Associations of blood pressure and arterial stiffness with knee cartilage volume in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Tao Meng ◽  
Guangfeng Ruan ◽  
Shuang Zheng ◽  
Jimin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cartilage Volume ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Femoral Cartilage ◽  
Symptomatic Knee

Abstract Objective To describe the associations of blood pressure and arterial stiffness with knee cartilage volume in patients with knee OA. Methods A secondary analysis was performed on the data from participants in a randomized controlled trial that identified the effects of vitamin D supplementation on knee structures and symptoms among patients with symptomatic knee OA. Brachial and central blood pressure, arterial stiffness indicators and knee cartilage volume were measured at baseline and the 2 year follow-up. Associations were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results Among 231 participants (average age 63.2 years), 48.9% were females. Higher supine systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly associated with lower tibial cartilage volume (systolic: lateral β −6.23, medial β −5.14, total β −11.35 mm3/mmHg; diastolic: lateral β −10.25, medial β −11.29, total β −21.50 mm3/mmHg). Higher supine systolic pressure was associated with lower femoral cartilage volume (lateral β −17.35, total β −28.31 mm3/mmHg). Central systolic pressure and arterial stiffness indicators (including pulse wave velocity, central pulse pressure and peripheral pulse pressure) were largely not associated with knee cartilage volume; however, higher augmentation index was associated with lower tibial and femoral cartilage volume (tibial: medial β −8.24, total β −19.13 mm3/%; femoral: lateral β −23.70, medial β −26.42, total β −50.12 mm3/%). Conclusions Blood pressure and arterial stiffness are associated with knee cartilage volume at several sites in knee OA patients. This supports that blood pressure and arterial stiffness may involve in the progression of knee OA.

Abstract 12973: Atrial Fibrillation is Associated With Increased Central Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priit Pauklin ◽  
Jaan Eha ◽  
Kaspar Tootsi ◽  
Rein Kolk ◽  
Rain Paju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Central Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lack Of Information

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, yet there is a lack of information about the hemodynamic profile and arterial stiffness of these patients. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the differences in arterial stiffness and central blood pressures in patients with paroxysmal/persistent AF compared to a healthy control group. Methods: We included 76 patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF who underwent electrical cardioversion or pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for AF. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) and central blood pressure (cBP) were measured by applanation tonometry. All measurements were done in sinus rhythm (SR). We compared the results with 75 healthy age matched individuals. Results: Patients with a history of AF had higher cfPWV compared to the control group (8,0 m/s vs 7,2 m/s, p<0,001). AF patients also had higher central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) (118 mmHg vs 114 mmHg, p=0,03) and central pulse pressure (cPP) (39 mmHg vs 37 mmHg, p=0,03), without differences in peripheral systolic pressure (pSBP) (127 mmHg vs 123 mmHg, p=0,13), peripheral diastolic blood pressure (pDPB) (78 mmHg vs 76 mmHg, p=0,14) and peripheral pulse pressure (pPP) (48 mmHg vs 47 mmHg, p=0,37). There was no difference in heart rate (HR) (58 vs 61 bpm, p=0,08) (Table 1). In a multiple regression analysis (adjusted R 2 = 0,37) where cfPWV was set as the dependent variable and adjusting for age, sex, HR, weight, mean central arterial pressure (cMAP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the AF group remained to be an independent predictor for cfPWV (p=0,016). Conclusions: Patients with atrial fibrillation have a higher cSBP, cPP and cfPWV compared to healthy subjects without differences in peripheral blood pressure and HR. These findings support the hypothesis that arterial stiffness may play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Residential Proximity to Greenness Mitigates the Hemodynamic Effects of Ambient Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Riggs ◽  
Ray Yeager ◽  
Daniel J. Conklin ◽  
Natasha DeJarnett ◽  
Rachel J Keith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Proximity ◽  
Augmentation Pressure

Background: Residential proximity to greenness is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of greenness are linked to a reduction in the effects of ambient air pollutants. Methods and Results: We measured arterial stiffness in 73 participants with moderate to high CVD risk. Average levels of ambient PM2.5 and ozone were calculated from local monitoring stations. Residential greenness was estimated using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 200m and 1km radius around each participant's home. Participants were 51% female; average age of 52 years; and, 79% had diagnosed hypertension. In multiple linear regression models, residential NDVI was negatively associated with augmentation index (-3.8% per 0.1 NDVI). Ambient levels of PM2.5 (per interquartile range (IQR) of 6.9 μg/m3) were positively associated with augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), pulse pressure (5.9 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (8.1 mmHg). Ozone (per IQR of 0.03 ppm) was positively associated with augmentation index (5.5%), augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (10 mmHg). In areas of low greenness, both PM2.5 and ozone were positively associated with pulse pressure. Additionally, ozone was positively associated with augmentation pressure and systolic blood pressure. However, in areas of high greenness, there was no significant association between indices of arterial stiffness with either PM2.5 or ozone.Conclusions: Residential proximity to greenness is associated with lower values of arterial stiffness. Residential greenness may mitigate the adverse effects of PM2.5 and ozone on arterial stiffness.

Volume status and arterial blood pressures are associated with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Erdan ◽  
Abdullah Ozkok ◽  
Nadir Alpay ◽  
Vakur Akkaya ◽  
Alaattin Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure

Background: Arterial stiffness is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible relations of arterial stiffness with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis and aortic blood pressure parameters. Also, effects of a single hemodialysis session on these parameters were studied. Methods: A total of 75 hemodialysis patients (M/F: 43/32; mean age: 53 ± 17) were enrolled. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure were measured by applanation tonometry before and after hemodialysis. Extracellular fluid and total body fluid volumes were determined by bioimpedance analysis. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (9.30 ± 3.30 vs 7.59 ± 2.66 m/s, p < 0.001), augmentation index (24.52 ± 9.42 vs 20.28 ± 10.19, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (38 ± 14 vs 29 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with age (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), peripheral mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.10, p = 0.005), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001), and extracellular fluid/total body fluid (r2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Pre-dialysis augmentation index was associated with total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0,02), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Δcarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02) and inversely correlated with baseline carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Pre-dialysis Δaugmentation index was significantly associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.009) and Δaortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.03) and inversely associated with baseline augmentation index (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001) to determine the factors predicting Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, extracellular fluid/total body fluid and peripheral mean blood pressure significantly predicted Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Arterial stiffness was associated with both peripheral and aortic blood pressure. Furthermore, reduction in arterial stiffness parameters was related to reduction in aortic blood pressure. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis. Volume control may improve not only the aortic blood pressure measurements but also arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Aortic Hemodynamics in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fukuie ◽  
Takayuki Yamabe ◽  
Daisuke Hoshi ◽  
Tatsuya Hashitomi ◽  
Yosuke Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aquatic Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aortic Hemodynamics

Aquatic exercise is an attractive form of exercise that utilizes the various properties of water to improve physical health, including arterial stiffness. However, it is unclear whether regular head-out aquatic exercise affects aortic hemodynamics, the emerging risk factors for future cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether head-out aquatic exercise training improves aortic hemodynamics in middle-aged and elderly people. In addition, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms, we determined the contribution of change in arterial stiffness to the hypothesized changes in aortic hemodynamics. Twenty-three middle-aged and elderly subjects (62 ± 9 years) underwent a weekly aquatic exercise course for 15 weeks. Aortic hemodynamics were evaluated by pulse wave analysis via the general transfer function method. Using a polar coordinate description, companion metrics of aortic pulse pressure (PPC = √{(systolic blood pressure)2 + (diastolic blood pressure)2}) and augmentation index (AIxC = √{(augmentation pressure)2 + (pulse pressure)2}) were calculated as measures of arterial load. Brachial-ankle (baPWV, reflecting stiffness of the abdominal aorta and leg artery) and heart-ankle (haPWV, reflecting stiffness of the whole aortic and leg artery) pulse wave velocities were also measured. The rate of participation in the aquatic training program was 83.5 ± 13.0%. Aortic systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, PPC, AIxC, baPWV, and haPWV decreased after the training (P &lt; 0.05 for all), whereas augmentation index remained unchanged. Changes in aortic SBP were correlated with changes in haPWV (r = 0.613, P = 0.002) but not baPWV (r = 0.296, P = 0.170). These findings suggest that head-out aquatic exercise training may improve aortic hemodynamics in middle-aged and elderly people, with the particular benefits for reducing aortic SBP which is associated with proximal aortic stiffness.

scholarly journals Higher blood pressure in elderly hypertensive females, with increased arterial stiffness and blood pressure in females with the Fibrillin-1 2/3 genotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Åström Malm ◽  
Urban Alehagen ◽  
Peter Blomstrand ◽  
Ulf Dahlström ◽  
Rachel De Basso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Fibrillin 1

Abstract Background Elderly patients have a relatively high cardiovascular risk due to increased arterial stiffness, elevated blood pressure and decreased amounts of elastin in the arteries. The composition of the media layer in the arterial wall, comprising elastin, collagen, smooth muscle cells, proteoglycans, fibronectin and fibrillin-1, influences its mechanical properties. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene leads to increased aortic stiffness, elevated pulse pressure and aortic root dilatation. This study investigates whether there is a sex difference among hypertensive elderly patients regarding blood pressure, arterial stiffness and fibrillin-1 genotypes. Methods A total of 315 hypertensive subjects (systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg) were included in this study (155 men and 160 women aged 71–88 years). Aortic pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were determined using SphygmoCor, and brachial blood pressure was measured using an oscillometric technique. Fibrillin-1 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and with a capillary electrophoresis system. Results Females showed a significantly higher peripheral mean arterial pressure (females; 107.20 mmHg, males 101.6 mmHg, p = 0.008), central mean arterial pressure (females; 107.2 mmHg, males 101.6 mmHg p = 0.008), central systolic blood pressure (females; 148.1 mmHg, males 139.2 mmHg, p <  0.001) and central pulse pressure (females; 68.9 mmHg, males 61.6 mmHg, p = 0.035) than males. Females with the Fibrillin-1 2/3 genotype showed a significantly higher augmentation index (FBN1 2/3; 39.9%, FBN1 2/2 35.0%, FBN1 2/4 35.8, p = 0.029) and systolic blood pressure (FBN1 2/3; 174.6 mmHg, FBN1 2/2168.9 mmHg, FBN1 2/4169.9 mmHg, p = 0.025) than females with the 2/2 and 2/4 genotypes. Conclusion The findings of this study may indicate that hypertensive elderly females, especially elderly females with Fibrillin-1 2/3, have increased systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness.

scholarly journals Augmentation Index Predicts the Sweat Volume in Young Runners

2021 ◽  
pp. 448-456
Author(s):  
Yen-Yu Liu ◽  
Chung-Lieh Hung ◽  
Fang-Ju Sun ◽  
Po-Han Huang ◽  
Yu-Fan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Pulse Pressure

Sweating during exercise is regulated by objective parameters, body weight, and endothelial function, among other factors. However, the relationship between vascular arterial stiffness and sweat volume in young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to identify hemodynamic parameters before exercise that can predict sweat volume during exercise, and post-exercise parameters that can be predicted by the sweat volume. Eighty-nine young healthy subjects (aged 21.9 ± 1.7 years, 51 males) were recruited to each perform a 3-km run on a treadmill. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected and hemodynamic data were obtained, including heart rate, blood pressure and pulse wave analysis using non-invasive tonometry. Sweat volume was defined as pre-exercise body weight minus post-exercise body weight. Post-exercise hemodynamic parameters were also collected. Sweat volume was significantly associated with gender, body surface area (BSA) (b = 0.288, p = 0.010), peripheral systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral and central pulse pressure (PP), and was inversely associated with augmentation index at an HR of 75 beats/min (AIx@HR75) (b = -0.005, p = 0.019) and ejection duration. While BSA appeared to predict central PP (B = 19.271, p ≤ 0.001), central PP plus AIx@HR75 further predicted sweat volume (B = 0.008, p = 0.025; B = -0.009, p = 0.003 respectively). Sweat volume was associated with peripheral SBP change (B = -17.560, p = 0.031). Sweat volume during a 3-km run appears to be influenced by hemodynamic parameters, including vascular arterial stiffness and central pulse pressure. Results of the present study suggest that vascular arterial stiffness likely regulates sweat volume during exercise.

Applanation Tonometry for Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Load

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Rene D. Mileva-Popova ◽  
Nina Y. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
And Gender

Summary Vascular-ventricular coupling is a major determinant of left ventricular load. The aim of our study was to assess non- invasively left ventricular load and its dependency on central hemodynamics. Sixty-five healthy and gender-matched individuals were divided in two groups according to their age: 20y/o and 50y/o. Applanation tonometry was performed using the Sphygmocor device. Central pressures and pulse wave analysis indices were computed. Central systolic (120±3 vs. 98±2 mm Hg) and pulse pressures (43±3 vs. 29±1 mm Hg) as well as the augmentation index (AIx75) (23±3 vs. 6±2%) were significantly higher in the 50y/o group (p<0.01). These parameters are relevant markers of arterial stiffness and evidenced the development of central arterial morphological and functional alterations in the older subjects. The time-tension index (TTI) computed from the systolic pressure area was significantly higher in the 50y/o subjects as compared to the 20y/o group (2378±66 vs. 1954±73 mmHg×s, p<0.01). Moreover, we have shown the presence of significant correlation between TTI and AIx75 (p<0.01) in both age groups. This finding confirmed the contribution of arterial stiffness for the impaired vascular-ventricular coupling. In conclusion, applanation tonometry might be utilized for non-invasive evaluation of the left ventricular load, which is an important parameter of cardiovascular risk.

Determinants of central aortic pressure and pulse pressure amplification changes in patients with aortic aneurysm: the role of aortic diameter and aortic aneurysm location level

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gurevich ◽  
I Emelyanov ◽  
N Zherdev ◽  
D Chernova ◽  
A Chernov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Abstract Background The presence of aortic aneurysm can alters pulse wave propagation and reflection, causing changes in central aortic pressure and pulse pressure amplification (PPA) between the aorta and the brachial artery that might be associated with unfavorable hemodynamic effects for the central arteries and the heart. However, the impact of the location of the aneurysm and increase of the aortic diameter on central blood pressure (CBP) is not fully understood. Objective To investigate central aortic pressure and PPA regarding to association with arterial stiffness and aortic diameter in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm (AA), descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA and AAA). Methods 122 patients (96 males, 65±11 years) with aortic aneurysm were enrolled before aortic repair. The parameters of the aorta were evaluated by MSCT angiography: 44 patients (30 males, 55±13 years) had AA (the maximum diameter: 59.9±14.2 mm), 13 patients (11 males, 62±11 years) had TAA (the maximum diameter: 62.8±8.0 mm) and 65 patients (54 males, 69±8 years) had AAA (the maximum diameter: 52.3±17.2 mm). Brachial blood pressure (BBP) was measured by OMRON. CBP, augmentation index (AIx), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed by SphygmoCor. PPA was calculated as a difference between the values of central and brachial pulse pressure (CPP and BPP). Results Patients of the three groups did not differ in BPP (AA: 59.2±17.6; TAA 56.8±12.8; AAA: 59.3±11.4 mm Hg; P=0.5). Intergroup comparison revealed a difference in CPP between the three patients groups: CPP was higher in patients with AA and AAA, lower in patients with TAA (AA: 50.3±16.2; TAA 43.8±10.8; AAA: 50.0±11.2 mm Hg; P=0.05). PPA was lower in patients with AA and AAA than in patients with TAA (9.6±6.7 and 9.3±4.2 vs. 13.0±6.5 mm Hg; P=0.05 and P=0.04, respectively). IAx was higher in patients with AA and AAA than in patients with TAA (25.2±8.1 and 27.6±8.2 vs. 17.2±8.2 mm Hg; P=0.008 and P=0.001, respectively). A decrease of PPA across all patients correlated with an increase of IAx (r = - 0.268; P=0.003). CPP decreased with an increase of the aortic diameter for each level of the aneurysm (AA: r = - 0.460, P=0.016; TAA: r = - 0.833, P=0.003; AAA: r = - 0.275, P=0.05). PWV decreased with the expansion of the maximum aortic diameter at the level of the AA, TAA and AAA: (r = - 0.389, P=0.03; r = - 0.827, P=0.02 and r = - 0.350, P=0.01, respectively). Conclusion In patients with aortic aneurysm measurements of lower central pulse pressure and reduced PWV indicate an association with increased diameter of the aneurysm. An increase in augmentation index, early return of reflected waves, thus smaller PP amplification and higher CPP were identified in patients with ascending and abdominal aortic aneurysm compared by patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Cardiovascular Effects of Aerobic Exercise With Self-Selected or Predetermined Intensity in Adolescents With Obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tércio A.R. Barros ◽  
Wagner L. do Prado ◽  
Thiago R.S. Tenório ◽  
Raphael M. Ritti-Dias ◽  
Antônio H. Germano-Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Central Pulse Pressure

This study compared the effects of self-selected exercise intensity (SEI) versus predetermined exercise intensity (PEI) on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in adolescents with obesity. A total of 37 adolescents, 14.7 (1.6) years old, body mass index ≥95th percentile were randomly allocated into SEI (n = 18; 12 boys) or PEI (n = 19; 13 boys). Both groups exercised for 35 minutes on a treadmill, 3 times per week, for 12 weeks. The SEI could set the speed at the beginning of the sessions and make changes every 5 minutes. The PEI adolescents were trained at an intensity set at 60% to 70% of heart rate reserve. Brachial and central BP, pulse pressure, augmentation index, and carotid–femoral pulse wave were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks. Both groups reduced brachial systolic BP (SEI, Δ = −9 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = −4 mm Hg; P < .01), central systolic BP (SEI, Δ = −4 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = −4 mm Hg; P = .01), and central pulse pressure (SEI, Δ = −4 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = −3 mm Hg; P = .02) without differences between groups. No changes in the augmentation index and carotid–femoral pulse wave were observed in either group. The SEI induced similar changes in various cardiovascular outcomes compared with PEI in adolescents with obesity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document