Psychological defense strategies according to the defense mechanism test among Patients with severe conversion disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sundbom
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Defense Strategies

A Study of Memory and Psychological Defense Mechanism in Julian Barnes’s The Sense of an Ending

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Aliakbari Harehdasht ◽  
Zahra Ekbatäni
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Julian Barnes ◽  
Self Image

In The Sense of an Ending, Julian Barnes portrays the mysterious workings of the human mind as it distorts facts towards the end of a self-image that one can live with. The protagonist in the novel deploys certain psychological defense mechanisms in order to protect himself from feelings of anxiety, only to experience even more profound anxiety due to his excessive use of them. The significance of the present paper lies in its novel view of the book. So far, the critique on the novel has mainly been focused on the workings of time on memory; however, the present paper investigates how psychological defense mechanisms blur the protagonist’s perception of reality and distort his memories. This paper also attempts to attract scholarly interest in the study of psychological defense mechanisms in the study of The Sense of an Ending which has so far been to the best of our knowledge overlooked

scholarly journals Does the chemistry of fungal pigments demand the existence of photoactivated defense strategies in basidiomycetes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianka Siewert
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Fungal Pigments

AbstractThe well-known photosensitizers hypericin, harmane, and emodin are typical pigments of certain mushroom species—is this a coincidence or an indication towards a photoactivated defense mechanism in the phylum Basidiomycota? This perspective article explores this hypothesis by cross-linking the chemistry of fungal pigments with structural requirements from known photosensitizers and insights from photoactivated strategies in the kingdom Plantae. Thereby, light is shed on a yet unexplored playground dealing with ecological questions, photopharmaceutical opportunities, and biotechnological potentials.

scholarly journals Features of psychological protection of students of IHE who are engaged in swimming

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
N. Dakal ◽  
O. Cherevichko ◽  
K. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of psychological protection is to maintain the integrity of the "self-concept" of the individual by protecting his consciousness from negative traumatic experiences, fear of failure, anxiety or uncertainty in their actions. The authors who studied this phenomenon in sports note that the psychological protection of the athlete - is a system of mechanisms and methods of mental self-regulation of consciousness and behavior of the individual in extreme mental conditions. Psychological defense mechanisms are manifested in students as a regulatory system that is activated in a situation of internal or external conflict. Based on it, students often show such a defense mechanism as substitution, regression, and compensation. Considering the manifestation of protective mechanisms in boys and girls, we obtained the following indicators: reactive formations (73% in girls and 51% in boys) and projection (73% in girls and 54% in boys) (p <0.05); in boys prevails: suppression (65% in boys and 45% in girls) and intellectualization (69% in boys and 56.1% in girls) (p <0.05). We found differences in the choice of the dominant mechanism of psychological protection by swimming students. The leading mechanism in the studied contingent is substitution, and the least preferred is suppression. The study identified the manifestation of the main mechanisms of psychological protection in students who swim and analyzed certain types of protection with a description of the specific features of the system of protective mechanisms and the level of their impact depending on gender differences.

scholarly journals Are terrestrial isopods able to use stridulation and vibrational communication as forms of intra and interspecific signaling and defense strategies as insects do? A preliminary study in Armadillo officinalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Cividini ◽  
Spyros Sfenthourakis ◽  
Giuseppe Montesanto
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Terrestrial Isopods ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Secondary Form ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe capability of producing sounds and vibrations is well known in insects and is thought to be a form of intra- and interspecific communication. Sounds and vibrations are used and modulated for several aims such as interacting with conspecifics, getting information from the environment, and defending against predators. This phenomenon is less known but also present in other arthropods, including a few roller-type terrestrial isopods. In this study, we used a Y-shape test apparatus to investigate the behavior of adult individuals of Armadillo officinalis Duméril, 1816 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) when exposed to two particular vibrational stimuli, namely species-specific stridulations and non-specific substrate-borne vibrations. Our results showed that adults of A. officinalis significantly react to the presence of both types of vibrational stimuli, by moving away from the vibrational source as if they experienced these vibrations as a sign of danger or disturbance. A. officinalis can produce stridulations only when it rolls into a ball during the so-called conglobation, a possible defense mechanism against predators. Stridulation might thus be a secondary form of defense used during conglobation to deter a predator following contact with it and might be experienced as an alert by conspecifics nearby. The high sensitivity to non-specific substrate-borne vibrations might provide A. officinalis with the possibility to anticipate dangers and adverse conditions, giving it a better chance of survival.

scholarly journals Sabar dalam Perspektif Islam dan Barat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
M Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Universal Covering ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Western Perspective ◽  
Two Sides

advances in science and technology are like two sides of the coin, it could be a disaster, while humans are not ready and hasn't been able to go with the flow of such changes. Inability to adjust to these changes can give rise to tension or stress on him. The teachings of Islam with universal, covering all the dimensions of human life, including problems of human material or mental (psychic). Patient in facing changes the massif became a strategic point to develop human capacity to explore change the world. Education patience recorded in Q. S al-Baqarah verse 45, 153, 294 and ali-Imran, verse 125, 186, 200. On the other hand the patience had the function as a solution of the problem, people who implement the problematic nature of the patient will feel easy through obedience to God and his Messenger. Wait as the system of psychological defense mechanism to cope with the dynamic test faced by man as God's Caliphs on Earth. Patient in the Western perspective is known for its patient and patience, and have some other equivalent variants, among them; 1) self-control; 2) Resiliensi; Perseverence. 3); 4) Acceptence

scholarly journals Variables associated with the modalities of psychic adaptation (coping mechanisms and psychic defense mechanisms) in depressive disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Dănuț Ioan Crașovan ◽  
Laura Patricia Farcaș
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
And Coping

The study lists a series of research on the particularities of psychic adaptation in depressive disorders, respectively psychological defense mechanism and coping mechanisms. At the same time, the study analyzes the existing relationships, in depressive disorders case, between coping and variables such as tools and the methodology for assessing the coping process, the relevance and usefulness of the coping process in the clinic and the treatment of psychopathology as information processing, the personality and typology of the human subject, the type of disorder diagnosed, age of the human subject, locus of control, parental style, life events, personal experience, adherence to medication, gender, economic situation, profession, culture/environment, presence or absence of depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Somatoform and conversion disorders as psychological defences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Elena Andreea Mut ◽  
Cristina Pălădoiu ◽  
Monica Stănescu
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Psychological Conflict ◽  
Organic Condition ◽  
Substance Consumption ◽  
Intrapsychic Conflicts

Conversion disorder is the clinical situation in which one or more symptoms can present deficits that affect motor or sensory function and suggest a neurological or organic condition. Psychological factors are decisive, and they usually include a major anxiety generated by intrapsychic conflicts, which are converted by unconscious defense mechanism into symptoms. The symptoms are not intentionally provoked or simulated nor are explained by organic suffering or substance consumption. They affect the quality of life of the person who presents significant deficits such as motor, sensory, convulsive or mixed. It may also occur a lack of coordination, ataxia, paralysis, tremor, aphonia, difficulties at swallowing, loss of sensitivity, anesthesia that does not follow anatomical nervous trajectories, blindness or mental deafness. Consciousness is not altered, but a condition of "la belle indifference" appears which is rather associated with histrionic personality disorders and what the patients imagine about their own illness or suffering. This condition is unstable and changing. The primary gain is the expression of an unconscious psychological conflict through a somatic symptom by reducing anxiety and keeping conflict out of consciousness. The secondary gain is external and includes attention and care from caregivers or others.

Possible Influence of Defenses and Negative Life Events on Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Pilot Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Sundbom ◽  
Mikael Henningsson ◽  
Ulla Holm ◽  
Stina Söderbergh ◽  
Blrgitta Evengård
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Reality Orientation

13 patients with a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and two contrast groups of conversion disorder patients ( n = 19) and healthy controls ( n = 13) were assessed using the projective perceptual Defense Mechanism Test to investigate if specific defense patterns are associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Another objective was to assess the possible influence of perceived negative life events prior the onset of the illness The overall results showed significant differences in defensive strategies among groups represented by two significant dimensions in a Partial Least Squares analysis. Compared to the contrast groups the patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were distinguished by a defense pattern of different distortions of aggressive affect, induced by an interpersonal anxiety-provoking stimulus picture with short exposures. Their responses suggested the conversion group was characterized by a non-emotionally adapted pattern and specific constellations of defenses, associated with interior reality orientation compared to the patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and the healthy controls. Rated retrospectively, the group with chronic fatigue syndrome reported significantly more negative life events prior to the onset of their illness than healthy controls. For instance, 5 of the 13 patients reported sexual assault or physical battery as children or teenagers compared to none of the healthy controls. A significant association was found between defense pattern and frequency of reported negative life events. However, these retrospective reports might be confounded to some extent by the experience of the patients' illness; for example, the reports may be interpreted in terms of present negative affect.

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