scholarly journals Protein Elicitor PemG1 from Magnaporthe grisea Induces Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) in Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1239-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hai Peng ◽  
De-Wen Qiu ◽  
Li-Fang Ruan ◽  
Chen-Fei Zhou ◽  
Ming Sun
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Protein Elicitor

Elicitors can stimulate defense responses in plants and have become a popular strategy in plant disease control. Previously, we isolated a novel protein elicitor, PemG1, from Magnaporthe grisea. In the present study, PemG1 protein expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli improved resistance of rice and Arabidopsis to bacterial infection, induced transient expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in rice. The effects of PemG1 on disease resistance and PR gene expression were mobilized systemically throughout the rice plant and persisted for more than 28 days. PemG1-induced accumulation of OsPR-1a in rice was prevented by the calcium channel blockers LaCl3, BAPTA, EGTA, W7, and TFP. Arabidopsis mutants that are insensitive to jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene showed increased resistance to bacterial infection after PemG1 treatment but PemG1 did not affect resistance of mutants with an impaired salicylic acid (SA) transduction pathway. In rice, PemG1 induced overexpressions of the SA signal-related genes (OsEDS1, OsPAL1, and OsNH1) but not the JA pathway-related genes (OsLOX2 and OsAOS2). Our findings reveal that PemG1 protein can function as an activator of plant disease resistance, and the PemG1-mediated systemic acquired resistance is modulated by SA- and Ca2+-related signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Research progress of NPR genes in signal pathway of salicylic acid mediated plant disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Meiqin Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Salicylic acid (SA) is considered to be an endogenous signal molecule in plants, and it is related to many resistances in plants. In Arabidopsis, Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene1 (NPR1) mediates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induced by SA. NPR1 is a key factor in SA signaling pathway, and the research shows that NPR1, NPR3 and NPR4 play a key role in SA mediated plant disease resistance. In this review, the interaction between NPR and transcription factors is discussed, and we also describe the progress of NPR in SA mediated SAR signal transduction pathway, likewise, we introduce the relationship between NPR1 and its paralogues NPR3/NPR4. This paper analyzes the research prospect of NPR as the intersection of multiple signal paths.

scholarly journals NIM1 Overexpression in Arabidopsis Potentiates Plant Disease Resistance and Results in Enhanced Effectiveness of Fungicides

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1114-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Friedrich ◽  
Kay Lawton ◽  
Robert Dietrich ◽  
Michael Willits ◽  
Rebecca Cade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Dependent Signal

The NIM1 (for noninducible immunity, also known as NPR1) gene is required for the biological and chemical activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of NIM1 in wild-type plants (hereafter referred to as NIM1 plants or lines) results in varying degrees of resistance to different pathogens. Experiments were performed to address the basis of the enhanced disease resistance responses seen in the NIM1 plants. The increased resistance observed in the NIM1 lines correlated with increased NIM1 protein levels and rapid induction of PR1 gene expression, a marker for SAR induction in Arabidopsis, following pathogen inoculation. Levels of salicylic acid (SA), an endogenous signaling molecule required for SAR induction, were not significantly increased compared with wild-type plants. SA was required for the enhanced resistance in NIM1 plants, however, suggesting that the effect of NIM1 overexpression is that plants are more responsive to SA or a SA-dependent signal. This hypothesis is supported by the heightened responsiveness that NIM1 lines exhibited to the SAR-inducing compound benzo(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-car-bothioic acid S-methyl ester. Furthermore, the increased efficacy of three fungicides was observed in the NIM1 plants, suggesting that a combination of transgenic and chemical approaches may lead to effective and durable disease-control strategies.

scholarly journals Update on Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Its Roles in Plant Disease Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5514
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Lingyao Kong ◽  
Pengfei Zhi ◽  
Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

The aerial surface of higher plants is covered by a hydrophobic layer of cuticular waxes to protect plant tissues against enormous environmental challenges including the infection of various pathogens. As the first contact site between plants and pathogens, the layer of cuticular waxes could function as a plant physical barrier that limits the entry of pathogens, acts as a reservoir of signals to trigger plant defense responses, and even gives cues exploited by pathogens to initiate their infection processes. Past decades have seen unprecedented proceedings in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of plant cuticular waxes and their functions regulating plant–pathogen interactions. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the molecular biology of cuticular wax biosynthesis and highlighted its multiple roles in plant disease resistance against bacterial, fungal, and insect pathogens.

scholarly journals Systemic Acquired Resistance Delays Race Shifts to Major Resistance Genes in Bell Pepper

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1376-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Romero ◽  
D. F. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Major Resistance Genes

The lack of durability of host plant disease resistance is a major problem in disease control. Genotype-specific resistance that involves major resistance (R) genes is especially prone to failure. The compatible (i.e., disease) host-pathogen interaction with systemic acquired resistance (SAR) has been studied extensively, but the incompatible (i.e., resistant) interaction less so. Using the pepper-bacterial spot (causal agent, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) pathosystem, we examined the effect of SAR in reducing the occurrence of race-change mutants that defeat R genes in laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments. Pepper plants carrying one or more R genes were sprayed with the plant defense activator acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and challenged with incompatible strains of the pathogen. In the greenhouse, disease lesions first were observed 3 weeks after inoculation. ASM-treated plants carrying a major R gene had significantly fewer lesions caused by both the incompatible (i.e., hypersensitive) and compatible (i.e., disease) responses than occurred on nonsprayed plants. Bacteria isolated from the disease lesions were confirmed to be race-change mutants. In field experiments, there was a delay in the detection of race-change mutants and a reduction in disease severity. Decreased disease severity was associated with a reduction in the number of race-change mutants and the suppression of disease caused by the race-change mutants. This suggests a possible mechanism related to a decrease in the pathogen population size, which subsequently reduces the number of race-change mutants for the selection pressure of R genes. Thus, inducers of SAR are potentially useful for increasing the durability of genotype-specific resistance conferred by major R genes.

scholarly journals Concepts in plant disease resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO XAVIER RIBEIRO DO VALE ◽  
J. E. PARLEVLIET ◽  
LAÉRCIO ZAMBOLIM
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Polygenic Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Race Specificity

Resistance to nearly all pathogens occurs abundantly in our crops. Much of the resistance exploited by breeders is of the major gene type. Polygenic resistance, although used much less, is even more abundantly available. Many types of resistance are highly elusive, the pathogen apparently adapting very easily them. Other types of resistance, the so-called durable resistance, remain effective much longer. The elusive resistance is invariably of the monogenic type and usually of the hypersensitive type directed against specialised pathogens. Race-specificity is not the cause of elusive resistance but the consequence of it. Understanding acquired resistance may open interesting approaches to control pathogens. This is even truer for molecular techniques, which already represent an enourmously wide range of possibilities. Resistance obtained through transformation is often of the quantitative type and may be durable in most cases.

scholarly journals The estimation of organic acids effectiveness as biotic elicitors via changes of endogenous peroxid content

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
I. V. Zhuk ◽  
A. P. Dmitriev ◽  
Ju. V. Shylina ◽  
G.M. Lysova ◽  
L. O. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Signal Molecule

Aim. The usage of biotic elicitors for elicitation of defense responses may induce plant disease resistance and prevent increased environmental pollution by pesticides. Hydrogen peroxide is a well-known signal molecule for photosynthetic status and for stomatal movements, and systemic acquired resistance to pathogens in plants proposed to be dependent on H2O2. The aim of research was to analyze in field trials the effect of oxalic, ferulic and kojic acid on H2O2 content and winter wheat resistance against Septoria tritici. Methods. Content of endogenous H2O2 was measured in elicitor treated and inoculated by S. tritici wheat plants (cv. Oberig) during different ontogenesis phases. The extent of disease development, morphometric parameters and yield structure were analyzed. Results. It is shown that the lowest level of hydrogen peroxide in leaves at the necrotrophic stage of pathogen infection was after oxalic acid treatment, and the highest – after koijc acid influence. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that elicitors induced defense responses in winter wheat against S. tritici and hydrogen peroxide content is an important and valuable parameter. Keywords: biotic elicitors, hydrogen peroxide, induced resistance, Triticum aestivum L., Septoria tritici Rob et Desm.

The Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain Can Determine Effective Interaction Between RPS2 and Other Host Factors in Arabidopsis RPS2-Mediated Disease Resistance

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diya Banerjee ◽  
Xiaochun Zhang ◽  
Andrew F Bent
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Domain Swap ◽  
Allele Specific

Abstract Like many other plant disease resistance genes, Arabidopsis thaliana RPS2 encodes a product with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. This study explored the hypothesized interaction of RPS2 with other host factors that may be required for perception of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens that express avrRpt2 and/or for the subsequent induction of plant defense responses. Crosses between Arabidopsis ecotypes Col-0 (resistant) and Po-1 (susceptible) revealed segregation of more than one gene that controls resistance to P. syringae that express avrRpt2. Many F2 and F3 progeny exhibited intermediate resistance phenotypes. In addition to RPS2, at least one additional genetic interval associated with this defense response was identified and mapped using quantitative genetic methods. Further genetic and molecular genetic complementation experiments with cloned RPS2 alleles revealed that the Po-1 allele of RPS2 can function in a Col-0 genetic background, but not in a Po-1 background. The other resistance-determining genes of Po-1 can function, however, as they successfully conferred resistance in combination with the Col-0 allele of RPS2. Domain-swap experiments revealed that in RPS2, a polymorphism at six amino acids in the LRR region is responsible for this allele-specific ability to function with other host factors.

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