scholarly journals Kraepelin’s Final Views on Dementia Praecox

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Work ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Original Concept

Abstract In 1921, at the age of 65, 6 years after completing the final edition of his textbook, 22 years after first proposing the concept of dementia praecox (DP), and 1 year before retiring from clinical work, Emil Kraepelin completed the last edition of his “Introduction to Clinical Psychiatry,” which contained a mini-textbook for students, 10 pages of which were devoted to DP. This work also included a series of new detailed case histories, 3 of which examined DP. This neglected text represents a distillation of what Kraepelin judged, near the end of his long career, to be the essential features of DP. The relevant text and case histories are translated into English for the first time. Kraepelin did not define DP solely by its chronic course and poor prognosis, acknowledging that remissions and even full recovery might be possible. His clinical description emphasized the frequency of bizarre delusions and passivity symptoms. He recognized the heterogeneity of the clinical presentations, outlining 6 subtypes of DP, including dementia simplex, depressive and stuporous dementia, and an agitated and circular DP. Kraepelin’s original concept of DP was not impervious to change and expanded somewhat, especially with the inclusion of Diem’s concept of simple DP. He also reviews several contributions of Bleuler, including his concept “latent schizophrenia.” He writes poignantly of the psychological consequences of DP. His 3 DP cases, for advanced students, included simple DP, “periodic catatonic,” and “speech confusion.”

Pindar: Selected Odes

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Instone
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Human Condition ◽  
Sixth Form

Pindar's Odes, blending beauty of poetic form and profundity of thought, are one of the wonders of Ancient Greece. Composed in the first instance to commemorate athletics victories, they fan out like a peacock's tail to illuminate with brilliant subtlety and imagination the human condition in general, and how our moments of heroic achievement are inevitably tempered by our mortal frailties. This edition aims to make for the first time a selection of these wonderful, but complex, poems accessible and enjoyable not only to scholars and advanced students but especially to sixth-form students and non-Classicists (including anyone interested in Pindar's influence on English poetry). While particular attention is paid to elucidating Pindar's cryptic chains of thoughts and to explaining the significance of the myths in the odes, much greater help than usual in this series is given with translating the Greek. The selection, which contains Pindar's most famous poem (Olympian 1) and two particularly charming mythical stories (in Pythian 9 and Nemean 3), illustrates Pindar's range and variety by including odes commemorating victors at each of the four major games. The book presents Greek text with translation, commentary and notes.

Severe Pre-Eclampsia in Multiparous Women: Indication of an Environmental Triggering Agent?

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Kilpatrick ◽  
E.C. Jazwinska ◽  
W.A. Liston ◽  
G.E. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
First Case ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maternal Immune Response ◽  
First Time ◽  
Normotensive Pregnancy

Two case histories are described with conflicting implications for the etiopathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. In both, typical proteinuric pre-eclampsia developed despite a history of previous normotensive pregnancy. In the first case, the disease was associated with a change of husband, consistent with the view that pre-eclampsia arises from an inadequate maternal immune response to paternal antigens inherited by the fetus. The second case, however, concerned a woman who developed pre-eclampsia for the first time in her third pregnancy by the same reproductive partner. We conclude that either more than one underlying cause can result in the clinical syndrome of pre-eclampsia, or that pre-eclampsia is caused by an environmental factor. The possibility that pre-eclampsia may be initiated by an infectious agent is briefly explored in the light of the clinical histories described and well-established epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data.

Querulous Paranoia in Chinese Patients: A Cultural Paradox

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred H.T. Pang ◽  
Gabor S. Ungvari ◽  
Francis Lum ◽  
Kelly Lai ◽  
C. M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objective: There has been no reported case of querulous paranoia from the Asian population. A prospective study was undertaken to identify patients with querulous paranoia in an outpatient clinic. Method: One thousand, five hundred and fifty-one new referrals to a university-affiliated psychiatric outpatient clinic in Hong Kong were screened for querulous paranoia during routine clinical work. Results: Three patients with querulous paranoia (0.19%) were identified during 1 year. The case histories of these three patients are reported. Conclusion: Possible reasons for the low reporting rate are discussed and the importance of sociocultural traditions in the development and recognition of querulous paranoia is emphasised.

The Two Manias: A Study of the Evolution of the Modern Concept of Mania

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hare
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
First Time

In the year 1899 there occurred an event which has had great consequence for psychiatry. This was the publication of the sixth edition of Emil Kraepelin's textbook, where he introduced for the first time his distinction between manic-depressive insanity and dementia praecox. It was a distinction which rapidly became accepted almost everywhere in the world, and it still forms the basis of our thinking about the nature of the functional psychoses. Kraepelin's concept of mania was quite different from the concept of mania held during most of the nineteenth century; and so, historically speaking, there are two manias, more or less sharply separated by the Kraepelinian revolution. The purpose of the present essay is to give some account of the term mania in its pre-Kraepelinian sense and of the events which led Kraepelin to his new concept; and also (in Part II) to put forward a new idea of why this revolution came about.

The link between developmental psychiatry and dual disorders from early attachment to first drugs abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S472-S473
Author(s):  
E. Garcia ◽  
R. Moreno ◽  
B. Tarjuelo
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Common Path ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Developmental Psychiatry ◽  
Different Parts

Since Dual Disorders expression was used for the first time, the old dilemma between cathegorial and dimensional grew again as a main issue because many authors wondered about its utility. The question was how far we can speak about two different entities, because doing so we are assuming comorbidity instead of a complex syndrome, with different clinical presentations (i.e. Talking about fever and cough instead of pneumonia). Child and adolescence psychiatry uses developmental psychiatry as a very useful tool to understand patients. Syndromes are seen as dynamic as patients. At the same time that patients grow their clinical presentations, evolves new symptoms or signs. We have reviewed retrospectively a group of twenty parents that were named as dual disorders, with different substance abuse but a common path in their childhood; all of them were diagnosed of ADHD and Conduct Disorder. We chose them because of the differences that DSM, ICD and main researchers have about this group, which some consider better described as a Disocial hiperquinetic disorder (ICD) than a AHDH with a conduct disorder associated (DSM), comorbidity again. We agreed with ICD opinion and will discuss how in some way we are somehow as those blind people describing different parts of the same elephant when we talk sometimes about dual. Truth is that opposite dual view or its syndromic treatment developmental psychiatry has all the time underlined the role of reward circuits/executive functions as epigenetic issues, both modulated by gene and environment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Ataxia associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
E. P. Nuzhnyi ◽  
M. Yu. Krasnov ◽  
D. R. Akhmadullina ◽  
A. A. Abramova ◽  
E. Yu. Fedotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Slow Progression ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
First Time

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-associated ataxia is a rarely diagnosed but potentially curable disease associated with autoimmune damage to and death of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. In Russia, the authors have provided for the first time descriptions of three own observations of this disease, which had a number of clinical features, such as slow progression, mild ataxia, stroke-like episodes with stem symptoms, concomitant gluten sensitivity, onset of ataxia after hepatitis C with cerebellar hemiataxia and hemiatrophy. In the all patients, the diagnosis was verified based on the determination of high anti-GAD antibody titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. All the patients lacked intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies; protein levels and cytosis were normal. Pulse therapy with methylprednisolone at a total dose of 3–5 g led to a slight reduction in ataxia in one case (a female patient with subacute onset of the disease); the treatment was ineffective in two other cases (patients with a primary chronic course). The paper analyzes the literature covering the pathogenesis and clinical presentations of this type of ataxia, and difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Early Onset of Fragile X Associated Tremor and Ataxia Syndrome: A Case Report from Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Shahin Koohmanaee ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Kharaee ◽  
Reza Bayat ◽  
Maryam Shahrokhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Fmr1 Gene ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Cgg Repeats ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Ataxia Syndrome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
First Time

Background: Different alleles of Fragile X Mental Retardation1 (FMR1) gene with separate molecular etiologies cause Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and Fragile X-associated Tremor and Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). Premutation alleles with 55 to 200 repeats in the FMR1 gene lead to FXTAS. It is carried by 1 in 209 women and 1 in 430 men. FXTAS commonly appears in 50- to 70-year-old adults. Case Presentation: An 11 months old boy was referred to the hospital due to clinical presentations of productive cough seizure, mental disability, and ataxia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), hematology, biochemistry, hormone, and genetic tests were done. Triplet repeat PCR (TP PCR) showed 99 CGG repeats as permutation alleles. Conclusion: In this study, the authors reported the early onset of FXTAS in an 11 months old boy for the first time.

Biogeochemistry of Estuaries

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Elemental Cycling ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Estuarine Management ◽  
Literature Base ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
First Time

Biogeochemistry of Estuaries offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to understanding biogeochemical cycling in estuaries. Designed as a text for intermediate to advanced students, this book utilizes numerous illustrations and an extensive literature base to impart the current state-of-the-art knowledge in this field. While many of the existing books in estuarine science are comprised of edited volumes, typically focused on highly specific topics in estuaries,Biogeochemistry of Estuaries provides, for the first time, a unique foundation in the areas of geomorphology, geochemistry, biochemistry, aqueous chemistry, and ecology, while making strong linkages (trhoughout the text) to ecosystem-based processes in estuarine sciences. Estuaries, located at the interface between land and the coastal ocean are dynamic, highly productive systems that, in many cases, have been historically associated with development of many of the great centers of early human civilization. Consequentially, these systems have and continue to be highly impacted by anthropogenic inputs. This timely book takes the foundational basis of elemental cycling in estuarine and applies it to estuarine management issues. Biogeochemistry of Estuaries will be welcomed by estuarine/marine scientists, ecologists, biogeochemists, and environmentalists around the world.

Post-Pandemic Syndrome as a Socio-Psychological and Economic Destruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Igor’ Yu. Sundiev ◽  
◽  
Andrey B. Frolov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Regulation ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Psychosocial Model ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Social Separation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second Wave

The article highlights the socio-psychological and economic aspects of the regulation of society during an extreme psychosocial event in the format of a Pandemic as a staged act of social separation. Artificial Extremum highlighted the main thing: in state entities aimed at satisfying only the vital needs of a person, intra-system contradictions are critically increasing, since the regulation of society is associated with the dominant satisfaction of higher needs in the creative development of a person. Technologies of social separation have led to pathological psychological consequences — a critical breakdown of social ties. This is the first time that an irrevocable extreme situation has emerged in History, and there is no way out of it under the old model of social regulation. It also became clear that the “Pandemic-2020” did not allow to remove the accumulated financial crisis contradictions, as the global industrial Autonomous circuit continues to work properly and consistently provides vital functions of the human population. Since the second wave of the pandemic extreme has been announced, individuals who have lost the features of social subjectivity cannot integrate to achieve socially significant results of their activities. The only way out of the crisis situation is a conscious scientifically based transition to a new psychosocial model of society, already programmed by a new universal attractor of the historical process.

Counting Triples, Triangles, and Acute Triangles

1999 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-619
Author(s):  
Ruth McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Difference Equation ◽  
Mathematical Induction ◽  
Modular Arithmetic ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Greatest Integer Function ◽  
First Time

Activities involving counting triples, triangles, and acute triangles enrich the curriculum with excursions into modular arithmetic, the greatest-integer function, and summation notation. In addition, more advanced students can apply difference-equation techniques to find closed forms and can use mathematical induction to prove the formulas. Students may be learning about these topics for the first time, or they may be reviewing familiar ideas in different problem-solving contexts. In either situation, personal arsenals of problem-attacking skills are strengthened.

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