Estimation of the Effective Doses from Typical Fluoroscopic Examinations with Barium Contrast

Abstract The current study aimed to estimate the effective doses and conversion coefficients (CCs) for typical barium swallow (BS), barium meal (BM) and barium enema (BE) protocols and to evaluate the impact of different examination parameters on the resulting CCs. Data were collected in surgical and therapy departments in St. Petersburg Urban Mariinsky Hospital. Computational models were developed using PCXMC 2.0 software. CCs (μSv × μGy−1 × m−2) were estimated, as follows, for over couch and under couch exposure geometries, respectively: 2.3 and 1.7 for BS (surgical department); 2.4 and 2.0 for BM (surgical department); 2.6 and 2.1 for BE (surgical department) 2.5 and 3.8 for BM (therapy department). The effective doses and CCs are mainly influenced by the combination of different fluoroscopic series and X-ray images taken in different projections, the irradiation field size and the energy characteristics of the X-ray beam.

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Towards a better understanding of the posttreatment hemodynamic behaviors in femoropopliteal arteries through personalized computational models based on OCT images

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96030-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Can Gökgöl ◽

Yasushi Ueki ◽

Daniel Abler ◽

Nicolas Diehm ◽

Rolf P. Engelberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endovascular Therapy ◽

Computational Models ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Total Surface Area ◽

Imaging Modalities ◽

Geometrical Structures ◽

X Ray ◽

Arterial Lumen ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe hemodynamic behavior following endovascular treatment of patients with peripheral arterial disease plays a significant role on the occurrence of restenosis in femoro-popliteal (FP) arteries. The atheroprone flow conditions that are generally accepted to promote restenosis can be calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, and these results can be used to assess individualized treatment outcomes. However, the impact of endovascular therapy on the flow behaviors of FP arteries are still poorly understood, as the imaging modalities used in existing numerical works (X-ray angiography, computed tomography angiography) are unable to accurately represent the post-treatment arterial geometry due to their low resolutions. Therefore, this study proposes a new algorithm that combines intra-arterial lumen geometry obtained from high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with centerlines generated from X-ray images to reconstruct the FP artery with an in-plane resolution of 10 µm. This superior accuracy allows modeling characteristic geometrical structures, such as angioplasty-induced arterial dissections, that are too small to be reconstructed with other imaging modalities. The framework is applied on the clinical data of patients treated either with only-percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (n = 4) or PTA followed by stenting (n = 4). Based on the generated models, PTA was found to cause numerous arterial dissections, covering approximately 10% of the total surface area of the lumen, whereas no dissections were identified in the stented arteries. CFD simulations were performed to investigate the hemodynamic conditions before and after treatment. Regardless of the treatment method, the areas affected by low time-averaged wall shear stress (< 0.5 Pa) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) following endovascular therapy (pre-PTA: 0.95 ± 0.59 cm2; post-PTA: 2.10 ± 1.09cm2; post-stent: 3.10 ± 0.98 cm2). There were no statistical differences between the PTA and the stent groups. However, within the PTA group, adverse hemodynamics were mainly concentrated at regions created by arterial dissections, which may negatively impact the outcomes of a leave-nothing-behind strategy. These observations show that OCT-based numerical models have great potential to guide clinicians regarding the optimal treatment approach.

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Patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection ◽

10.2298/ntrp0301036c ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Olivera Ciraj-Bjelac ◽

Srpko Markovic ◽

Dusko Kosutic

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Diagnostic Radiology ◽

Surface Dose ◽

Reference Levels ◽

Organ Doses ◽

X Ray ◽

Entrance Surface Dose ◽

National Quality ◽

Effective Doses ◽

The Impact

The objective of this work is to assess patient organ doses, effective doses and entrance surface doses in conventional diagnostic radiology procedures for standard adult patient. The survey consists of measurements of doses delivered to 239 patients in nine types of X-ray examinations. Three types of data were collected: X-ray machine data, patient data, and output measurements. Entrance surface dose was assessed based on the survey data and subsequently, using conversion coefficients, the organ doses and effective doses were calculated. Values of the entrance surface dose and the effective dose were estimated to be 0.4 to 5.8 mGy and 0.03 to 3.00 mSv for different examinations. Derived doses were compared with recommended general diagnostic reference levels. The impact of examination parameters on dose values was discussed. Except for posterior-anterior chest examination, all estimated doses are lower than stated reference levels. Survey data are aimed at helping development of national quality control and radiation protection programmed for medical exposures.

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Analyzing the Impact of X-Ray Tomography on the Reliability of Integrated Circuits

ISTFA 2015: Conference Proceedings from the 41st International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2015p0154 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Halit Dogan ◽

Md Mahbub Alam ◽

Navid Asadizanjani ◽

Sina Shahbazmohamadi ◽

Domenic Forte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Serial Sectioning ◽

Promising Technique ◽

Flash Memories ◽

X Ray ◽

3D Information ◽

The Impact

Abstract X-ray tomography is a promising technique that can provide micron level, internal structure, and three dimensional (3D) information of an integrated circuit (IC) component without the need for serial sectioning or decapsulation. This is especially useful for counterfeit IC detection as demonstrated by recent work. Although the components remain physically intact during tomography, the effect of radiation on the electrical functionality is not yet fully investigated. In this paper we analyze the impact of X-ray tomography on the reliability of ICs with different fabrication technologies. We perform a 3D imaging using an advanced X-ray machine on Intel flash memories, Macronix flash memories, Xilinx Spartan 3 and Spartan 6 FPGAs. Electrical functionalities are then tested in a systematic procedure after each round of tomography to estimate the impact of X-ray on Flash erase time, read margin, and program operation, and the frequencies of ring oscillators in the FPGAs. A major finding is that erase times for flash memories of older technology are significantly degraded when exposed to tomography, eventually resulting in failure. However, the flash and Xilinx FPGAs of newer technologies seem less sensitive to tomography, as only minor degradations are observed. Further, we did not identify permanent failures for any chips in the time needed to perform tomography for counterfeit detection (approximately 2 hours).

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Observational study on Barium Meal X-Ray in clinically diagnosed cases of Parinama Shoola

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v1i2.3659 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Mahamad Yunus ◽

KM Shailaja Singh ◽

Suvarna Bhagavat ◽

Arun Kumar Singh ◽

Manish Kumar

Keyword(s):

Medical Science ◽

Duodenal Bulb ◽

Barium Meal ◽

Vital Role ◽

Question Mark ◽

X Ray ◽

System Disease ◽

Mucosal Erosion ◽

Meal Time ◽

The Mind

Parinama Shoola is a disease of Annavaha Srotas (GIT) characterized by pain during digestion of food which tormates the process after every meal time and source of constant discomfort. It is a Pitta Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi. Based on subjective features most of the Ayurvedic scholars considered as peptic ulcer, one of the most common digestive system disease rise due to the faulty diet and habits. Hence in the field of gastroenterology diagnosis and management of shoola plays a vital role. The present era is an era of new inventions and the modern medical science has stuck the mind of all by its day to day developments. It is true that modern medical science has grown up considerably; still it has to face a big question mark in so far as some miserable problems are concerned. The problem selected for this work is one among them. Considering the solemnity and incidence of the disease, the present study was aimed to observe barium meal X-ray findings in clinically diagnosed cases of Parinama Shoola to evaluate objective features for Parinama Shoola. It was observed that among 60 patients of Parinama Shoola, 30% were having deformed duodenal bulb, in 25% duodenal cap is deformed with mucosal erosion and 13.3% had duodenal ulcer found with ulcer crater in upper GI barium meal X-ray.

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Evaluation of the impact of compliance of precast discs of overlapping on the work of the frame of a multi-storey building

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199704022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 04022

Author(s):

Nikolay Trekin ◽

Emil Kodysh ◽

Alexander Bybka ◽

Alexander Yamalov ◽

Nikita Konkov

Keyword(s):

Economic Performance ◽

Computational Models ◽

Precast Concrete ◽

Building Frames ◽

Frame Building ◽

Numerical Studies ◽

Frame Buildings ◽

The Impact ◽

Structural Solutions ◽

Storey Building

The article provides an analysis and justification of the need to take into account the compliance of discs of overlapping and coatings when calculating frames from precast concrete structures. Previously conducted full-scale experiments showed that the rigidity of the precast overlapping with full filling of the seams, in comparison with the monolithic overlapping, decreases by 3-15 times due to the ductility of the joints. The use of refined computational models of structural solutions for frames, which take into account the compliance of the conjugations of elements, makes it possible to trace possible redistribution of efforts. Such an approach when reconstructing, it is possible to optimally select and calculate the enforcement of structure, and on new designing, to increase reliability and / or improve the economic performance of frame buildings. According to the results of analytical studies, formulas were adopted for the parameters that allow one to take into account the overall compliance of overlapping disks and coatings in computational models of building frames. Numerical studies on the computational model of a frame building made it possible to evaluate the effect of accounting for compliance on the stress-strain state of a multi-storey frame.

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The role of point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion: a single academic center retrospective study

The Ultrasound Journal ◽

10.1186/s13089-021-00205-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew G. Hanson ◽

Barry Chan

Keyword(s):

Pericardial Effusion ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Physical Exam ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

X Ray ◽

Average Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Time To Diagnosis ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Symptomatic pericardial effusion (PCE) presents with non-specific features and are often missed on the initial physical exam, chest X-ray (CXR), and electrocardiogram (ECG). In extreme cases, misdiagnosis can evolve into decompensated cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening obstructive shock. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) on the diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of clinically significant PCE. Methods In a retrospective chart review, we looked at all patients between 2002 and 2018 at a major Canadian academic hospital who had a pericardiocentesis for clinically significant PCE. We extracted the rate of presenting complaints, physical exam findings, X-ray findings, ECG findings, time-to-diagnosis, and time-to-pericardiocentesis and how these were impacted by POCUS. Results The most common presenting symptom was dyspnea (64%) and the average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 120 mmHg. 86% of people presenting had an effusion > 1 cm, and 89% were circumferential on departmental echocardiogram (ECHO) with 64% having evidence of right atrial systolic collapse and 58% with early diastolic right ventricular collapse. The average time-to-diagnosis with POCUS was 5.9 h compared to > 12 h with other imaging including departmental ECHO. Those who had the PCE identified by POCUS had an average time-to-pericardiocentesis of 28.1 h compared to > 48 h with other diagnostic modalities. Conclusion POCUS expedites the diagnosis of symptomatic PCE given its non-specific clinical findings which, in turn, may accelerate the time-to-intervention.

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X-ray Shielding, Mechanical, Physical, and Water Absorption Properties of Wood/PVC Composites Containing Bismuth Oxide

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2212

Author(s):

Worawat Poltabtim ◽

Ekachai Wimolmala ◽

Teerasak Markpin ◽

Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽

Vichai Rosarpitak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Bismuth Oxide ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽

X Rays ◽

Equivalent Thickness ◽

X Ray ◽

The Impact

The potential utilization of wood/polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) composites containing an X-ray protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles, was investigated as novel, safe, and environmentally friendly X-ray shielding materials. The wood and Bi2O3 contents used in this work varied from 20 to 40 parts per hundred parts of PVC by weight (pph) and from 0 to 25, 50, 75, and 100 pph, respectively. The study considered X-ray shielding, mechanical, density, water absorption, and morphological properties. The results showed that the overall X-ray shielding parameters, namely the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µm), and lead equivalent thickness (Pbeq), of the WPVC composites increased with increasing Bi2O3 contents but slightly decreased at higher wood contents (40 pph). Furthermore, comparative Pbeq values between the wood/PVC composites and similar commercial X-ray shielding boards indicated that the recommended Bi2O3 contents for the 20 pph (40 ph) wood/PVC composites were 35, 85, and 40 pph (40, 100, and 45 pph) for the attenuation of 60, 100, and 150-kV X-rays, respectively. In addition, the increased Bi2O3 contents in the WPVC composites enhanced the Izod impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and density, but reduced water absorption. On the other hand, the increased wood contents increased the impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and water absorption but lowered the density of the composites. The overall results suggested that the developed WPVC composites had great potential to be used as effective X-ray shielding materials with Bi2O3 acting as a suitable X-ray protective filler.

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The impact of point defects in n-type GaN layers on thermal decomposition of InGaN/GaN QWs

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81017-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mikolaj Grabowski ◽

Ewa Grzanka ◽

Szymon Grzanka ◽

Artur Lachowski ◽

Julita Smalc-Koziorowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Wells ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Point Defects ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Helium Ions ◽

X Ray ◽

Sapphire Substrates ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The Impact ◽

Ingan Quantum Wells

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to give an experimental evidence that point defects (most probably gallium vacancies) induce decomposition of InGaN quantum wells (QWs) at high temperatures. In the experiment performed, we implanted GaN:Si/sapphire substrates with helium ions in order to introduce a high density of point defects. Then, we grew InGaN QWs on such substrates at temperature of 730 °C, what caused elimination of most (but not all) of the implantation-induced point defects expanding the crystal lattice. The InGaN QWs were almost identical to those grown on unimplanted GaN substrates. In the next step of the experiment, we annealed samples grown on unimplanted and implanted GaN at temperatures of 900 °C, 920 °C and 940 °C for half an hour. The samples were examined using Photoluminescence, X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. We found out that the decomposition of InGaN QWs started at lower temperatures for the samples grown on the implanted GaN substrates what provides a strong experimental support that point defects play important role in InGaN decomposition at high temperatures.

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Academic relationships between Hungarian professors and the Second Vienna Medical School

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift ◽

10.1007/s10354-021-00840-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Béla Szende ◽

Attila Zalatnai

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Medical School ◽

Medical Doctors ◽

Surgical Department ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

Practice Of Medicine ◽

Vienna Medical School ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

SummaryThis article discusses the impact of the ‘second’ Vienna Medical School, hallmarked by Karl Rokitansky, Joseph Skoda and Ferdinand Hebra, on the study and practice of medicine in Hungary. Six medical doctors’ lives and achievements are outlined, who formed a bridge between Vienna and Budapest through their studies and work. Four of them returned to Hungary and promoted the cause of medicine and medical education there. Lajos Arányi (1812–1877) founded in 1844 the Institute of Pathology at the University of Pest. János Balassa (1814–1868) took the Chair of the Surgical Department. Ignaz Philip Semmelweis (1818–1865), the ‘Saviour of Mothers’, received a position at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Vienna in 1846. Gustav Scheuthauer (1832–1894) became Arányi’s successor. Each of them continued to keep contact with their tutors in Vienna, especially with Karl Rokitansky, and followed the clinicopathological conception pioneered by the Vienna Medical School regarding diagnostics, treatment and prevention of diseases. Two physicians remained in Vienna: Mór Kaposi (1837–1902), who became known worldwide posthumously due to the connection between Kaposi’s sarcoma and AIDS, was the director of the Department of Dermatology of the Vienna University in 1878. Salomon Stricker (1837–1898) undertook the leadership of the Department of General and Experimental Pathology in 1872.

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Deep Dive Into the Effects of Food Processing on Limiting Starch Digestibility and Lowering the Glycemic Response

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Gautier Cesbron-Lavau ◽

Aurélie Goux ◽

Fiona Atkinson ◽

Alexandra Meynier ◽

Sophie Vinoy

Keyword(s):

Food Processing ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Food Products ◽

International Standards ◽

Starch Digestibility ◽

Deep Dive ◽

Processing Technologies ◽

X Ray ◽

The Impact

During processing of cereal-based food products, starch undergoes dramatic changes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of food processing on the starch digestibility profile of cereal-based foods using advanced imaging techniques, and to determine the effect of preserving starch in its native, slowly digestible form on its in vivo metabolic fate. Four different food products using different processing technologies were evaluated: extruded products, rusks, soft-baked cakes, and rotary-molded biscuits. Imaging techniques (X-ray diffraction, micro-X-ray microtomography, and electronic microscopy) were used to investigate changes in slowly digestible starch (SDS) structure that occurred during these different food processing technologies. For in vivo evaluation, International Standards for glycemic index (GI) methodology were applied on 12 healthy subjects. Rotary molding preserved starch in its intact form and resulted in the highest SDS content (28 g/100 g) and a significantly lower glycemic and insulinemic response, while the three other technologies resulted in SDS contents below 3 g/100 g. These low SDS values were due to greater disruption of the starch structure, which translated to a shift from a crystalline structure to an amorphous one. Modulation of postprandial glycemia, through starch digestibility modulation, is a meaningful target for the prevention of metabolic diseases.

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