scholarly journals M2. STRESS IS ASSOCIATED AND PREDICTS SCHIZOTYPIC AND PSYCHOTIC-LIKE EXPERIENCES IN THE FLOW OF DAILY LIFE IN NONCLINICAL AND INCIPIENT PSYCHOSIS INDIVIDUALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S133-S133
Author(s):  
Neus Barrantes-Vidal ◽  
Manel Monsonet ◽  
Anna Racioppi ◽  
Thomas R Kwapil
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
First Episode ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract Background Daily-life stressors, specially of a social nature, seem to play an important role in the origin and expression of the continuum of psychosis vulnerability. This study examined whether social stress and social positive appraisals in daily-life were associated, respectively, with the occurrence and the decrease of momentary psychotic-like and paranoid experiences and symptoms across the psychosis continuum. Methods Both social stressors and positive appraisals, as well as psychotic and paranoid experiences, were collected by means of Experience Sampling Methodology over a week. Schizotypy was assessed with the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales. Participants were 206 nonclinical individuals oversampled for schizotypy scores (mean age=19.8) and 113 individuals with at-risk mental states for psychosis and first episode psychosis (74 and 39, respectively; mean age=22.5). Results In the nonclinical sample, appraisals of social stress (but no social contact per se) were associated with psychotic-like and paranoid experiences in daily-life, but not with diminished thoughts or emotions (negative-like symptoms). The association of stress with psychotic and paranoid experiences was moderated by positive, but not negative, schizotypy. In the clinical sample, the positive social appraisal of feeling cared for by others moderated the association between negative self-esteem and the experience of paranoia. Also, they predicted (time-lagged analyses) a decrease of these experiences at subsequent time points—although only feeling cared about did so when the previous level of paranoia was controlled for. Discussion Consistent with models postulating that stress-sensitivity is a potential mechanistic pathway of, specifically, the positive dimension of psychosis, situational and also social stress predicted psychotic-like and paranoid experiences only in participants with high positive schizotypy. Furthermore, positive social appraisals showed a critical role for buffering the expression of paranoia associated to poor self-esteem in clinical risk for and early psychosis and predicted its amelioration prospectively. Altogether, these findings support the notion that increased sensitivity to social cues is a critical aspect for both risk and resilience mechanisms in the continuum of psychosis. Additionally, they highlight the powerful relevance of positive social identification for dampening the deleterious effects of poor self-esteem and stress.

scholarly journals Interaction between polygenic liability for schizophrenia and childhood adversity influences daily-life emotional dysregulation and psychosis proneness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta-Katrin Pries ◽  
Boris Klingenberg ◽  
Claudia Menne-Lothmann ◽  
Jeroen Decoster ◽  
Ruud van Winkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Psychosis Proneness

AbstractBackgroundThe earliest stages of the pluripotent psychopathology on the pathway to psychotic disorders is represented by emotional dysregulation and subtle psychosis expression, which can be measured using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). However, it is not clear to what degree common genetic and environmental risk factors for psychosis contribute to variation in these early expressions of psychopathology.MethodsIn this largest ever EMA study of a general population twin cohort including 593 adolescents and young adults between the ages of 15 and 35 years, we tested whether polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-S) interacts with childhood adversity (the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score) and daily-life stressors to influence momentary mental state domains (negative affect, positive affect, and subtle psychosis expression) and stress-sensitivity measures.ResultsBoth childhood adversity and daily-life stressors were associated with increased negative affect, decreased positive affect, and increased subtle psychosis expression, while PRS-S was only associated with increased positive affect. No gene–environment correlation was detected. We have provided novel evidence for interaction effects between PRS-S and childhood adversity to influence momentary mental states [negative affect (b = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.13, P = 0.013), positive affect (b = −0.05, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.00, P = 0.043), and subtle psychosis expression (b = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.19, P = 0.007)] and stress-sensitivity measures.ConclusionExposure to childhood adversities, particularly in individuals with high PRS-S, is pleiotropically associated with emotional dysregulation and psychosis proneness.

scholarly journals The impact of family environment on self-esteem and symptoms in early psychosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249721
Author(s):  
Lídia Hinojosa-Marqués ◽  
Manel Monsonet ◽  
Thomas R. Kwapil ◽  
Neus Barrantes-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Positive Symptoms Of Psychosis ◽  
The Impact

Expressed emotion (EE) and self-esteem (SE) have been implicated in the onset and development of paranoia and positive symptoms of psychosis. However, the impact of EE on patients’ SE and ultimately on symptoms in the early stages of psychosis is still not fully understood. The main objectives of this study were to examine whether: (1) patients’ SE mediated the effect of relatives’ EE on patients’ positive symptoms and paranoia; (2) patients’ perceived EE mediated the effect of relatives’ EE on patients’ SE; (3) patients’ SE mediated between patients’ perceived EE and patients’ symptomatology; and (4) patients’ perceived EE and patients’ SE serially mediated the effect of relatives’ EE on patients’ positive symptoms and paranoia. Incipient psychosis patients (at-risk mental states and first-episode of psychosis) and their respective relatives completed measures of EE, SE, and symptoms. Findings indicated that: (1) patients’ perceived EE mediated the link between relatives’ EE and patients’ negative, but not positive, SE; (2) patients’ negative SE mediated the effect of patients’ perceived EE on positive symptoms and paranoia; (3) the association of relatives’ EE with positive symptoms and paranoia was serially mediated by an increased level of patients’ perceived EE leading to increases in negative SE; (4) high levels of patients’ distress moderated the effect of relatives’ EE on symptoms through patients’ perceived EE and negative SE. Findings emphasize that patients’ SE is relevant for understanding how microsocial environmental factors impact formation and expression of positive symptoms and paranoia in early psychosis. They suggest that broader interventions for patients and their relatives aiming at improving family dynamics might also improve patients’ negative SE and symptoms.

scholarly journals Stress sensitivity in paranoia: poor-me paranoia protects against the unpleasant effects of social stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 2834-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Udachina ◽  
R. P. Bentall ◽  
F. Varese ◽  
G. Rowse
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Related Stress

BackgroundThe attributional theory of paranoia suggests that paranoid beliefs may protect individuals from low self-esteem and distress (Bentall et al. 2001). The current study tested this theory by investigating a hypothesis that paranoid beliefs in combination with low perceived deservedness of persecution (poor-me beliefs) confer protection against the distress caused by social but not activity related stress.MethodsParanoid symptoms, perceived deservedness of persecution, self-esteem, mood, and stress levels of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (N = 91) and healthy controls (N = 52) were assessed in the context of daily life using the experience sampling method.ResultsIndividuals holding poor-me beliefs (poor-me individuals) showed blunted sensitivity to social but not activity stress. In contrast, individuals holding paranoid beliefs in combination with high perceived deservedness of persecution (bad-me individuals) showed heightened sensitivity to social stress. No consistent differences in reactions to activity stress emerged. Although both poor-me and bad-me individuals reported low self-esteem, this disturbance was particularly characteristic of bad-me individuals.ConclusionsThe results suggest that poor-me paranoid beliefs may protect individuals against the distress associated with unpleasant social situations. The specificity of reactions to social stress is discussed in the context of wider literature. Future directions for research are suggested.

scholarly journals Core Schemas across the Continuum of Psychosis: A Comparison of Clinical and Non-Clinical Groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Taylor ◽  
Suzanne L. K. Stewart ◽  
Graham Dunn ◽  
Sophie Parker ◽  
David Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
The Continuum

Background: Research suggests that core schemas are important in both the development and maintenance of psychosis. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate and compare core schemas in four groups along the continuum of psychosis and examine the relationships between schemas and positive psychotic symptomatology. Method: A measure of core schemas was distributed to 20 individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP), 113 individuals with “at risk mental states” (ARMS), 28 participants forming a help-seeking clinical group (HSC), and 30 non-help-seeking individuals who endorse some psychotic-like experiences (NH). Results: The clinical groups scored significantly higher than the NH group for negative beliefs about self and about others. No significant effects of group on positive beliefs about others were found. For positive beliefs about the self, the NH group scored significantly higher than the clinical groups. Furthermore, negative beliefs about self and others were related to positive psychotic symptomatology and to distress related to those experiences. Conclusions: Negative evaluations of the self and others appear to be characteristic of the appraisals of people seeking help for psychosis and psychosis-like experiences. The results support the literature that suggests that self-esteem should be a target for intervention. Future research would benefit from including comparison groups of people experiencing chronic psychosis and people who do not have any psychotic-like experiences.

Exploring the Psychometric Properties and the Factor Structure of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia Across the Schizotypy Continuum

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112098662
Author(s):  
Manel Monsonet ◽  
Thomas R. Kwapil ◽  
Neus Barrantes-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Mental States ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study evaluated the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) across different levels of the schizotypy continuum. A combined sample of high-schizotypy, at-risk mental states, and patients with first-episode psychosis was assessed for depression and other clinical and functional outcomes. Additionally, experience sampling methodology was used to assess depressive and psychotic-like experiences in daily life. The CDSS exhibited solid internal consistency, validity, and discrimination between depressed and nondepressed participants. Confirmatory factor analyses and the associations of the resulting factors with clinical and functional measures supported a two-factor structure that included general depression and guilt factors. Furthermore, both factors of the CDSS were differentially related to positive and negative symptoms of psychosis in daily life. The CDSS appears to have two underlying psychopathological dimensions and to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing depression across the schizotypy continuum.

Counseling Adolescents With Hearing Loss Using a Narrative Therapy Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Nelson Crowell ◽  
Julie Hanenburg ◽  
Amy Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Narrative Therapy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Therapy Approach ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Counseling Adolescents

Abstract Audiologists have a responsibility to counsel patients with auditory concerns on methods to manage the inherent challenges associated with hearing loss at every point in the process: evaluation, hearing aid fitting, and follow-up visits. Adolescents with hearing loss struggle with the typical developmental challenges along with communicative challenges that can erode one's self-esteem and self-worth. The feeling of “not being connected” to peers can result in feelings of isolation and depression. This article advocates the use of a Narrative Therapy approach to counseling adolescents with hearing loss. Adolescents with hearing loss often have problem-saturated narratives regarding various components of their daily life, friendships, amplification, academics, etc. Audiologists can work with adolescents with hearing loss to deconstruct the problem-saturated narratives and rebuild the narratives into a more empowering message. As the adolescent retells their positive narrative, they are likely to experience increased self-esteem and self-worth.

Citizenship and Rights of Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
David B. Thronson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Central Factor ◽  
Family Unity

Citizenship plays a larger and more critical role in the life of children than it should. Children who lack citizenship are incredibly vulnerable to exploitation. In the migration context, a child’s citizenship can be largely determinative of where and with whom a child lives. Despite a modern children’s rights framework that recognizes the humanity and autonomy of children, citizenship and nationality still form an integral part of a child’s identity and play a critical role in a child’s development. It has a pervasive impact in securing other rights for children and can be a central factor in a child’s cultural and linguistic background, education, economic and environment exposures, and virtually all aspects of a child’s daily life. This chapter examines children’s right to citizenship and explores the ongoing crisis of statelessness that undermines these rights. It reviews the role that citizenship plays in both voluntary and forced migration of children, child-specific protections found in both universal and regional human rights frameworks, and the role of children’s citizenship in promoting family unity.

scholarly journals Rabeprazole inhibits inflammatory reaction by inhibition of cell pyroptosis in gastric epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xie ◽  
Long Fan ◽  
Liya Xiong ◽  
Peiyu Chen ◽  
Hongli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common pathogen in development of peptic ulcers with pyroptosis. Rabeprazole, a critical component of standard triple therapy, has been widely used as the first-line regimen for H. pylori infectious treatment. The aim of this study to explore the function of Rabeprazole on cell pyroptosis in vitro. Methods The clinical sample from patients diagnosed with or without H. pylori-infection were collected to analyze by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blot (WB) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) were performed to analyze the effect of Rabeprazole on cell pyroptosis, including LDH, IL-1β and IL-18. Results In this study, we showed that Rabeprazole regulated a phenomenon of cell pyroptosis as confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Further results showed that Rabeprazole inhibited cell pyroptosis in gastric epithelial cells by alleviating GSDMD-executed pyroptosis, leading to decrease IL-1β and IL-18 mature and secretion, which is attributed to NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibition. Further analysis showed that ASC, NLRP3 and Caspase-1, was significantly repressed in response to Rabeprazole stimulation, resulting in decreasing cleaved-caspase-1 expression. Most important, NLRP3 and GSDMD is significantly increased in gastric tissue of patients with H. pylori infection. Conclusion These findings revealed a critical role of Rabeprazole in cell pyroptosis in patients with H. pylori infection, suggesting that targeting cell pyroptosis is an alternative strategy in improving H. pylori treatment.

When history perpetuates stereotypes and narratives: The burden of historical representations on well-being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Historical Representations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

Previous research outlined that historical representations of different groups underlie stereotypes and prejudice. Considering the gap in the literature on historical representations and their potential impact on the well-being of Africans, we hypothesised that historical representations of Africans and perceptions of these representations among Africans (N = 225 in Europe relate to well-being outcomes in that population. Furthermore, we predicted that the relationship between historical representations and well-being is mediated by stereotype confirmation concerns and social identification. Consistent with our predictions, historical representations were associated with poorer well-being. Particularly, historical representations were related to increased anxiety and low self-esteem through their relationship with stereotype confirmation concerns. Social identity mitigated the harmful effects of historical representations on self-esteem. However, social identity did not mediate the association between historical representations and anxiety. Our findings highlight the effects of historical representations on well-being.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document