scholarly journals Economic and cultural determinants of elite attitudes toward redistribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias López ◽  
Graziella Moraes Silva ◽  
Chana Teeger ◽  
Pedro Marques
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Previous studies have posited that elites are willing to advance the redistribution of income and social goods when the negative effects of inequality, such as crime and conflict, threaten their own interests. Although elites acknowledge these negative effects, their support for redistributive policies remains low throughout the Global South. We address this paradox using a multi-method research design. Drawing on 56 in-depth interviews with Brazilian political and economic elites, we document how, when discussing the negative effects of inequality, interviewees consistently characterized the poor as ignorant, irrational and politically incompetent. We use these findings to theorize about the negative impact of such perceptions of the poor on elite support for redistribution. We then test this relationship using survey data gathered from random samples of political and economic elites in Brazil, South Africa and Uruguay (N = 544). We find the relationship to be robust.

scholarly journals The Turnover of Palestinian Governments and its Selected Impacts on the Sustainability of Public Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-34
Author(s):  
Jehad Alaysa ◽  
Hussam Musa
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Political Program ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractThe aim of this research is examining governmental turnover and its impact on the sustainability of public policy in the Palestinian context. We argue that the absence of a clear political program of governments and the absence of clear rules in professional and independent civil service allows Palestinian ministers to politicize the ministries they run, in addition to imposing their personal visions on different administrative levels, which makes the frequent turnover of governments and ministerial faces a challenge to the administrative level’s capability to create and implement sustainable public policies. We examined and compared through in-depth interviews the relationship between the political dimension of government formation and its surrounding considerations with the administrative executive dimension in Palestinian conditions. We concluded that professionals from most ministries think that frequent ministerial turnover usually has a negative impact on the sustainability of public policy while only respondents from three ministries stated that turnover could have a positive impact.

scholarly journals “The Reality from the Myth”: The poor as main agents of forest degradation: Lessons from Ashanti Region, Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Peprah ◽  
Emmanuel Mawuli Abalo ◽  
Jones Amoako ◽  
Julius Nyonyo ◽  
Williams Agyemang Duah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Traditional Authorities ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractThe prevailing literature on poverty-environment links mostly presents a rather deterministic view of the nexus between poverty and the environment, revolving around the negative impact of the poor on the environment. Specifically, in Ghana, empirical evidence on the prevalence of forest degradation is sparse because the requisite data are often difficult to obtain. Using a qualitative approach, data collected through in-depth interviews with 45 randomly selected participants and 5 purposively selected key informants (Traditional Authorities) and using a thematic analysis, the poverty-environment, specifically the forest degradation nexus was verified. This cross-sectional study leads the authors to posit that poverty has a minimal negative effect on major forest degradation in Ghana. The study found that the poor were rather conscious, and future-oriented with regard to the environment, specifically forests owing to how their livelihoods and survival are directly linked to their immediate environment. The results suggest that the poverty-environment nexus could be country, or context-specific and varies between geographical and historical contexts. By implication, the seemingly universal assertion that the poor are those who cause major deforestation in communities could be problematic. Henceforth, the study maintains that it would be a fallacy to make generalisations that poverty is the main cause of major forest degradation, since the link between poverty and the environment is very context-specific. We argued on the premise that reduction of poverty in Ghana may not lead to the reduction of forest degradation. Joint implementation of holistic poverty-environment strategies that incorporate both the poor and the rich should be adopted to curb the wanton forest degradation in Ghana.

scholarly journals Negative Impact of Social Network Services Based on Stressor-Stress-Outcome: The Role of Experience of Privacy Violations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Kim ◽  
Hyunsun Park ◽  
Moon Jong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Social network service (SNS) information has benefited many individuals. However, as such information has increased exponentially, the number of SNS users has increased dramatically and negative effects of SNSs on users have emerged. Many SNS users experience negative psychological conditions such as fatigue, burnout, and stress. Thus, in this study, we investigated the SNS and user characteristics that affect SNS fatigue, living disorder, and reduced SNS use intention. We developed a research model to examine the impact of two SNS characteristics (irrelevant information overload and open reachability) and two user characteristics (engagement and maintaining self-reputation) on SNS fatigue. We also examined the role of the experience of privacy violations in the relationship between living disorder and reduced SNS use intention. We collected data from 579 SNS users and created a partial least squares structural equation model to test the hypotheses. The results of the analysis showed that three factors, other than open reachability, positively affected SNS fatigue. Furthermore, we found that SNS fatigue significantly affected living disorder and reduced SNS use intention, and that experience of privacy violations significantly affected the relationship between living disorder and reduced SNS use intention. These results expand our understanding of SNS fatigue and users’ negative behaviors.

scholarly journals Can Environmental Regulation Flexibility Explain the Porter Hypothesis?—An Empirical Study Based on the Data of China’s Listed Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guichuan Zhou ◽  
Wendi Liu ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Kaiwen She
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Porter Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies indicate that the Porter hypothesis (PH) generates controversial and inconsistent conclusions on the impact of environmental regulation (ER) on business performance. As a result, based on the data of China’s A-share listed companies from 2016 to 2018, a moderated mediating effect model is established to examine the relationship between ER, technological innovation and business performance, as well as the moderating effect of environmental regulation flexibility (ERF) on the relationship. Results show that technological innovation has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between ER and business performance. Furthermore, ERF has a negative moderating effect on the mediating effect technological innovation exerted. At a certain degree, the flexible ER could weaken technological innovation’s mediating effects on the relationship between ER and business performance, and further could mitigate the negative impact of ER on both technological innovation and business performance. Also, an inflexible ER intensifies its negative effects on technological innovation and business performance, which is to the disadvantage of enterprises becoming the subject of environmental protection consciously and sustainably.

scholarly journals Extreme Losers: On Excess and Profitless Expenditure in Male Gambler Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Marco Pedroni
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pathological Gambler ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Central Notion ◽  
Ethnographic Observation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

The essay looks at male gambling by investigating it as a form of resistance to the utilitarian values which lie at the base of the market logic. Here the excess is viewed as a central notion in opposition to that of utility. Far from minimising the negative impact of excessive gambling on society and individuals, this contribution attempts to go beyond an analysis based on the categories of pathology and expenditure only. Through excess, the pathological gambler unveils the symbolic and arbitrary ideology of capitalism which sees economic success as a sign of election or a choice whereby money is used not as an investment or to access to goods and services, but “wasted”.To address these issues, two complementary ethnographic methods are used: (1) a three-month ethnographic observation in 23 gambling locations in Milan’s metropolitan area; (2) 10 in-depth interviews with extreme male gamblers.The article attempts to answer the following research question: How does excess take place in male gambling practices? Risk factors for extreme gambling are analysed, with a particular focus on the relationship between gambling and masculinity. In the effort to go beyond an analysis of gambling based on the categories of pathology and expenditure only, gambling is conncetd to the notion of excess. Gambling locations as facilitators of excess are studied, and the life stories of pathological gamblers discussed. The paradoxical ambivalence of gambling practices, on the one side a form of domination of the subordinate classe, on the other an opportunity to resist through an anti-utilitarian act, are highlighted.

scholarly journals EXTERNAL SHOCKS AND POVERTY: HOW RECESSION IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND CHINA AFFECTS THE INDONESIAN POOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228
Author(s):  
Arief Anshory Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poor Household ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Employment Programs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Japan And China

This paper analyzes the effect of a recession in Europe, Japan, and China on the poverty in Indonesia. We use the GTAP model and the INDONESIA-E3 model to examine the impact of a 2 percent GDP decline in these three countries on the poverty in Indonesia. The results suggest a negative impact on Indonesia’s GDP, mainly through the trade-linkages but with a small magnitude. The main reason for this finding has to do with the low dependency of Indonesia on international trade. The shock also slightly increases the poverty in Indonesia with a small magnitude. Across the household types, the negative effects of these recession goes mainly to higher income households since large part of their incomes comes from the capital and skill-intensive sectors. The poor household types are likely to be the first to lose their jobs in the event of this recession, since they are less skilled. These findings urge the Indonesian government to lunch employment programs to ensure the employment continuity for these unskilled laborers in the anticipation of a global recession particularly originating from these three countries.

Using Collective Creativity and Industry 4.0 Technology to Reduce the Negative Impact of a Pandemic on Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Ziska Fields ◽  
Zainab Mahammad Abdullah ◽  
Aidah Nakayiwa Musisi ◽  
Nadine Kirsten Mitchley
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Relationship

Across many domains, research has shown that a gap in knowledge exists on exploring the relationship between concepts such as collective creativity combined with the fourth industrial revolution. Furthermore, limited conceptual knowledge of how they may aid entrepreneurs when faced with a crisis of disruption trade due to external forces such as a pandemic. The primary objective of this study is to explain how collective creativity and Industry 4.0 technology can be used to reduce the negative effects of COVID-19 on local entrepreneurial enterprises by developing a framework of preparedness. A qualitative study, based on one-on-one interviews pertaining to local entrepreneurs located in Gauteng, South Africa. The results of the primary study and conclusion are yet to be established.

scholarly journals Ethnic Diversity and European's Generalised Trust: How Inclusive Immigration Policy Can Aid a Positive Association

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zimdars ◽  
Gindo Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Critical Literature

The present article contributes to the discussions of the link as between diversity and social capital levels by focusing on the process linking diversity and trust. We look at country-level policies rather than individual communities and evaluate how policies can influence the relationship between diversity and generalised trust. We analyse Eurobarometer data (2004) using multilevel analysis. We find a positive effect of diversity on trust, controlling for potentially confounding effect at the individual and country level. Furthermore, we find that the inclusiveness of national policies towards migrants matters. More inclusive policies as measured by the migrant integration policy index (Mipex) counterbalance potentially negative effects of increasing diversity. The findings show that while local place is crucial as the locus where diverse ethnic groups interact, countries remain important policy contexts influencing and framing interactions with immigrants. For Europe, there is nothing inevitable about a negative impact of increasing diversity on building cohesive, trusting societies. We conclude by locating our findings within a wider critical literature.

Democracy and distribution in highly unequal economies: the case of South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoli Nattrass ◽  
Jeremy Seekings
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Party System ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Core Section ◽  
The Unemployed

Given that incomes in South Africa are distributed very unequally, it might be expected that the establishment of representative democracy would result in the adoption of redistributive policies. Yet overall inequality has not declined since 1994. The electoral and party system provides uneven pressure for redistribution. The fact that poor South Africans have the vote ensures that some areas of public policy do help the poor. The post-apartheid government not only inherited a surprisingly redistributive set of social policies (welfare, education and health care), but has made changes that entail even more redistribution. But these policies do little to help a core section of the poor in South Africa: the unemployed, and especially households in which no one is working. Other public policies serve to disadvantage this marginalised constituency: labour market and other economic policies serve to steer the economy down a growth path that shuts out many of the unskilled and unemployed. The workings of these policies remain opaque, making it unlikely that poor citizens will use their vote to effect necessary policy reforms.

scholarly journals The Inflation-Growth Relationship in SSA Inflation-Targeting Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Nomahlubi Mavikela ◽  
Simba Mhaka ◽  
Andrew Phiri
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Quantile Regression Method ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between inflation and economic growth for South Africa and Ghana using quarterly empirical data collected from 2001 to 2016 applied to the quantile regression method. For our full sample estimates we find that inflation is positively related with growth in Ghana at high inflation levels whilst inflation in South Africa exerts its least adverse effects at high inflation levels. However, when particularly focusing on the post-crisis period, we find inflation exerts negative effects at all levels of inflation for both countries with inflation having its least adverse effects at high levels for Ghana and at moderate levels for South Arica. Based on these findings bear important implications for inflation targeting frameworks adopted by Central Banks in both countries.

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