Light- and cold-stress effects on the greening process in epicotyls and young stems of red oak (Quercus rubra) seedlings

Recent studies have explored how nut weevils (Curculio and Conotrachelus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) prey on the fruits (acorns) of oak (Quercus spp.). However, few, if any, have examined these interactions over both an extensive geographic area and over several years. Here, we observed patterns of infestation in acorns of both red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Quercus alba) over an eight-year period along a latitudinal transect, extending as far as 900km, across much of the shared range of these two oak species. Although weevil prevalence did not differ significantly between the two oak species, in red oak, infestation prevalence increased significantly with latitude. In contrast, an opposite pattern was evident in white oak, with the highest infestation prevalence occurring at lower latitudes. One controlled measure of cotyledon damage was significantly lower in acorns of red oak than those of white oak, which may in part be due to larger acorn size at the lower latitudes. Future investigations in this system should focus on the distribution of weevil species (with DNA barcoding) across this range and geographic variation in chemical gradients that likely determine patterns of weevil damage in individual acorns.

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Seed conditioning of red oak: a recalcitrant North American seed

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90161998000500012 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 55 (spe) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.K. Struve

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Quercus Rubra ◽

Production Systems ◽

Red Oak ◽

High Quality ◽

Stand Establishment ◽

Conditioning Treatment ◽

Wide Range ◽

Seed Conditioning

A ten day aerated water soak was developed as a seed conditioning treatment for red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Conditioned seeds had higher germination completeness, uniformity and speed compared to control seeds. Seeds could be conditioned under a wide range of temperatures and durations. Conditioned seeds were maintained at 7(0)C for 30 days without loss of seed quality. During conditioning, pericarps split in response to seed hydration. Split pericarps could be used as a pre-sowing indicator for high quality seeds. Seed conditioning was ineffective on dormant seeds. Increased crop uniformity and higher stand establishment can be realized by subjecting red oak acorns to an aerated water soak treatment followed by selecting seeds with split pericarps. These results are especially important in container production systems where limited numbers of value seeds are available.

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Spray deposition inside multiple-row nursery trees with a laser-guided sprayer1

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-35.1.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Zhu ◽

H. Liu ◽

Y. Shen ◽

Hengyu Liu ◽

R. H. Zondag

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Quercus Rubra ◽

Spray Deposition ◽

Field Tests ◽

Red Oak ◽

Northern Red Oak ◽

Tree Structures ◽

Speed Sensor ◽

Tilia Tomentosa

Abstract Multiple-row container-grown trees require specially designed sprayers to achieve efficient spray delivery. A five-port air-assisted sprayer with both automatic and manual control modes was developed to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row trees. The sprayer resulted from integration of a high-speed laser-scanning sensor with a sophisticated nozzle flow control system, an embedded computer with a touch screen, a Doppler speed sensor, a specially-designed algorithm and an air-assisted sprayer base. It was able to detect target tree presence and measure target tree size, shape and leaf density. The sprayer then controlled the spray output of each nozzle to match tree structures. The sprayer was tested for its sprayer deposition quality inside canopies in a four-row sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench) field and another six-row northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) field. Tests were conducted with the sprayer in variable-rate application (VRA) and constant-rate application (CRA) modes. The average spray deposit on foliage of trees was 1.37±0.47 μL cm−2 from VRA and 1.29±0.42 μL cm−2 from CRA in linden, and was 2.15±0.57 μL cm−2 from VRA and 2.72±0.94 μL cm−2 from CRA in red oak, respectively. In comparison, spray coverage on foliage of trees was 19.8±3.0% from VRA and 20.9±4.3% from CRA in the linden trial, and was 27.9±3.7% from VRA and 30.5±5.4% from CRA, respectively, in the red oak trial. The newly developed air-assisted sprayer in both VRA and CRA modes would be able to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row tree plants while conserving pesticide. Index words: environmental protection, pest control, pesticide, precision sprayer, spray coverage. Species used in this study: sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.).

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Tending operation model for red oak stands

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/72/1604 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 133-136

Author(s):

Károly Rédei ◽

Zsolt Keserű ◽

Imre Csiha ◽

János Rásó ◽

Csaba Kovács ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quercus Rubra ◽

Regulation System ◽

Red Oak ◽

Operation Model ◽

Stem Number ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Native Literature

Red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is our most important exotic oak species, that possesses growing culture with almost one hundred years in our country. Plantation character of red oak growing predominates principally by applied regeneration method (mostly artificial), regular planting space, applying defined method and planting space regulation system. Forest tending model for red oak, that considered stopgap in the native literature is intended to serving the latter. Especially important equation in the viewpoint of stand growing, that describes relationship of stem number (N, in hectare) and diameter at breast height (D1.3 in cm) is: N=e9.80220-1.12607lnD1.3.

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Effect of Propagation Tray Design on Early Stage Root Development of Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, and Populus tremuloides 1

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-35.1.35 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darby McGrath ◽

Jason Henry ◽

Ryan Munroe ◽

Erin Agro

Keyword(s):

Populus Tremuloides ◽

Root Development ◽

Root Architecture ◽

Quercus Rubra ◽

Early Stage ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Red Oak ◽

Quaking Aspen ◽

Red Maple

Abstract This experiment investigated the effect of different plug-tray cell designs on root development of red maple (Acer rubrum), red oak (Quercus rubra), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. In April of 2015, seeds of each species were sown into three plug trays with different substrate volumes and grown for 17 weeks. Two trays had permeable walls for air-pruning, one with vertical ribs and one without. The third tray had impermeable plastic cell walls. Harvested seedlings were analyzed for root dry weight, length, volume, surface area and number of deflected roots. Root length per volume was highest in the impermeable-walled tray for red maple and quaking aspen. The total numbers of deflected root systems were higher for all species in the impermeable-walled tray. Seedlings grown in the air-pruning trays had smaller proportions of deflected root masses. Greater substrate volume did not influence root deflection development. The air-pruning tray without vertical ribs had the lowest total number of root masses with misdirected roots and lower proportions of root masses with misdirected roots for all species. These results indicate that improved root architecture in root-air pruning tray designs is achievable in tree propagation; however, vertical plastic structures in air-pruning trays can still cause root deflections. Index words: Deflected roots, air-pruning, seedling, propagation, plugs, root architecture. Species used in the study: red maple (Acer rubrum L.); red oak (Quercus rubra L.); quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.).

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