scholarly journals Ultrasound shows swollen joints are the better proxy for synovitis than tender joints in DMARD-naïve, early psoriatic arthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayam R Dubash ◽  
Oras A Alabas ◽  
Xabier Michelena ◽  
Leticia Garcia-Montoya ◽  
Gabriele De Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Joint Assessment ◽  
Subclinical Synovitis

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationship between clinical examination/ultrasound (US) synovitis in DMARD-naïve early PsA. Methods Eligible patients underwent matched clinical/US 44 joint assessment for tender and/or swollen joints (TJ/SJ) and US synovitis [grey scale (GS) ≥2 or power Doppler (PD) ≥1]. Statistical agreement between TJ/SJ, GS ≥ 2 or PD ≥ 1 was calculated by prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK). To derive probabilities of GS ≥ 2/PD ≥ 1, mixed-effects logistic regression modelled odds of US synovitis in TJ/SJ were conducted. Results In 155 patients, 5,616 joints underwent clinical/US examination. Of these joints, 1039/5616 (18.5%) were tender, 550/5616 (9.8%) were swollen, 1144/5616 (20.4%) had GS ≥ 2, and 292/5616 (5.2%) had PD ≥ 1. GS ≥ 2 was most prevalent in concomitantly tender and swollen joints [205/462 (44%)] followed by swollen non-tender joints [32/88 (36.4%)], tender non-swollen joints [148/577 (25.7%)], and non-tender non-swollen joints (subclinical synovitis) [759/4489 (16.9%)]. Agreement between SJ/PD ≥ 1 was high at the individual joint level (82.6%-96.3%, PABAK 0.65–0.93) and for total joints combined (89.9%, PABAK 0.80). SJ/GS ≥ 2 agreement was greater than between TJ/GS ≥ 2 [73.5%-92.6% vs 51.0%-87.4% (PABAK 0.47–0.85 vs PABAK 0.35–0.75) respectively]. Swelling was independently associated with higher odds of GS ≥ 2 [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI); 4.37 (2.62, 7.29); p < 0.001] but not tenderness [OR = 1.33 (0.87, 2.06); p = 0.192]. Swelling [OR = 8.78 (3.92, 19.66); p < 0.001] or tenderness [OR = 3.38 (1.53, 7.50); p = 0.003] were independently associated with higher odds of PD ≥ 1. Conclusion Synovitis (GS ≥ 2 and/or PD ≥ 1) was more likely in swollen joints than tender joints in DMARD-naïve, early PsA. Agreement indicated swollen joints were the better proxy for synovitis, adding to greater understanding between clinical/US assessments.

scholarly journals Impact of digitally acquired peer diagnostic input on diagnostic confidence in outpatient cases: A pragmatic randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine C Khoong ◽  
Valy Fontil ◽  
Natalie A Rivadeneira ◽  
Mekhala Hoskote ◽  
Shantanu Nundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Intervention Impact ◽  
High Uncertainty

Abstract Objective The study sought to evaluate if peer input on outpatient cases impacted diagnostic confidence. Materials and Methods This randomized trial of a peer input intervention occurred among 28 clinicians with case-level randomization. Encounters with diagnostic uncertainty were entered onto a digital platform to collect input from ≥5 clinicians. The primary outcome was diagnostic confidence. We used mixed-effects logistic regression analyses to assess for intervention impact on diagnostic confidence. Results Among the 509 cases (255 control; 254 intervention), the intervention did not impact confidence (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.999-2.12), but after adjusting for clinician and case traits, the intervention was associated with higher confidence (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.32). The intervention impact was greater in cases with high uncertainty (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.09- 9.52). Conclusions Peer input increased diagnostic confidence primarily in high-uncertainty cases, consistent with findings that clinicians desire input primarily in cases with continued uncertainty.

Is Medicaid expansion associated with increases in palliative treatments for metastatic cancer?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P Cole ◽  
Stuart R Lipsitz ◽  
Adam S Kibel ◽  
Brandon A Mahal ◽  
Nelya Melnitchouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lower Baseline

Background: Medicaid expansion following the 2010 Affordable Care Act has an unknown impact on palliative treatments. Materials & methods: This registry-based study of individuals with metastatic cancer from 2010 to 2016 identified men and women with metastatic cancer in expansion and non-expansion states who received palliative treatments. A mixed effects logistic regression compared trends in expansion and non-expansion states and generated risk-adjusted probabilities or receiving palliative treatments each year. Results: Despite lower baseline use of palliative treatments, the rate of change was more rapid in expansion states (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03; p < 0.001). The adjusted probability of receiving palliative treatments rose from 21.3 to 26.0% in non-expansion states, and from 19.7 to 26.9% in expansion states. Conclusion: Use of palliative treatments among metastatic cancer patients increased from 2010 to 2016 with a significantly greater increase in Medicaid expansion states, even when adjusting for demographic differences between states.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Unbound Bilirubin Levels and Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy in Exchange Transfusion Neonates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Ding ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Rui Guo ◽  
Aizhen Zhang ◽  
Yufang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bilirubin Encephalopathy ◽  
Unbound Bilirubin ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding the relationship between unbound bilirubin levels and acute bilirubin encephalopathy was limited. Therefore, this study set out to investigate whether the unbound bilirubin level was independently related to acute bilirubin encephalopathy in children who underwent exchange transfusion after adjusting for other covariates. METHODS: A total of 46 neonates who underwent exchange transfusion were involved in The First People's Hospital Of Changde City in China from 2016-1-1 to 2018-12-31. The target independent variable and the dependent variable were unbound bilirubin levels measured at baseline and acute bilirubin encephalopathy respectively. Covariates involved in this study included sex, age, birth weight, blood glucose, red blood cell, hemolysis, receive phototherapy before exchange transfusion. RESULTS: The average gestational age of 46 selected participants was 38.6 ± 1.3 weeks old, the average age was 146.5 ± 86.9 hours old, 52.17% of them were male. Result of fully-adjusted binary logistic regression showed unbound bilirubin levels were positively associated with risk of acute bilirubin encephalopathy after adjusting confounders (Odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence intervals 1.05-1.91, P value <0.05). CONCLUSION: Unbound bilirubin levels are associated with neonatal acute bilirubin encephalopathy. The mechanism of unbound bilirubin levels leading to neonatal acute bilirubin encephalopathy needs to be further explored.

scholarly journals Negative Mood Is Associated with Diet and Dietary Antioxidants in University Students During the Menstrual Cycle: A Cross-Sectional Study from Guangzhou, China

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Lingling Bu ◽  
Yuting Lai ◽  
Yingyan Deng ◽  
Chenlu Xiong ◽  
Fengying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
University Students ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Carbonated Beverage ◽  
The Relationship

Postpubescent females may have negative mood or premenstrual syndrome during the menstrual cycle; with the emotional and physical symptoms interfering with their quality of life. Little is known about the relationship of dietary behaviors and dietary antioxidant intake with negative mood or premenstrual syndrome in university students in China; so we explored the relationship between negative mood and dietary behavior in female university students during the three menstrual cycle phases. Random sampling was used to enroll 88 individuals from a university in Guangzhou; China in the study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. During the menstrual phase, tea, black coffee and carbonated beverage intake was higher in the group with a high negative affect scale score than in the low score group (p < 0.05). Likewise; during the premenstrual phase, fresh fruit (banana and red Chinese dates) intake was higher in the group with a high negative affect scale score than in the low-score group (p < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results showed that negative mood was positively associated with tea, coffee, and carbonated beverage intake during the menstrual phase (β = 0.21, p = 0.0453, odds ratio = 1.23), and negative mood was positively associated with banana and red Chinese dates intake during the premenstrual phase (β = 0.59, p = 0.0172, odds ratio = 1.81). Our results suggest that negative mood may be associated with diet and specific food in university postpubescent females.

scholarly journals Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
Tetsuya Matsubayashi ◽  
Michiko Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background There is some evidence that loneliness may be linked to poorer health behaviours. Despite this, there has been little research to date on the relationship between loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. We studied these associations in a sample of the Japanese population. Methods Data were analysed from an online survey of 2000 adults undertaken in April and May 2020. Loneliness was assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. Information was also collected on 13 COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Regression analyses were used to examine associations. Results In linear regression models adjusted for demographic and mental health variables, both dichotomous and continuous loneliness measures were negatively associated with engaging in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Logistic regression analyses further showed that loneliness was also associated with reduced odds for a variety of individual preventive behaviours including wearing a mask (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.95), disinfecting hands (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.94) and social distancing when outdoors (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.92). Conclusions Loneliness is associated with lower engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Interventions to prevent or ameliorate loneliness during the ongoing pandemic may be important in combating the spread of the coronavirus.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Robustness of the English Sibilant Fricative Contrast in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Holliday ◽  
Patrick F. Reidy ◽  
Mary E. Beckman ◽  
Jan Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Phonological Contrast ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Centroid Frequency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children's Speech

Purpose Four measures of children's developing robustness of phonological contrast were compared to see how they correlated with age, vocabulary size, and adult listeners' correctness ratings. Method Word-initial sibilant fricative productions from eighty-one 2- to 5-year-old children and 20 adults were phonetically transcribed and acoustically analyzed. Four measures of robustness of contrast were calculated for each speaker on the basis of the centroid frequency measured from each fricative token. Productions that were transcribed as correct from different children were then used as stimuli in a perception experiment in which adult listeners rated the goodness of each production. Results Results showed that the degree of category overlap, quantified as the percentage of a child's productions whose category could be correctly predicted from the output of a mixed-effects logistic regression model, was the measure that correlated best with listeners' goodness judgments. Conclusions Even when children's productions have been transcribed as correct, adult listeners are sensitive to within-category variation quantified by the child's degree of category overlap. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between the age of a child and adults' sensitivity to different types of within-category variation in children's speech.

Association Between Physical Activity in Parks and Perceived Environment: A Study With Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Siqueira Reis ◽  
Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino ◽  
Alex Antonio Florindo ◽  
Ciro Romélio Rodriguez Añez ◽  
Marlos Rodrigues Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crude Analysis

Background:The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between adolescents’ physical activity practice and their perception about the environment of urban parks.Methods:A school-based representative sample (n = 1,718; boys = 40.4%) of teenagers of Curitiba, Southern region of Brazil. A questionnaire was employed to identify perceived parks environmental features as well as physical activity practice in the parks (PAP), habitual physical activity (HPA) and demographics. The relationship between PAP and parks environments was analyzed through multivariate logistic regression controlling for age and socioeconomic status, HPA and parks distance.Results:After controlling for confounders PAP was associated with lack of space to be physically active, activities to choose from and equipments for both boys and girls, (odds ratio (OR)—ranging from 1.5 to 1.8). Among boys, having people of same age (OR = 1.5) and accessibility (OR = 2.0) showed association with PAP only in crude analysis. However, among girls, to be bulled or teased (OR = 1.4) and accessibility (OR = 1.7) were associated with PAP after confounding control.Conclusions:The results showed that specific attributes in parks may be considered and offered to increase the likelihood of physical activity practice among adolescents in such locations.

Swollen, but not tender joints, are independently associated with ultrasound synovitis: results from a longitudinal observational study of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Berner Hammer ◽  
Brigitte Michelsen ◽  
Joseph Sexton ◽  
Ida K Haugen ◽  
Sella A Provan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Joint Level ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Joint Tenderness ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
Joint Assessment

ObjectivesJoint swelling and tenderness are considered a proxy for inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). With ultrasound-detected inflammation as reference, our objectives were to explore on patient and joint level the associations between ultrasound synovitis and joint swelling, tenderness and patient-reported joint pain (PRJP).Methods209 patients with established RA were examined six times during 12 months with assessment of 32 joints in upper/lower extremities for joint swelling/tenderness and Grey scale (GS)/power Doppler (PD) synovitis. PRJP was assessed on a manikin. Correlations between different sum scores were at each examination calculated using Spearman’s rho (r), agreement at joint level was examined by Cohen’s kappa and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between joint assessment and GS/PD scores.ResultsAt patient level, swollen joints were strongly correlated with GS/PD sum scores (r=0.64–0.88), while tender joints were primarily associated with PRJP (r=0.54–0.68). At joint level, GS/PD pathology had higher agreement with swelling (kappa 0.54–0.57) than tenderness (kappa 0.20–0.21) or PRJP (0.23–0.25). Higher percentages of joints were swollen according to increasing GS/PD scores, independently of joint tenderness. However, joints being tender, but not swollen, were not associated with GS/PD scores. Receiver operating curves showed swollen but not tender joints to be associated with GS/PD scores.ConclusionsSwollen joints were strongly associated with ultrasound detected synovitis at both patient and joint level, while this association was not found for tender joints. These results may question if tender joints reflect ongoing inflammation in established RA.

scholarly journals PSIII-11 Semen quality effect on conception rate among three purebred swine lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
Giselle Kruse ◽  
Cailtyn Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between semen quality and conception rate. There were 30985 Duroc, 15888 Landrace, and 18198 Yorkshire single sire, purebred mating observations with 880 Duroc, 508 Landrace, and 492 Yorkshire boars represented from March 2011 to July 2018. Data from each breed was analyzed using a logistic regression model with fixed effects of sow parity at time of mating, the number of breeding attempts for the sow, days rest of the boar, and days from collection to insemination, covariates of age at collection, motility, percent abnormal tails, and random effects of contemporary group, boar, and evaluator. For Duroc, increased percent abnormal tails decreased conception rate (odds ratio=0.99, P < 0.05), and more than 9 days rest resulted in lower conception rates compared to less than 5 days rest (odds ratio=0.85, P < 0.05). For all three breeds, inseminations occurring 2 days post-collection tended to result in lower conception rate compared to 1 day post-collection (Duroc, odds ratio=0.94, P < 0.1, Yorkshire, odds ratio=0.87, P < 0.1, Landrace, odds ratio=0.91,P < 0.05); however, for Landrace, inseminations occurring 4 days post collection resulted in higher conception rates compared to 1 day post-collection (odds ratio=1.16, P < 0.05). For Yorkshire, increased motility was associated with higher conception rates (odds ratio=1.02, P < 0.001). The effect of age at collection on conception rate was small, but significant for both Landrace and Duroc resulting in ~1% increase per year of age (P < 0.05). Boar and semen quality effects on conception rate were inconsistent across breeds, suggesting that optimizing conception rates across breeds could be difficult.

scholarly journals A multifactorial analysis of differential agent marking in Herodotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-57
Author(s):  
David Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Multifactorial Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Passive agents in ancient Greek exhibit a well-known alternation between dative case and prepositional phrase. It has long been recognized that grammatical aspect plays a crucial role in this alternation: dative agents preponderate among aspectually perfect predicates, prepositional phrase agents elsewhere. Although the importance of grammatical aspect is undeniable, it is not the only factor that determines the realization of passive agents. The identification of other factors has proven challenging, however, not least because previous researchers have lacked methods for assessing the relative importance of the determinants that influence the realization of agent phrases. In this paper, I use Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression to provide a multifactorial account of differential agent marking in Herodotus, according to which the realization of passive agent phrases is conditioned by the relationship between semantic role and referential prominence (Haspelmath 2021). Dative agents are favored in clauses where semantic role and referential prominence are aligned (i.e., the agent is referentially prominent or the patient is referentially non-prominent). By contrast, prepositional phrase agents are more likely when semantic role and referential prominence are at odds (i.e., the patient is referentially prominent or the agent is referentially non-prominent).

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