either straight or microfolded boundaries. Detailed comparisons with modern scalidophorans (priapulids) indicate that these networks faithfully replicate the cell boundaries of the epidermis. This suggests that the cuticle of early scalidophorans formed through the fusion between patches of extracellular material secreted by epidermal cells, as observed in various groups of present-day ecdysozoans, including arthropods. Key genetic, biochemical and mechanical processes associated with ecdysis and cuticle formation seem to have appeared very early (at least not later than 535 Ma) in the evolution of ecdysozoans. Microfolded reticulation is likely to be a mechanical response to absorbing contraction exerted by underlying muscles. The polygonal reticulation in early and extant ecdysozoans is clearly a by-product of the epidermal cell pavement and interacted with the sedimentary environment.

Cuticular wax deposition in growing barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves commences in relation to the point of emergence of epidermal cells from the sheaths of older leaves

Planta ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Richardson ◽  
Rochus Franke ◽  
Gerhard Kerstiens ◽  
Mike Jarvis ◽  
Lukas Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Wax Deposition

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterisation of R2R3-MYB genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Stracke ◽  
Daniela Holtgräwe ◽  
Jessica Schneider ◽  
Boas Pucker ◽  
Thomas Rosleff Sörensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb

The Metamorphosis of Insects: Tercentenary Lecture delivered by Professor V. B. Wigglesworth, F. R. S., at 10.15 a.m. on Saturday 23 July 1960 at the Royal College of Surgeons

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Growth Changes

THE visible form of the insect is defined by the outer skin or cuticle. The cuticle is the product of the single layer of epidermal cells which lie beneath it. The form of the insect is thus determined by the growth changes and the secretory activity of the epidermal cell. The purpose of the lecture was to approach the subject of metamorphosis through a consideration of the physiology of the epidermal cell. The epidermal cell is interesting because it combines within itself so many functions, actual and potential; social functions as a member of the community of cells of which it forms a part, and individual functions where it is concerned primarily with its own affairs.

The root–fungus interface as an indicator of symbiont interaction in ectomycorrhizae

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 846-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
C. A. Ackerley ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Wall Ingrowth ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Cell Wall Ingrowths

Seedlings of Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh, Alnusrubra Bong., Eucalyptuspilularis Sm., and Betulaalleghaniensis Britt. were grown in plastic pouches and subsequently inoculated with Alpovadiplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith (two different strains), Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, and Laccariabicolor (R. Mre) Orton, respectively, to form ectomycorrhizae insitu. Alnus seedlings were inoculated with Frankia prior to inoculation with the mycosymbiont. The interface established between A. crispa and A. diplophloeus was complex, involving wall ingrowth formation in root epidermal cells and infoldings in Hartig net hyphae. Alnusrubra – A. diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae had an interface lacking epidermal cell wall ingrowths but with infoldings in Hartig net hyphae. The interface between E. pilularis –. tinctorius consisted of branching Hartig net hyphae between radially enlarged epidermal cells lacking wall ingrowths. Ectomycorrhizae between B. alleghaniensis and L. bicolor developed unique interfaces with radially enlarged epidermal cells near the apical meristem, which synthesized dense vacuolar deposits. Very fine branchings occurred in Hartig net hyphae.

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