scholarly journals Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Circadian Rest/Activity Rhythms with Cognition in the Early Phase of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Alfini ◽  
Marilyn Albert ◽  
Andreia V Faria ◽  
Anja Soldan ◽  
Corinne Pettigrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Relative Amplitude ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Rest Activity

Abstract Study Objectives To compare sleep and circadian rest/activity rhythms (RARs), quantified by standard and novel actigraphic metrics, between controls and participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to examine the cross-sectional relationships between these measures and cognition. Methods Actigraphy data were collected in 179 older individuals (mean age=72.6 years) with normal cognition (n=153) and MCI (n=26). Sleep parameters (e.g., sleep efficiency), and standard non-parametric RARs (e.g., interdaily stability) were generated. Functional principal component analysis (fPCA) was used to generate three novel RAR metrics (fPC1, fPC2, fPC3). Cognitive composite scores reflecting episodic memory and executive function were derived using factor analysis. Regression models compared sleep and RAR parameters between diagnostic groups and their association with cognitive performance. Results Compared to controls, the MCI group exhibited lower levels of the standard RAR parameter: relative amplitude, and fPC3—a novel RAR whereby lower scores reflected a lower rhythm peak, as well as greater nighttime activity and less activity in the morning. Across groups, several standard RAR parameters (e.g., interdaily stability) and fPC3 were associated with better episodic memory and executive function performance. Additionally, several standard RAR measures (e.g., relative amplitude) and the novel RAR measure fPC1 (reflecting the total volume of activity and rhythm strength) were associated with better executive function performance. Conclusions Individuals with MCI have altered circadian RARs compared to controls, including the novel RAR metric fPC3, reflecting greater nighttime activity and less activity in the morning compared to mean values. Additionally, these measures are significantly associated with cognitive performance.

045 Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Circadian Rest/Activity Rhythms with Cognition in the Early Phase of Alzheimer’s Disease

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A19-A20
Author(s):  
Alfonso Alfini ◽  
Marilyn Albert ◽  
Andreia Faria ◽  
Anja Soldan ◽  
Corinne Pettigrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Normal Cognition ◽  
Rest Activity

Abstract Introduction Alterations in sleep and circadian rhythms are common in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, but the nature of such changes in the early phases of AD remains unclear. This study compared sleep and circadian rest/activity rhythms (RARs), measured by standard and novel actigraphic indices, between participants with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and examined cross-sectional associations between these measures and cognition. Methods Actigraphy data were collected in 179 individuals (mean age=72.6 years, gender=64.8% female) with normal cognition (n=153) or MCI (n=26) from the Biomarkers for Older Controls at Risk of Dementia (BIOCARD) study. Standard sleep parameters (i.e., total sleep time [TST], sleep efficiency [SE], wake after sleep onset [WASO], average wake bout length [WBL]), and standard non-parametric RAR metrics (i.e., relative amplitude [RA], intradaily variability [IV], interdaily stability [IS]) were generated. Functional principal component (fPC) methods were used to generate three novel RAR indices (fPC1, fPC2, fPC3) representing 69% of the total variance. Cognitive test scores were used to generate composite measures reflecting the domains of episodic memory and executive function using factor analysis. Regression models were used to compare sleep and circadian RAR parameters between the diagnostic groups and to evaluate their associations with cognitive performance. Results After adjustment for age, sex, education, and APOE-4 genotype, compared to normal controls, MCI subjects had significantly lower SE, lower RA, and lower scores on the novel RAR measure fPC3, which reflects a later rhythm phase, lower amplitude, and lower activity both at night and early in the day. In analyses combining data from participants with MCI and controls, several standard RAR parameters (e.g., higher RA and IS) and higher fPC3 scores were associated with both better episodic memory and executive function. Additionally, several standard measures (e.g., lower WASO and IV) and lower fPC1 scores (reflecting higher rhythm amplitude and greater activity throughout daytime hours) were linked with better executive function. Conclusion MCI participants have sleep and circadian alterations, which are significantly associated with cognitive performance. A novel RAR measure, fPC3, showed differences in rhythm patterns that extended from the night into the daytime. Support (if any) Funding-support NIA (U19-AG033655, T32-AG027668, R01-AG050507) and AASMF (#223-BS-19).

scholarly journals High-intensity physical activity is not associated with better cognition in the elder: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wu ◽  
Haiping Zhang ◽  
Xinlei Miao ◽  
Haibin Li ◽  
Huiying Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Global Cognition

Abstract Background To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) intensity with cognitive performance at baseline and during follow-up. Methods A total of 4039 participants aged 45 years or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in visit 1 (2011–2012) and followed for cognitive function in visit 2 (2013–2014), visit 3 (2015–2016), and visit 4 (2017–2018). We analyzed the association of PA intensity with global cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness at baseline using adjusted regression methods and evaluated the long-term effect of PA intensity using multiple measures of cognition scores by mixed effect model. Results In cross-sectional analysis, mild and moderate PA, rather than vigorous PA, was associated with better cognitive performance. The results remained consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, participant with mild PA had a 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–0.99) higher global cognition, 0.23 (95% CI 0.01–0.46) higher episodic memory, and 0.33 (95% CI 0.01–0.64) higher mental intactness, while those with moderate PA had a 0.74 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) higher global score, 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–0.54) higher episodic memory, and 0.43 (95% CI 0.12–0.74) higher mental intactness, compared with individuals without PA. Vigorous PA was not beneficial to the long-term cognitive performance. Conclusions Our study indicates that mild and moderate PA could improve cognitive performance, rather than the vigorous activity. The targeted intensity of PA might be more effective to achieve the greatest cognition improvement considering age and depressive status.

scholarly journals 0286 Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relationships between Rest-Activity Rhythms and Metabolic Biomarkers in Older Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sleep Study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A116-A117
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Daniel S Evans ◽  
Susan Redline ◽  
Nancy Lane ◽  
Sonia Ancoli-Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships ◽  
Rest Activity

scholarly journals Blunted rest–activity rhythms link to higher body mass index and inflammatory markers in children

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Qian ◽  
Nuria Martinez-Lozano ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
Rafael Rios ◽  
Frank A J L Scheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Relative Amplitude ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Daytime Activity ◽  
Rest Activity

Abstract Study Objectives Disturbances of rest–activity rhythms are associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in adults. Whether such relationship exists in children is unclear. We aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of rest–activity rhythm characteristics with BMI z-score and obesity-related inflammatory markers in school-age children. Methods Participants included 411 healthy children (mean ± SD age 10.1 ± 1.3 years, 50.8% girls) from a Mediterranean area of Spain who wore wrist accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Metrics of rest–activity rhythm were derived using both parametric and nonparametric approaches. Obesity-related inflammatory markers were measured in saliva (n = 121). Results In a multivariable-adjusted model, higher BMI z-score is associated with less robust 24-h rest–activity rhythms as represented by lower relative amplitude (–0.16 [95% CI –0.29, –0.02] per SD, p = 0.02). The association between BMI z-score and relative amplitude persisted with additional adjustment for sleep duration, and attenuated after adjustment for daytime activity level. Less robust rest–activity rhythms were related to increased levels of several salivary pro-inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, which is inversely associated with relative amplitude (–32.6% [–47.8%, –12.9%] per SD), independently of BMI z-score, sleep duration, and daytime activity level. Conclusion Blunted rest–activity rhythms are associated with higher BMI z-score and salivary pro-inflammatory markers already at an early age. The association with BMI z-score seem to be independent of sleep duration, and those with pro-inflammatory markers further independent of BMI z-score and daytime activity. Novel intervention targets at an early age based on improving the strength of rest–activity rhythms may help to prevent childhood obesity and related inflammation. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02895282

537 Insomnia Symptoms and Subsequent Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: Are Depressive Symptoms and Vascular Disease Mediators?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A212-A212
Author(s):  
Afsara Zaheed ◽  
Adam Spira ◽  
Ronald Chervin ◽  
Laura Zahodne
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Function Language ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are growing public health concerns, and poor sleep may represent a modifiable risk factor. However, there is limited research on insomnia as a predictor of subsequent performance in different cognitive domains and mechanisms that might underlie domain-specific associations. The current study examined: (1) which insomnia symptoms predicted performance across five cognitive domains 14 years later, and (2) whether depressive symptoms and/or vascular diseases mediated these associations. Methods Participants included 2,496 adults aged 51+ in the Health and Retirement Study. Insomnia symptoms in 2002 (i.e., “baseline”) were quantified by four self-reported items on frequency of trouble falling asleep, nighttime awakenings, early awakenings, and feeling rested upon awakening. Cognition was assessed in 2016 as part of the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol and operationalized with five factor scores corresponding to episodic memory, executive function, language, visuoconstruction, and processing speed. Multiple regressions examined associations between baseline insomnia symptoms and subsequent cognitive performance, controlling for sociodemographics and baseline global cognitive performance. Mediation models tested whether associations were explained by self-reported depressive symptoms and/or vascular diseases (i.e., hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and/or stroke) in 2014, controlling for baseline values. Results Only trouble falling asleep in 2002 was associated with cognition in 2016. Specifically, more frequent trouble falling asleep predicted poorer episodic memory, executive function, language and processing speed performance, but not visuoconstruction. These associations were mediated by depressive symptoms and vascular diseases in 2014 for all domains except episodic memory; only depressive symptoms mediated the association involving memory. After accounting for these mediators, direct effects of trouble falling asleep remained for episodic memory, executive function and language, but not processing speed. Conclusion Difficulty with sleep initiation may be more consequential for later-life cognition than other insomnia symptoms. Depressive symptoms and vascular diseases may partially drive these associations. We speculate that sleep-onset insomnia could mean less total sleep, immune dysfunction, or endocrine effects that worsen mood, vascular health, and cognition. Remaining associations indicate that additional research is needed to characterize other mechanisms through which sleep initiation problems could contribute to later impairments in frontal and temporal cognitive systems, which are implicated early in ADRD. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Feeling Older and Constrained: Synergistic Influences of Control Beliefs and Subjective Age on Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 387-387
Author(s):  
Eric Cerino ◽  
Erica O’Brien ◽  
David Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Perceived Constraints

Abstract Control beliefs are important correlates of cognitive health and aging. In addition, how old or young one feels is a self-perception of aging that may play a role in understanding control-cognition associations. We explored whether subjective age moderates associations among control beliefs and cognitive performance using data from the third wave of the national Midlife in the United States study. The analytic sample comprised of 2,621 adults aged 39–93 (Mage=64.06, SD=11.15; 55.51% female) that completed measures of control (mastery, perceived constraints), subjective age (how old you feel most of the time), and cognition (executive function, episodic memory) via telephone administration. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine whether mastery, perceived constraints, and subjective age were associated with cognitive performance, adjusting for chronological age, gender, education, marital status, and self-rated health. For executive function, there was a significant perceived constraints by subjective age interaction. Higher levels of perceived constraints were associated with worse executive function (Est.=-0.05, SE=0.01, p<.001), and this association was amplified among those with relatively older subjective ages (Est.-0.10, SE=0.02, p<.001). For episodic memory, higher levels of perceived constraints were associated with worse performance (Est.=-0.07, SE=0.03, p<.001), while reporting a more youthful subjective age was associated with better performance (Est.-0.10, SE=0.02, p<.001). Mastery was not associated with either cognitive domain (ps>.05). Results suggest that perceiving constraints in life may confer greatest risk to cognitive performance among adults who feel older than their actual age, whereas perceiving a more youthful subjective age may be more facilitative.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional association between mean corpuscular volume level and cognitive function in Chinese over 45 years old: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243227
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Chen’Xi’ Nan Ma ◽  
Lan Luo ◽  
Jieyun Yin ◽  
Zhan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Male Subjects

Fewer studies have focused on the independent association between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and cognitive performance. This study was designed to characterize the cross-sectional association between MCV and cognitive performance in a large sample of Chinese residents (age≥45 years) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 4023 male and 4173 female adults with MCV ≥ 80 fl were included for analysis. By multivariable linear regression analysis, for the total subjects, MCV level was significantly negatively associated with global cognitive function and episodic memory. When adjusted by sex, only in male subjects, higher MCV level was associated with reduced scores for global cognitive function, episodic memory and mental status. Via binary logistic regression analysis, the higher MCV level (MCV>100 fl) was associated with poor global cognitive function (OR = 1.601; 95% CI = 1.198–2.139; p = 0.001), episodic memory (OR = 1.679; 95% CI = 1.281–2.201; p<0.001), and mental status (OR = 1.422; 95% CI = 1.032–1.959; p = 0.031) for the whole participants. When testing this association by sex, the significant relationship between higher MCV level with worse episodic memory was observed both in male (OR = 1.690; 95% CI = 1.211–2.358; p = 0.002) and female (OR = 1.729; 95% CI = 1.079–2.770; p = 0.023) subjects; while the association between higher MCV level and poor global cognitive function (OR = 1.885; 95% CI = 1.329, 2.675; p<0.001) and mental status (OR = 1.544; 95% CI = 1.034, 2.306; p = 0.034) only existed in male subjects. Further studies are warranted to clarify the association between MCV level and cognitive performance by considering sex into consideration both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Interaction effects of subjective memory impairment and ApoE4 genotype on episodic memory and hippocampal volume

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1997-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Striepens ◽  
L. Scheef ◽  
A. Wind ◽  
D. Meiberth ◽  
J. Popp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Volumetric Measures

BackgroundThe apolipoprotein E4 allele (ApoE4) is an established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its effects on cognitive performance and brain structure in healthy individuals are complex. We investigated the effect of ApoE4 on cognitive performance and medial temporal lobe volumetric measures in cognitively unimpaired young elderly with and without subjective memory impairment (SMI), which is an at-risk condition for dementia.MethodAltogether, 40 individuals with SMI and 62 without were tested on episodic memory and on tasks of speed and executive function. All participants were ApoE genotyped. 21 subjects with SMI and 47 without received additional structural magnetic resonance imaging. Volumetric measures of the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex and the amygdala were obtained manually.ResultsIn the SMI group, ApoE4 carriers performed worse on the episodic memory (p=0.049) and showed smaller left hippocampal volumes (p=0.030). In the individuals without SMI, the ApoE4 carriers performed better on episodic memory (p=0.018) and had larger right hippocampal volumes (p=0.039). The interaction of group (SMI/no SMI) and ApoE genotype was significant for episodic memory (p=0.005) and right and left hippocampal volumes (p=0.042; p=0.035). There were no within-group differences or interaction effects on speed and executive function composite measures or other volumetric measures.ConclusionsThe negative effect of ApoE4 on episodic memory and hippocampal volume in SMI supports SMI as a prodromal condition of AD. The positive effects of ApoE4 in subjects without SMI adds to a number of reports on positive ApoE4 effects in young and very old individuals.

scholarly journals Disparity in Educational Attainment Partially Explains Cognitive Gender Differences in Older Rural South Africans

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. e161-e173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan T Farrell ◽  
Lindsay C Kobayashi ◽  
Livia Montana ◽  
Ryan G Wagner ◽  
Nele Demeyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Visual Spatial

Abstract Objectives Direction and magnitude of gender differences in late-life cognitive function are inextricably tied to sociocultural context. Our study evaluates education and literacy as primary drivers of gender equality in cognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults in rural South Africa. Method Data were collected on 1,938 participants aged 40–79 from Agincourt, South Africa. Cognitive function was measured via the Oxford Cognitive Screen-Plus, a tablet-based assessment with low literacy demands. Four cognitive domains were derived through confirmatory factor analysis: episodic memory, executive function, visual spatial, and language. Structural equation models tested domain-specific gender effects, incrementally controlling for demographic, education, health, and socioeconomic variables. Results In the model adjusting only for demographic factors, men outperformed women on executive function and visual-spatial domains. Adding education and literacy to the model revealed a robust female advantage in episodic memory, and reduced the magnitude of male advantage in executive function and visual and spatial by 47% and 42%, respectively. Health and socioeconomic factors did not alter patterns of gender associations in subsequent models. Discussion In this older South African cohort, gender inequality in cognitive performance was partially attributable to educational differences. Understanding biopsychosocial mechanisms that promote cognitive resilience in older women is critically important given the predominantly female composition of aging populations worldwide.

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