Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of different dilutions of Mesobotox in Mid and / or lower face rejuvenation: Interventional study

Abstract As life expectancy has prolonged nowadays, interest has increased to change patterns of life, which include improving the consequences of skin ageing through slowing the ageing process. There are two main processes of skin ageing either intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic ageing reflects genetic background in which skin appears thin with exaggerated expression lines. However, extrinsic ageing is caused by external factors such as smoking, excessive use of alcohol, poor nutrition and sun exposure. Extrinsically aged skin appears predominantly not only by wrinkles, but also by pigmented lesions such as freckles, lentigines and patchy hyperpigmentation, and depigmented lesions such as guttate hypomelanosis. Epidermal and dermal atrophy, rough skin texture, flushing, erythema, telangiectasias, dilated pores and loss of tone and elasticity are also other signs of skin aging. Over the past few years, the use of Mesobotox has broadened and it is now commonly used as rejuvenation procedure with different dilutions. Our work aimed to compare between three commonly used dilutions of Mesobotox regarding its efficacy and safety, as this comparison was not done previously. Aim of the study The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare between different dilutions of Mesobotox in mid and / or lower facial rejuvenation. Patients and methods We included 30 patients complaining of facial wrinkles. Patients were divided into three equal groups to study three different dilutions of Mesobotox 1:5, 1:7 and 1:10. Assessment of treatment response was done using 3D Antera camera. Results Assessment of treatment response using Antera camera in 1:5 dilution revealed statistically significant improvement in all the parameters (periorbital and midface) with more evident improvement after 1 month of treatment compared to after 6 months of treatment. With 1:7 dilution and 1:10 dilution, response revealed statistically significant improvement in most of the parameters (periorbital and midface) with more evident improvement after 1 month of treatment compared to after 6 months of treatment.

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Characteristics of the ageing skin, xerosis cutis and its complications

Developments in Health Sciences ◽

10.1556/2066.2021.00051 ◽

2022 ◽

Keyword(s):

Sun Exposure ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Geriatric Dermatology ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

Aged Skin ◽

Ageing Skin ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

Poor Nutrition

Abstract People in the developed countries are living longer. Geriatric dermatology is playing an increasingly important role as chances of developing skin-related problems increase with their ageing. Skin ageing is induced by two main processes: intrinsic and extrinsic. Extrinsic ageing is caused by environmental factors such as sun exposure, smoking, alcohol consumption, air pollution, and poor nutrition. Intrinsic ageing reflects the genetic background and depends on time. The aged skin is characterised by the appearance of dryness, atrophy, wrinkles, pigmented lesions, patchy hypopigmentation, and elastosis. This article provides an overview of skin ageing processes and common conditions found in the elderly persons such as xerosis, pruritus, and eczema.

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Skin Aging Estimation Scheme Based on Lifestyle and Dermoscopy Image Analysis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9061228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1228 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jehyeok Rew ◽

Young-Hwan Choi ◽

Hyungjoon Kim ◽

Eenjun Hwang

Keyword(s):

Polynomial Regression ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Skin Condition ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Support Vector ◽

Scale Invariant ◽

Skin Texture ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Skin Conditions

Besides genetic characteristics, people also undergo a process of skin aging under the influence of diverse factors such as sun exposure, food intake, sleeping patterns, and drinking habits, which are closely related to their personal lifestyle. So far, many studies have been conducted to analyze skin conditions quantitatively. However, to describe the current skin condition or predict future skin aging effectively, we need to understand the correlation between skin aging and lifestyle. In this study, we first demonstrate how to trace people’s skin condition accurately using scale-invariant feature transform and the color histogram intersection method. Then, we show how to estimate skin texture aging depending on the lifestyle by considering various features from face, neck, and hand dermoscopy images. Lastly, we describe how to predict future skin conditions in terms of skin texture features. Based on the Pearson correlation, we describe the correlation between skin aging and lifestyle, and estimate skin aging according to lifestyle using the polynomial regression and support vector regression models. We evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme through various experiments.

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Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Aging Skin and Skin Cancer

Dermatology Practical & Conceptual ◽

10.5826/dpc.1103a68 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2021068

Author(s):

Stefania Guida ◽

Giovanni Pellacani ◽

Silvana Ciardo ◽

Caterina Longo

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Reflectance Confocal Microscopy ◽

Noninvasive Evaluation ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Skin Changes ◽

Complex Process ◽

Aged Skin

Skin aging is a complex process that causes morphologic variations. Some of these variations havebeen hypothesized to be involved in skin cancer development. This paper reviews current knowledgeof the features of aged skin as seen with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Basic principles ofthe technique are described, and the RCM features of healthy skin and skin cancer are briefly discussed.Moreover, the RCM features at different layers of young and elderly skin are described, as arethe variations that occur with passing years and in relation to sun exposure that contribute to photoagingand the development of skin cancer. RCM enables the noninvasive evaluation, at quasi-histologicresolution, of aging-related skin changes, some of which are shared with skin cancer; this ability helpsavoid skin biopsy. Further research is needed to understand the relation between skin aging and skincancer development.

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Endovenous procedures in varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1622235 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (05) ◽

pp. 229-236

Author(s):

N. Cayne ◽

G. Jacobowitz ◽

P. Lamparello ◽

T. Maldonado ◽

C. Rockman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Varicose Veins ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Comparable Efficacy ◽

Intense Pulse Light ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Endovenous Laser Ablation ◽

The Past ◽

Early Evidence ◽

Endovenous Treatment

SummaryOver the past ten years endoveous treatment options for varicose veins have evovled considerably, offering clinicians a multitude of options to meet the needs of their patients. The endothermal ablation procedures have moved to the forefront as the choice modality for treating truncal reflux. Both radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation are widely accepted and interchangeable, showing comparable efficacy and safety. Although numerous endovenous laser wavelengths exist, the data indicates that the differences do not affect the efficacy or postoperative recovery of the procedure. The endovenous laser innovation that has shown early evidence of improved patient outcome is the jacket-tip fiber. The versatility of sclerotherapy makes it a critical component in the endovenous treatment of varicosities. Although not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (USA), the use of a foamed sclerosing agent is the fastest growing segment of sclerotherapy and an important treatment modality in the future of varicose vein treatment. Cutaneous lasers and intense pulse light devices contribute a crucial element, enabling clinicians to treat minute veins that may be impossible to treat with other therapies.

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Neuropeptides and skin aging

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2013-0062 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rana Elewa ◽

Evgenia Makrantonaki ◽

Christos C. Zouboulis

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Target Cells ◽

Hormone Metabolism ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Calcitonin Gene ◽

Aged Skin ◽

Human Skin Cells

AbstractNeuropeptides (NP) are peptides that are released as chemical messengers from nerve cells. They act either in an endocrine manner, where they reach their target cells via the bloodstream or a paracrine manner, as co-transmitters modulating the function of neurotransmitters. To date approximately 100 different NP have been described in the literature. In recent years, several studies have documented that human skin expresses several functional receptors for NP, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, melanocortins, β-endorphin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y and calcitonin gene-related peptide. These receptors modulate the production of inflammatory cytokines, proliferation, differentiation, lipogenesis and hormone metabolism in human skin cells. In addition, several NP are directly produced by human skin cells, indicating the complexity of understanding the real functions of NPs in human skin. In this review we address the possible effects of neuropeptides on the pathogenesis of aged skin.

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Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22083974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 3974

Author(s):

Tuba M. Ansary ◽

Md. Razib Hossain ◽

Koji Kamiya ◽

Mayumi Komine ◽

Mamitaro Ohtsuki

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Delayed Wound Healing ◽

Different Types ◽

Aged Skin ◽

Inflammatory Molecules ◽

Complex Organ

Skin is the largest and most complex organ in the human body comprised of multiple layers with different types of cells. Different kinds of environmental stressors, for example, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), temperature, air pollutants, smoking, and diet, accelerate skin aging by stimulating inflammatory molecules. Skin aging caused by UVR is characterized by loss of elasticity, fine lines, wrinkles, reduced epidermal and dermal components, increased epidermal permeability, delayed wound healing, and approximately 90% of skin aging. These external factors can cause aging through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation, as well as aged skin is a source of circulatory inflammatory molecules which accelerate skin aging and cause aging-related diseases. This review article focuses on the inflammatory pathways associated with UVR-mediated skin aging.

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UVA Exposure Combined with Glycation of the Dermis Are Two Catalysts for Skin Aging and Promotes a Favorable Environment to the Appearance of Elastosis

Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.1155/2021/6647773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Hervé Pageon ◽

Hélène Zucchi ◽

Sylvie Ricois ◽

Philippe Bastien ◽

Daniel Asselineau

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Biological Effect ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Chronological Aging ◽

Advanced Glycosylation End Products ◽

Uva Irradiation ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Aged Skin

Skin aging is the result of superimposed intrinsic (individual) and extrinsic (e.g., UV exposure or nutrition) aging. Previous works have reported a relationship between UV irradiation and glycation in the aging process, leading, for example, to modified radical species production and the appearance of AGEs (advanced glycosylation end products) in increasing quantities, particularly glycoxidation products like pentosidine. In addition, the colocalization of AGEs and elastosis has also been observed. We first investigated the combination of the glycation reaction and UVA effects on a reconstructed skin model to explain their cumulative biological effect. We found that UVA exposure combined with glycation had the ability to intensify the response for specific markers: for example, MMP1 or MMP3 mRNA, proteases involved in extracellular matrix degradation, or proinflammatory cytokine, IL1α, protein expression. Moreover, the association of glycation and UVA irradiation is believed to promote an environment that favors the onset of an elastotic-like phenomenon: mRNA coding for elastin, elastase, and tropoelastin expression is increased. Secondly, because the damaging effects of UV radiation in vivo might be more detrimental in aged skin than in young skin due to increased accumulation of pentosidine and the exacerbation of alterations related to chronological aging, we studied the biological effect of soluble pentosidine in fibroblasts grown in monolayers. We found that pentosidine induced upregulation of CXCL2, IL8, and MMP12 mRNA expression (inflammatory and elastotic markers, respectively). Tropoelastin protein expression (elastin precursor) was also increased. In conclusion, fibroblasts in monolayers cultured with soluble pentosidine and tridimensional in vitro skin constructs exposed to the combination of AGEs and UVA promote an inflammatory state and an alteration of the dermal compartment in relation to an elastosis-like environment.

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Uncertainties in Vaccination

Uncertainty ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190871666.003.0007 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 93-106

Author(s):

Kostas Kampourakis ◽

Kevin McCain

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Side Effects ◽

The United States ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Real Possibility ◽

The Past

Whereas vaccines have helped save millions of lives over the past several decades, today there is a significant anti-vaccination (anti-vaxx) movement, especially in the United States, that questions their safety. The problem is that these anti-vaxx arguments focus on rare cases of side effects or—even worse—on unfounded connections between the administration of vaccines and particular conditions such as autism. Such reactions make people overlook the fact that several diseases that in the past killed millions of people have been completely or almost completely eradicated thanks to vaccines. Even though vaccine side effects are a real possibility, one has to weigh the risk of facing those (which is very low and arise in relatively rare cases) against the hundreds or thousands of children who, thanks to the vaccine, will avoid hospitalization or even death. Uncertainties always exist, and we cannot be absolutely certain about the efficacy and safety of any vaccine. But for many of them, there is solid evidence that the problems are rare, and certainly the affected individuals are a lot fewer than those who might suffer and even die from the disease.

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Efficacy and Safety of Drug-Eluting Beads Transarterial Chemoembolization by CalliSpheres® in 275 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: Results From the Chinese CalliSpheres® Transarterial Chemoembolization in Liver Cancer (CTILC) Study

Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics ◽

10.3727/096504019x15662966719585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 75-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Junhui Sun ◽

Guanhui Zhou ◽

Xiaoxi Xie ◽

Wenjiang Gu ◽

Jing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Portal Vein ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Transarterial Chemoembolization ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Portal Vein Invasion ◽

Drug Eluting Beads ◽

Drug Eluting ◽

The Mean

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) treatment in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and the prognostic factors for treatment response as well as survival. A total of 275 HCC patients were included in this prospective study. Treatment response was assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), and progression-free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival (OS) were determined. Liver function and adverse events (AEs) were assessed before and after DEB-TACE operation. Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and objective response rate (ORR) were 22.9%, 60.7%, and 83.6%, respectively. The mean PFS was 362 (95% CI: 34.9‐375) days, the 6-month PFS rate was 89.4 ± 2.1%, while the mean OS was 380 (95% CI: 370‐389) days, and the 6-month OS rate was 94.4 ± 1.7%. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that portal vein invasion (p = 0.011) was an independent predictor of worse clinical response. Portal vein invasion (p = 0.040), previous cTACE treatment (p = 0.030), as well as abnormal serum creatinine level (BCr) (p = 0.017) were independent factors that predicted worse ORR. In terms of survival, higher Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (p = 0.029) predicted for worse PFS, and abnormal albumin (ALB) (p = 0.011) and total serum bilirubin (TBIL) (p = 0.009) predicted for worse OS. The number of patients with abnormal albumin, total protein (TP), TBIL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were augmented at 1 week posttreatment and were similar at 1‐3 months compared with baseline. The most common AEs were pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting, and no severe AEs were observed in this study. DEB-TACE was effective and tolerable in treating Chinese HCC patients, and portal vein invasion, previous cTACE treatment, abnormal BCr, ALB, and TBIL appear to be important factors that predict worse clinical outcome.

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Efficacy and safety of leflunomide versus cyclophosphamide for initial-onset Takayasu arteritis: a prospective cohort study

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease ◽

10.1177/1759720x20930114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1759720X2093011

Author(s):

Sun Ying ◽

Cui Xiaomeng ◽

Dai Xiaomin ◽

Lin Jiang ◽

Lv Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Side Effects ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Takayasu Arteritis ◽

Propensity Scores ◽

Reproductive Toxicity ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Effectiveness Rate ◽

Initial Onset ◽

Active Disease

Background: Leflunomide (LEF) has been considered as an alternative treatment for Takayasu arteritis (TA); however, data on its efficacy are still scanty. Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of LEF versus cyclophosphamide (CYC) for initial-onset TA. Methods: Initial-onset TA patients with active disease were enrolled in this research. Patients enrolled from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2015 were treated with glucocorticoids and CYC, while patients enrolled from 1 January 2016 to 31 October 2018 received glucocorticoids and LEF. Treatment response including complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), and effectiveness rate (ER) and side effects were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. Results and conclusion: In total, 92 patients were enrolled. A total of 47 patients were treated with LEF, while 45 patients were treated with CYC. The CR and ER rates were 75.55%, and 88.89% at 6 months, and 85.37% and 95.12% at 12 months in the LEF group. The CR and ER rates were 39.02% and 70.73% at 6 months, and 56.41% and 82.05% at 12 months in the CYC group. The CR rate was significantly higher in the LEF group than in the CYC group both at 6 months (75.61% versus 38.24%, p < 0.01) and 12 months (77.42% versus 53.33%, p < 0.05) after adjustment for propensity scores. The incidence of side effects in the LEF group was much lower than that in the CYC group (21.28% versus 44.44%). In conclusion, LEF provided a better treatment response, along with lower reproductive toxicity, compared with CYC in initial-onset TA.

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