scholarly journals Wildland Fire Science for Management: Federal Fire Manager Information Needs, Sources, and Uses

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Ryan ◽  
Lee K. Cerveny
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Fire Science ◽  
Information Accessibility ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
University Scientists

Abstract A Web-based survey of wildland fire managers in federal agencies in the western United States explored fire science information needs and sources, why particular sources are used, and barriers to obtaining and using information. The fire managers we surveyed rely heavily on internal agency information sources (colleagues, technical experts, and resource advisors) and are more likely to face barriers in their ability to access and use relevant information (lack of time, funding, and personnel) than problems with the quality or availability of data. Information accessibility and applicability are important to managers when deciding which information sources to use. Managers frequently access research provided by US Forest Service Research and Development specialists and university scientists through various publications, the Internet, and direct communication with scientists. Understanding the types of information fire managers need, the sources they access for information, and the barriers they face in obtaining and using information may lead to improved fire science and its dissemination, as well as more effective and efficient fire management.

The information needs and behaviour of the Egyptian elderly living in care homes: An exploratory study

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522199156
Author(s):  
Essam Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Information Awareness ◽  
Medical Health ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Elderly Living

The purpose of this study is to investigate the information-seeking behaviour of the Egyptian elderly, including their information needs. A sample of 63 elderly people living in care homes was taken. It was divided into five focus groups. Of the 63 elderly people, 40 were men (63.5%) and 23 women (36.5%). Almost half (47.6%) ranged in aged from 61 to 70. About a quarter (23%) of them held a high school diploma. The highest percentage (28.6%) was labelled as average-income people. The highest percentage (60.3%) was also found to be widows or widowers. The types of information used most by the Egyptian elderly related to physical, medical/health, social, rational and recreational needs. Their information sources varied between formal and informal sources. Nearly two-thirds (63.5%) of them showed that limited knowledge, lack of interest, poor information awareness, aging, loneliness and health problems were the most significant obstacles they faced when seeking information.

Measurements, datasets and preliminary results from the RxCADRE project – 2008, 2011 and 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Ottmar ◽  
J. Kevin Hiers ◽  
Bret W. Butler ◽  
Craig B. Clements ◽  
Matthew B. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Fire Modelling ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Science Disciplines

The lack of independent, quality-assured field data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating and advancing wildland fire models. To rectify this, scientists and technicians convened in the south-eastern United States in 2008, 2011 and 2012 to collect wildland fire data in six integrated core science disciplines defined by the fire modelling community. These were fuels, meteorology, fire behaviour, energy, smoke emissions and fire effects. The campaign is known as the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) and sampled 14 forest and 14 non-forest sample units associated within 6 small replicate (<10 ha) and 10 large operational (between 10 and 1000 ha) prescribed fires. Precampaign planning included identifying hosting agencies receptive to research and the development of study, logistics and safety plans. Data were quality-assured, reduced, analysed and formatted and placed into a globally accessible repository maintained by the US Forest Service Research Data Archive. The success of the RxCADRE project led to the commencement of a follow-on larger multiagency project called the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE). This overview summarises the RxCADRE project and nine companion papers that describe the data collection, analysis and important conclusions from the six science disciplines.

scholarly journals Pelayanan bimbingan literasi dan sumber informasi perpustakaan bagi mahasiswa yang sedang menyusun tugas akhir

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anton Risparyanto
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

Introduction. There are various types of information sources and guidelines on information literacy at libraries. It is necessary to understand the types of information sources and guidelines on information literacy needed by students, particularly for those who are in the stage of writing their final assignments. The aims of this paper is to provide  better understanding of the need of information sources for the final year students.Research Methods. This is qualitative descriptive research with 10 final year students in structured interviews as well as observations from the Indonesian Islamic University. Data analysis. Data from interviews and observations were analyzed using qualitative methods on the variables used as research subjects.Results and Discussions. The data showed that types of online and printed information sources include (a) textbooks; (b) journals; (c) proceedings and (d) final assignments (theses and dissertations). In terms of information literacy guidelines, they need some  guideline to (a) access to information sources; (b) analyse information sources; (c) evaluate  information sources and (d) use information sources.Conclusions and Recommendations. The library should provide several types of information sources and information literacy guidelines for students to prepare their final assignments. The paper also suggests that the Directorate of Indonesian Islamic University Library to consider better students’ information needs and continue with further similar research.

Information Behavior of Competitive Intelligence Professionals: A Convergence Approach

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Jin ◽  
France Bouthillier
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Competitive Intelligence ◽  
The Real ◽  
Types Of Information

Competitive intelligence activities are intensive information behavior. This paper reports a portion of results from a study of how 28 Canadian CI professionals work in the real world, such as the mechanism of their information needs, the types of information that they seek, and the information sources that they use.Les activités de la veille concurrentielle constituent des comportements informationnels intensifs. Cet article présente une partie des résultats d’une étude portant sur la manière dont 28 professionnels canadiens de la veille concurrentielle travaillent dans le monde réel, et plus particulièrement le mécanisme de leurs besoins informationnels, les catégories d’information recherchées, et les sources d’information utilisées. 

Information Needs, Information Sources, Information Uses and Information-seeking Behaviours of Lawyers in Oyo State Nigeria

Mousaion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Williams Nwagwu ◽  
Zaccheus Ajibade
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Law Reports

This study was carried out to examine the information needs, information uses, information sources and information-seeking behaviour of lawyers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 103 lawyers, using a questionnaire and a self-completed interview schedule. Case preparation was a major reason for lawyers’ information needs. A majority of the lawyers need information in order to enhance their performance and gain more knowledge. The quest for additional information is the main motive in searching for information by professionals and non-professionals alike. Knowing more and becoming well-informed on various aspects of society, constitute the major reasons why lawyers seek for information. Lawyers visit their personal information collection first, and consult available electronic sources before they resort to other sources. The major types of information needed by lawyers, largely relate to the following: weekly law reports, recent decisions of the Supreme Court, and information related to clients. The most consulted sources of information were personal experience, textbooks, journals, colleagues and partners, as well as firm case studies and court records. Creating ways to improve the capacity of lawyers to use digital resources by way of training, and expansion of the legal education curriculum to include ICT, will go a long way to address the challenges lawyers have in finding and using the information they need.

scholarly journals Undergraduates’ Needs and Seeking Behaviour: A Preliminary Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Maslinda Mohd Nadzir ◽  
Nafishah Othman .
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Information Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Google Search

Information seeking behaviour refers to the process of how individual identify their information needs, search and use the information identified to support their work. Understanding the needs and seeking for information from different types of information sources is very important to student in completing their research activities. This paper presents findings from a preliminary study of undergraduate students’ information seeking behaviour and their need of information for their research project. The aim of this study is to identify their information seeking behaviour in finding the required information that meet their information needs. A survey was carried out and thirty nine final year students from two related Information Technology (IT) programs in a Higher Learning Institution in Malaysia returns the questionnaires. Findings indicate that information about development tools was the most important information needed by the students for finishing research project. In searching for required information, Google search engine was found to be the most widely used by the students. Furthermore, most students preferred to use the electronic information sources to search information due to the variety of information available on the Web.

scholarly journals Individual differences in experienced and observational decision-making illuminate interactions between reinforcement learning and declarative memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batel Yifrah ◽  
Ayelet Ramaty ◽  
Genela Morris ◽  
Avi Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Models ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

AbstractDecision making can be shaped both by trial-and-error experiences and by memory of unique contextual information. Moreover, these types of information can be acquired either by means of active experience or by observing others behave in similar situations. The interactions between reinforcement learning parameters that inform decision updating and memory formation of declarative information in experienced and observational learning settings are, however, unknown. In the current study, participants took part in a probabilistic decision-making task involving situations that either yielded similar outcomes to those of an observed player or opposed them. By fitting alternative reinforcement learning models to each subject, we discerned participants who learned similarly from experience and observation from those who assigned different weights to learning signals from these two sources. Participants who assigned different weights to their own experience versus those of others displayed enhanced memory performance as well as subjective memory strength for episodes involving significant reward prospects. Conversely, memory performance of participants who did not prioritize their own experience over others did not seem to be influenced by reinforcement learning parameters. These findings demonstrate that interactions between implicit and explicit learning systems depend on the means by which individuals weigh relevant information conveyed via experience and observation.

The dilemma of the direct answer

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Martin Potthast ◽  
Matthias Hagen ◽  
Benno Stein
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Access ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Information System Design ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Direct Answer

No Web technology has undergone such an impressive evolution as Web search engines did and still do. Starting with the promise of "Bringing order to the Web" 1 by compiling information sources matching a query, retrieval technology has been evolving to a kind of "oracle machinery", being able to recommend a single source, and even to provide direct answers extracted from that source. Notwithstanding the remarkable progress made and the apparent user preferences for direct answers, this paradigm shift comes at a price which is higher than one might expect at first sight, affecting both users and search engine developers in their own way. We call this tradeoff "the dilemma of the direct answer"; it deserves an analysis which has to go beyond system-oriented aspects but scrutinize the way our society deals with both their information needs and means to information access. The paper in hand contributes to this analysis by putting the evolution of retrieval technology and the expectations at it in the context of information retrieval history. Moreover, we discuss the trade offs in information behavior and information system design that users and developers may face in the future.

Exploring User Information Needs in Online Pet Adoption Profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1308-1312
Author(s):  
Zoe M. Becerra ◽  
Sweta Parmar ◽  
Keenan May ◽  
Rachel E. Stuck
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
User Needs ◽  
User Group ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Level Of Importance

With the increase of online shopping, animal shelters can use websites to allow potential adopters to view adoptable animals and increase the number of adoptions. However, little research has evaluated the information needs of this user group. This study conducted a user needs analysis to determine the types of information potential adopters want when searching for a new pet, specifically a cat or dog. Twenty-six participants ranked different behavioral and physical characteristics based on the level of importance and identified their top five overall characteristics. In general, cat adopters ranked the cat’s personality and behavior to be very important and dog adopters found physical characteristics highly important. This study shows the importance of understanding potential adopters’ needs to provide relevant and valued information on online pet adoption profiles. The recommendations and insights can be used to develop pet profiles that meet adopters’ needs and help adopters find the right pet.

scholarly journals “I actually got my first job through my ex-colleague”: Employment-related information seeking behavior of Bangladeshi immigrants in Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062199280
Author(s):  
Nafiz Zaman Shuva
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Immigrant Professionals ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
First Job

This study explores the employment-related information seeking behaviour of Bangladeshi immigrants in Canada. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 Bangladeshi immigrants in Ontario, Canada, and obtained 205 survey responses. The study highlights the centrality of employment-related settlement among Bangladeshi immigrants in Ontario and reports many immigrants not being able to utilize their education and skills after arrival in Canada. The results show that Bangladeshi immigrants utilize various information sources for their employment in Canada, including friends and professional colleagues, online searchers, and settlement agencies. Although Bangladeshi immigrants utilized a large array of information sources for meeting their employment-related information needs, many interview participants emphasized that the employment-related benefits they received was because of their access to friends and professional colleagues in Canada. The survey results echoed the interview findings. The cross-tabulation results on post-arrival information sources and occupation status as well as first job information sources and occupational status in Canada show a significant association among the use of the information source “friends and professional colleagues in Canada” and immigrants’ occupational status. The study highlights the benefits of professional colleagues among immigrants in employment-related settlement contexts. It also reports the challenges faced by many immigrant professionals related to employment-related settlement because of the lack of access to their professional friends and colleagues in Canada. The author urges the Federal Government of Canada, provincial governments, and settlement agencies working with newcomers to offer services that would connect highly skilled immigrants with their professional networks in Canada, in order to get proper guidance related to obtaining a professional job or alternative career. The author calls for further studies on employment-related information seeking by immigrants to better understand the role information plays in their settlement in a new country.

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